Created page with "='''Step-by-step South Dakota research 1880--1905'''= '''South Dakota''' Image:Gotoarrow.png '''Step-by-step online research 18..."
New page
='''Step-by-step South Dakota research 1880--1905'''=
'''[[user:hanna5974/Sandbox/a South Dakota plan|South Dakota]]''' [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] '''Step-by-step online research 1880--1905''' <br>
[[User:Hanna5974/Sandbox/A SD how to page|'''Step-by-step research 1905--present''']] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] '''Step-by-step research 1880--1905''' <br>[[User:Hanna5974/Sandbox/A SD how to page 3|'''Step-by-step research 1817--1849''']][[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] '''Step-by-step research 1880--1905'''
A suggested approach to genealogy research in South Dakota online family history records.
{| style="border:5px ridge darkblue; width:100%; margin:auto"
|-
! style="font-size:14pt; color:darkblue"| <br>
<center>'''Step-by-step South Dakota Research 1880--1905<br><br> Table of Contents'''</center>
|-
|
:'''[[User:Hanna5974/Sandbox/A SD how to page 2#Step 1: Search the 1880, 1885, 1895, 1900, and 1905 census records online.|1. Online census records.]]'''
:'''[[User:Hanna5974/Sandbox/A SD how to page 2#Step 2: Using all the death date information, try to find additional details about your ancestors in Social Security, obituary and cemetery records online.|2. Obituary and cemetery records online.]]'''
:'''[[User:Hanna5974/Sandbox/A SD how to page 2#Step 3: Search delayed birth certificates and county birth and marriage records online.|3. Births and marriages online.]]'''
:'''[[User:Hanna5974/Sandbox/A SD how to page 2#Step 4: Search school records online.|4. School records online.]]'''
:'''[[User:Hanna5974/Sandbox/A SD how to page 2#Step 5: Search military records: World War I draft cards and Civil War pension records online.|5. Military records online.]]'''
:'''[[User:Hanna5974/Sandbox/A SD how to page 2#Step 6: Search a printed local history or biography online.|6. Printed local histories or biographies online.]]'''
:'''[[User:Hanna5974/Sandbox/A SD how to page 2#Step 7: If your ancestor was an immigrant, search immigration and naturalization records online.|7. Immigration and naturalization records online.]]'''
:'''[[User:Hanna5974/Sandbox/A SD how to page 2#Step 8: Write to a county for wills and probate indexes.|8. Wills and probate.]]'''
:'''[[User:Hanna5974/Sandbox/A SD how to page 2#Step 9: Search land records online.|9. Land records online.]]
:'''[[User:Hanna5974/Sandbox/A SD how to page 2#Step 10: Contact a county historical or genealogical society.|10. Historical or genealogical societies.]]'''
:'''[[User:Hanna5974/Sandbox/A SD how to page 2#Step 11: Move ahead to the instructions for 1817-1849 and use searches described there, applying them to this time period.|11. Records for 1817-1849.]]'''
<center>
{| style="border:3px solid DarkBlue"
|-
| style="background:Wheat; font-size:14px" |'''If Your Family Was German'''
|}
</center>
:'''[[User:Hanna5974/Sandbox/A SD how to page 2#Step 12: If your family was German, search Germans from Russia record collections online.|12. Germans from Russia online collections.]]'''
<center>
{| style="border:3px solid DarkBlue"
|-
| style="background:Wheat; font-size:14px" |'''If Your Family Was Native American'''
|}
</center>
:'''[[User:Hanna5974/Sandbox/A SD how to page 2#Step 13: If your family was Native American, search Indian agency records online.|13. Indian agency records online.]]'''
<center>
{| style="border:3px solid DarkBlue"
|-
| style="background:Wheat; font-size:16px; padding:10px" |
[[User:Hanna5974/Sandbox/A SD how to page 2#After online research, continue your adventure at the Family History Library or a Family History Center.|'''Continue your adventure <br>at a Family History Center.''']]
|}
|}
<br>
<br>
<center>
{| style="border:3px solid DarkBlue"
|-
| style="background:Wheat; font-size:16px; padding:15px" |
'''In this period of South Dakota, statewide civil registration had not begun, and so census records become the most valuable record. One highlight in South Dakota research is the existence of state census records. Coupled with U.S. censuses, it is possible to look at the makeup of families every '''five''' years.'''
|}
</center>
=====See also, [[User:hanna5974/Sandbox/How to use computer-generated hints|How to use computer-generated hints.]]=====
==='''Step 1: Search the 1880, 1885, 1895, 1900, and 1905 census records online.'''===
A census is a count and description of the population of a country, state, county, or city for a given date. A census took a "snapshot" of a family on a certain day. For each person living in a household you might find (depending on the year) their name, age, birthplace, relationship to head of household, place of birth for father and mother, citizenship status, year of immigration, mother of how many children and number of children living, native language, and whether they were military veteran.
