I added the history and what midi is used for and how it works as there was just a definition on this page.
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'''MIDI'''
(
{{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ɪ|d|i}}
; short for
'''Musical Instrument Digital Interface''') is a
[[
technical
staundart]]
that describes a
[[Communications
protocol
|protocol]]
,
[[Digital electronics|
digital interface
]]
an [[Electrical connector|connector]]s an allaes
a wide variety
o [[
electronic
muisical
instrument]]s
,
[[computer]]s
an ither relatit
devices
tae
connect
an
communicate
wi
ane
anither
.<
ref
>
{{citation
|author=Swift,
Andrew.
|url=http://www.doc.ic.ac.uk/~nd/surprise_97/journal/vol1/aps2/
|title=A
brief
Introduction
to
MIDI
|work=SURPRISE
|publisher=Imperial
College
of
Science
Technology
and
Medicine
|date=May-Jun
1997.
|accessdate=22
August 2012}}</ref>
+
'''MIDI'''
(
/ˈmɪdi/
; short for
'''Musical Instrument Digital Interface''') is a
technical
standard
that describes a
protocol,
digital interface
and connectors and
allows
a wide variety
of
electronic
musical
instruments
,
computers and
other
related
devices
to
connect
and
communicate
with
one
another
.<
sup
>
[1]</sup> A
single
MIDI
link
can
carry
up
to
sixteen
channels
of
information, each
of
which
can
be
routed
to
a
separate
device.
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+
=== Introduction ===
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Throughout the years of growing technology our society has become more advanced in the development
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of electronic musical instruments. MIDI (an acronym for the Musical Instrument
+
Digital Interface) had revolutionized the way in which people are able to produce sound through these electronic devices. Midi has allowed synthesisers, computers and other electronic musical devices to be “physically connected together” and exchange musical information such as pitch and volume. Throughout the history and development of MIDI, we will be able to see how this protocol and the aspect of MIDI Messages
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have contributed to the overall product today.
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=== History ===
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Midi was first created in the year 1983. This idea originated as a protocol to enable communication between separate hardware devices . The development of MIDI was closely tied up with the development of synthesizers but over the years has advanced tremendously and allowed for many new additions in the electronic field. MIDI was not always around. However, electronic musical instrument had been during the eighteenth centaury. During the time of 1978, digitally controlled synthesizers became very popular. Every year there became a bigger demand for this electronic sound and ways to manipulate it. Thus, stability, playability and polyphony continued to evolve, in order to keep up with the demand. During the experimental phase of the manufacturing it was discovered that through the digitally controlled synthesizers, a restriction came apparent when the compatibility of the electronic sources did not allow for certain uses of synthesizers. This was obviously seen as a problem as it was inevitable for sales growth to ultimately be inhibited. These restrictions were considered
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unacceptable and therefore lead to the idea around creating a more compatible and advanced way of operating theses synthesizers. This became know as the start of MIDI.
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MIDI was first announced to the public in 1982 an had appeared on an instruments during its early stages due to the several major electronic music companies that got together to design this interface. This came to be known as the start of electronic musical instruments. Their plan for connecting keyboards and other electronic instruments had been renamed to MIDI, which originally allowed for keyboards from different manufactures to be coupled together. The basic features included how to play notes, control the output of volumes and so forth but as the MIDI system advanced, time synchronization between sequences and drum machines and data transfer options became available which succeeding in gaining a higher demand.
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A higher demand called for new MIDI messages to enable greater control of synthesizers even for control of other recording gear and stage lighting. To this day MIDI devices are easily coupled with standard brands of personal computers that allows electronic musical instruments and computers to send instructions to each other provides users with creative opportunity as more people could afford them.
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As the years have gone on, MIDI has continued to advance. We are now at a stage where the MIDI hardware interface, an electronic connector that is a conductive device for joining electrical circuits together as an interface using a mechanical assembly, can work on a wide variety of standard brands of personal computers. The UNIX operating system, a widely used multiuser operating system, is now able to support MIDI unlike in the previous years.
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MIDI has made many things possible in our music world today. We are now able to use a MIDI instrument with which we are able to manipulate almost any sounds including soft synthesizers. These MIDI instrument allows for us data that can be captured by a midi sequencer.
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=== How MIDI Works and Specifications ===
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When the '''sequencer''' plays the data back, the original recorded version is recreated. From this original recording we are able to change pitch, tempo sounds, fix mistakes and more. We can now create rich musical texture by layering sounds from multiple MIDI devices and change the pitch. It is also now possible for one MIDI devices to control another MIDI device, which allows for more friendly using software m
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which in turn makes it more convenient. In order for MIDI devices from different manufacturers to work, different messages are sent as a kind of universal language to make all these functions possible these are called MIDI Messages.
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This Midi Specification determines how the hardware works, as well as determines the messages that can be transmitted down the MIDI cables. MIDI (as described previously) is a message based control protocol. These messages are constructed through “MIDI Bytes” which are smaller messages from a “Byte”. The bytes from MIDI are made from 8 bites. In the MIDI language, there are up to 256 different bytes which make use of a binary counting system and each have a specific purpose. By combining these Bytes, Midi messages are constructed. There are two basic sorts of messages that are used with MIDI, Channel and System.
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'''Channel Messages''' are used for controlling one or more of the 16 MIDI Channels or for controlling musical notes. And was originally created to connect keyboards together. The 16 instrumental sounds can be controlled at the same time. The messages can be kept separate in order for the different sounds to be heard are done son by MIDI Channels. There are several distinct channel message which each carries a specific meaning.