To learn the basics about what a census is, and tips for searching it effectively, first read [[United States Census Records for Beginners|'''United States Census Records for Beginners''']].
Look at the samples of census records below. Then you will want to find your family members in every possible census, using these convenient links:
*[https://familysearch.org/search/collection/1417683 1880]
*[http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=6247 1885 territorial census] ($)
*[http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=6120 1895 state census] ($)
*[https://familysearch.org/search/collection/1325221 1900]
*{{RecordSearch|1477737| 1905 state census}}
(The 1890 census was destroyed in a fire.)
==== '''United States census records''' ====
*Here are samples of 1900 and 1880 United States census records. You can see all the different information you can glean from this record once you find your family in the census.
[[File:United States 1880 Census (11-0629).jpg|thumb|center|700px]] <br>
[[File:1900 United States Census.jpg|thumb|center|700px]]
*You will want to find and keep notes on census records from every census during each ancestor's lifetime. Most of the records you find will be printable.
*With the census records you will be able to estimate approximate birth dates and marriage dates. These records will lead you to new searches because you will find the identities of other members of the family. You will find clues to other states and countries your family lived in before coming to South Dakota.
*'''The 1900 census is particularly helpful because it states month and year of birth, how many children a woman has born, the year of immigration to the U.S., among other things.'''
==== '''South Dakota state census records''' ====
*Click on these links to see some example of typical state census records:
**[http://interactive.ancestry.com/6247/41247_018375-00446/28551?backurl=http%3a%2f%2fsearch.ancestry.com%2f%2fcgi-bin%2fsse.dll%3findiv%3d1%26db%3dSDTerritorial1885%26gss%3dangs-d%26new%3d1%26rank%3d1%26msT%3d1%26gsfn%3djohn%26MSAV%3d1%26uidh%3d7h4%26pcat%3d35%26fh%3d261%26h%3d28551%26recoff%3d9%26fsk%3dBEHDumgIgAAYZwAABT0-61-%26bsk%3d%26pgoff%3d11%26ml_rpos%3d262&ssrc=&backlabel=ReturnRecord '''1885 South Dakota census example''']
**[http://interactive.ancestry.com/6120/95330704/15154?backurl=http%3a%2f%2fsearch.ancestry.com%2f%2fcgi-bin%2fsse.dll%3findiv%3d1%26db%3dSD1895%26gss%3dangs-d%26new%3d1%26rank%3d1%26msT%3d1%26gsfn%3djohn%26MSAV%3d1%26uidh%3d7h4%26pcat%3d35%26fh%3d9%26h%3d15154%26recoff%3d7%26ml_rpos%3d10&ssrc=&backlabel=ReturnRecord '''1895 South Dakota census example''']
**[https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MM4V-7WH '''1905 South Dakota census example'''] <br>
*'''Next you will use all the clues you find in the census records to search for birth, marriage, and death records. Possibly the clues you find in the certificates will lead you back to look in the census records again for new names you discover.'''
==='''Step 2: Using all the death date information, try to find additional details about your ancestors in Social Security, obituary and cemetery records online.''' ===
==== '''U.S. Social Security Death Index''' ====
The U.S. Social Security program began in 1935, and everyone who had a number and/or applied for benefits is listed in this index. The entries give the person's full birth date, last known residence, and residence at the time they first enrolled. Women are listed with their married name, and so it is a little more successful locating men. You can search these records online at {{RecordSearch|1202535|United States Social Security Death Index}} begins 1962. Also at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=3693 Ancestry.com] 1935-2014, ($), index.
[[Image:South Dakota Social Security record.png|thumb|center|500px]]
===='''Obituaries and cemeteries'''====
*Frequently, a death is announced in the newspaper with an obituary.
*These records frequently supply missing birth or death dates and name the parents of the deceased.
*Obituaries usually name family members, their spouses, their current residences, and whether they died before the person or are still surviving.
*Cemetery records may only give the names and dates stated on the tombstone, but in the case of FindAGrave, sometimes pictures of the deceased, children's or parents' names and links to their graves, and marriage information have been added.
*Frequently family members are buried in the same cemetery or even in neighboring plots.
*Try these South Dakota links:
===== '''Obituaries''' =====
*[http://www.ancestorhunt.com/south_dakota_newspaper_obituaries.htm Ancestor Hunt South Dakota Obituaries]
*[http://obituarieshelp.org/south_dakota_newspaper_obituaries.html South Dakota Obituaries Help]. '''Click [http://www.lcherald.com/page.php?22 here] to see an example.''' In this site, you will select a newspaper, then select the "Obituaries" link at that newspaper. Sometimes there is a required subscription fee.