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'''<nowiki/>'Note On'''<nowiki/>' is one of the messages that are most commonly used. A message is sent whenever a note is played which can be done by usually pressing a key down on a keyboard. Each of these notes are is incorporated with characteristics of channel, pitch and velocity. The channel and polyphonic aftertouch is a message that is generally generated by a controller. This controls the sound that is produced after the key has been pressed down.
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'''Channel aftertouch''' controls the current sounding note where as polyphonic aftertouch affects only the note that is actually being pressed down. Some advanced keyboards are equipped to allow individual notes to have their own aftertouch response. This is a message that is not used as often as only the very expensive keyboards have this. The channel “is a number that identifies which of the 16 possible instrumental parts this messages is intended for.” Aftertouch causes some synthesisers beneath keyboards in order for it to tell the pressure of the key being pressed done so that it can produce the loudness of that specific note.
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The '''pitch bend''' send a message instructing the MIDI device o raise or lower the notes pitch i.e.: Bending the note. The key is what
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represents which key has been pressed. The way the note bends is dependent on the lever used it manipulate the sound such as the one seen in diagram One.
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Lastly, The '''velocity''' is the force at which you place the note on the controller, which measures the speed in order for the level of sound to be registered and the produced. Soft notes produce low MIDI velocity values while hard notes produce high values. (Roos, D 2008). The note being pressed is measure from numbers 0-127. This represents how as the key is pressed which activates these high or low MIDI values.
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There is also a MIDI message known as '''note-off.''' This message turns off a particular note. This message has the same aspects as note-on with regards to channel, pitch and velocity. However, the velocity through note-off refers to the speed that the key is released. One way of looking at this is that The MIDI note-on message is used for turning a currently playing MIDI note off. This therefore allows for slightly faster transmission of notes.
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When a MIDI device can select sounds in another MIDI device, this is known as '''Program Change'''. This message “is used for selecting different patches (or programs) on a piece of electronic music. This is very helpful onstage as it allows for you to change sounds in all of the connected MIDI deices without your hands leaving the instrument you’re playing. When MIDI was first invented in 1983, having a sequencer to remember the sounds you want to play and automatically select for the receiving device was not possible. However, today we have this and more. With program changes, keyboards now have over 100 sounds to choose from. This Program Change carries the values such of channels in order for the instrumental sounds to work in its best form.
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The last MIDI specification is known as the '''Control Change Messenger'''. This control change or “CC” messages cover a wide range of behaviours that can be controlled via MIDI. This is most probably the most complex channel message as it does not only represent one message but rather a set. We use many “controls” in order to manipulate certain sounds on real instruments such as pedals on a piano to increase the reverb. Control Change messengers help to make these characteristics alive in electronic
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devices such as MIDI.
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Even today we have wheels and sliders to create different sounds, which are all possible because of this message. Today Controller type Message includes the modulation wheel, breath controller, master volume, stereo panning, sustain pedal and reverb level. The way in which this works is the desires parameter’s control change is transmitted to the receiving device to let it know of the specifications that will be involved and the desired value is then transmitted. This Control change can act as override –that sets the parameter to the transmitted value. -Or offset- that adjusts the parameter up or down by the values amount.
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=== Midi Limitations ===
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Overall, MIDI has been a large factor in advancing music production today. However it does have its limits. MIDI is built around keyboard pitch, as it was an idea based in in the 1980’s technology. This limitation does not support sound in a sense, as it is a control protocol intended for the connection of keyboards. MIDI has a limited bandwidth as it only transmits three byte note messages in one millisecond. This means that a MIDI system can only cope with 500 notes and although this may seem like a large amount this also means that other data can interfere on making software slower.
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=== Conclusion ===
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Although MIDI has its limitations, we must not forget that it has promoted itself within the music industry. It is now available to more people as the music industry has provided the markets with low cost electronic equipment. The variety of musical sounds we can hear are growing every day which allow people to find a new style in music. Trough MIDI Messages, we are now exposed to more technical aspects in which we can change sound to suit a preference therefore the MIDI is has changed and is still continuing to change the way in which music is produced.
==References==
==References==
−
{{reflist}}
+
{{reflist
|Roos, D. 2008. How Stuff Works. (Online). Available: <http://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/midi.htm. (2012 March 19) = Hoskin, D. 2011. Midi. An Introduction to Music Technology. New York: Madison. 125-138.|Kirk R and Hunt, A. 1999. Digital Sound Processing for Music and Multimedia. Oxford: Reed education and professional publishing Ltd. = MIDI Manufactures. 2006. An Introduction to MIDI. Roland Corporations U.S.
}}
Roos, D. 2008. How Stuff Works. (Online). Available:
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<nowiki><http://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/midi.htm. (2012 March 19)</nowiki>
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Hoskin, D. 2011. Midi. An Introduction to Music Technology.
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New York: Madison. 125-138.
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Kirk R and Hunt, A. 1999. Digital Sound Processing for Music and Multimedia. Oxford: Reed education and professional publishing Ltd.
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Hewlett, W and Selfridge-field, E. 1997. MIDI. Cooper, D. Field, B. Ng, K and Sitter, P. (eds). Beyond MIDI: The handbook of musical codes. Center for computer assited research in the humanities
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[[Category:MIDI|*]]
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MIDI Manufactures. 2006. An Introduction to MIDI. Roland Corporations U.S.
[[Category:MIDI|*]]
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