*[http://www.obitlinkspage.com/obit/sd.htm ObituaryLinks South Dakota], index. This site gives lots of death record "how-to" advice before you come to obituary links. Scroll down quite a way to find the obituary links. '''Click [http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~sdpotter/obitsmain.htm?cj=1&netid=cj&o_xid=0002390503&o_lid=0002390503&o_sch=Affiliate+External here] to see at example.'''
===== '''Cemeteries''' =====
Different organizations will have recorded different cemeteries. Don't be discouraged if your first search is a dead end. Check out each collection.
*[http://apps.sd.gov/applications/DT58Cemetery/ South Dakota Cemetery Record Search].
*[http://interment.net/us/sd/index.htm South Dakota Cemetery Records at Interment.net]. '''Click [http://interment.net/data/us/sd/harding/shortpine/shortpine.htm here] to see an example.'''
*[http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi Findagrave.com South Dakota Cemetery Records]. '''Click [http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=138665331 here] to see an example.'''
*[http://billiongraves.com/pages/search/#country=United+States&state=South+Dakota&county=0&search_text=&action=search_cemetery Billiongraves.com South Dakota Cemeteries].
*[http://www.usgwtombstones.org/southdakota/sdakota.html USGenWeb South Dakota Tombstone Transcription Project]. '''Click [http://files.usgwarchives.net/sd/washabaugh/cemetery/hope.txt here] to see an example.'''
*[http://www.idreamof.com/cemetery/sd.html I Dream of Genealogy South Dakota Cemeteries]<br>
This example of an online cemetery record is from FindAGrave"
[[File:FindAGrave sample.png|600px|center]]
==='''Step 3: Search delayed birth certificates and county birth and marriage records online.'''===
States, counties, or even towns in some states recorded births, marriages, and deaths. You have probably seen these types of certificates and have your own. In addition to the child's name, birthdate, and place of birth, a birth certificate may give the birthplaces of the parents, their ages, and occupations. A death certificate may give the person's birth date and place, parents' names and birthplaces, and spouse's name.
Civil registration of births and marriages at the state level started in 1905. Prior to that the individual counties kept the records. The starting dates of those records vary from county to county, depending on when the county was formed. The state also invited citizens born before 1905 to file delayed birth records. All of these records were collected by the state. They may be found in the '''[https://familysearch.org/search/collection/2549807 FamilySearch record: South Dakota, Department of Health, Birth and Marriage Indexes, 1843-2014.]'''
===='''Samples of index entries====
{|
|-
|style="vertical-align:top"|[[File:Birth index sample South Dakota.png|thumb|500px|<center>'''South Dakota birth index, FamilySearch]]
|[[File:Marriage index South Dakota .png|thumb|500px|<center>'''South Dakota marriage index, FamilySearch]]
|}
===='''Birth records lead to other searches'''====
*Once you find a birth record, supposing you did not know the parents name before, you can now go back and search census records again for the whole family.
*You can also search the index for other children's birth records, by leaving the given name out of the search engine and adding the parents' names.
*If the birth record is late enough, you can search the index for the parents' names as children, and perhaps find their birth records also.
*You can search for the parents' marriage record now. You could also look for the marriage of each child in the family.
===='''Marriage records lead to other searches'''====
*Usually, the best thing about locating a marriage record is finding the wife's maiden name. You can now look for her, hopefully living in her parents' home, in census records prior to the marriage date.
==='''Step 4: Search school records online.'''===
*School records, including teacher's term reports, school census, and attendance records are located at the South Dakota State Historical Society in Pierre, and indexed online. Records are generally arranged by county, year and school district number. This collection is being published as images become available. Frequently, the child's name, full birthdate, parents' names, and street address are given. Click below to search the records. <br>
*{{RecordSearch|1389778|South Dakota, School Records, 1879-1970}} Images.
*[http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=60158 South Dakota, School Records, 1879-1970] ($)
==='''Step 5: Search military records: World War I draft cards and Civil War pension records online.'''===
*There are many different types of military records, some covered in online collections, some microfilmed, and some requiring ordering from government repositories with a fee. If you would like to learn more about them, read the [[U.S. Military Records Class Handout|'''U.S. Military Records Class Handout''']]. Information in them can vary from a simple lists of name, age, and residence, to more detailed records including name, residence, age, occupation, marital status, birthplace, physical description, number of dependents, pensions received, disabled veterans, needy veterans, widows or orphans of veterans, and other information.
*One of the most helpful military records is the '''draft registration of 1917-1918'''. Men born between 1873-1897 were registered for the draft for World War I. The cards give birth date, birth place., residence, occupation, employer, physical description, next of kin, usually the wife or mother, and number of dependents. Search for any of your male relatives born in this time period at {{RecordSearch|1968530|'''U.S. WW I Draft Registration Cards, 1917-1918'''}}.
*Here is an example of a typical draft card.
<div style="position:relative; top:30 px; left:350px">
[[File:WWI draft card.jpg|1000px|thumb|right|<center> '''World War I Draft Registration''']]
</div>
*{{RecordSearch|1922519|'''United States Civil War Widows and Other Dependents Pension Files, 1861-1934'''}} This collection indexes approved pension case files of widows and other dependents of soldiers submitted between 1861 and 1934 and sailors between 1910 and 1934. The wife's maiden name is used along with her married name.
[[File:Civil War widow's pension.png|thumb|600px|<center>'''Civil War Widows and Other Dependents Pension Files index, FamilySearch '''</center>]]
*{{RecordSearch|1979426|'''U.S., Remarried Widows Index to Pension Applications, 1887-1942'''}}.
This collection consists of two card indexes to widows who had applied for a pension renewal. The first covers service between 1812-1860 and the second covers service in the Civil War and later. This is helpful in locating a woman in census and death records under her new surname.<br>
[[File:WWI Remarried Widow pension.png|thumb|600px|<center>'''Remarried Widows Index to Pension Applications, 1887-1942, FamilySearch</center> ''']]
*This record might help by naming a wife or widow of a Revolutionary War veteran who settled in South Dakota: {{RecordSearch|1417475|U.S., Revolutionary War Pension and Bounty Land Warrant Applications, 1800-1900}} Index
*This record is comprised mostly of Native American names, year of birth, and date of enlistment: {{RecordSearch|1880762|U.S., Registers of Enlistments in the U.S. Army, 1798-1914}} Index and images.
*These records might help by naming a wife or widow of a veteran who settled in South Dakota:
**{{RecordSearch|1979425|U.S., Old War Pension Index, 1815-1926}} Index Only.
**{{RecordSearch|1979427|U.S., Index to Indian Wars Pension Files, 1892-1926}} Index only.
**{{RecordSearch|1979390|U.S., Mexican War Pension Index, 1887-1926}} Index only.
*For a more complete list of available online military records and indexes, see [https://familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/United_States_Military_Online_Genealogy_Records United States Online Military Records].
==='''Step 6: Search a printed local history or biography online. '''===
===='''Local histories'''====
*Published histories of towns, counties, and states usually contain biographies and accounts of early or prominent families. They describe the settlement of the area and the founding of churches, schools, and businesses.
*The authors usually invited the residents of the county to submit their personal family histories, in order to create an automatic market for the book. County residents whose families were in the book were sure to buy a copy.
*You can also find lists of pioneers, soldiers, and civil officials. Even if your ancestor is not listed, information on other relatives may be included that will provide important clues for locating your ancestor.
*Here are several websites the feature '''online copies of printed county histories:'''
**[https://www.hathitrust.org/about Hathi Trust Digital Library]. Don't use the keywords South Dakota; that will bring up too many hits. Just use the name of the county and "county": for example, "Hyde County"
**[https://books.google.com/ Google Books]. Use keywords "South Dakota" and the county name. Hits will list online readable books, lists of libraries that carry the book, and purchasing opportunities.
**[https://archive.org/index.php Internet Archive].Use keywords "South Dakota" and the county name.
**[http://www.genealogybooklinks.com/south_dakota.htm Genealogy Book Links, South Dakota]. Browse list; county histories are interspersed.
**[http://southdakota-genealogy.com/South-Dakota-Historical-Records.htm South Dakota Genealogy]. Don't use the sidebar county list; scroll down and, in the body of the article, find the list "'''County Historical Records'''". These county links lead directly to book listings.
**[http://search.ancestry.com/search/CardCatalog.aspx#ccat=hc=25&dbSort=1&sbo=1& Ancestry.com], ($). In the Card Catalog search box, use South Dakota and the name of the county.
*Local histories are extensively collected by the [[Family History Library|Family History Library]], public and university libraries, and state and local historical societies. If you have access to the [[Family History Library|Family History Library]] or a [[Family History Centers|Family History Center]], you can find out about local histories the library has by checking the [https://familysearch.org/catalog-search FamilySearch Catalog]. In the "place" field, type the name of your county and select it from the drop down list, then click "Search". A list of subheadings for the county will appear. Local histories containing genealogies and biographies will be found under Biography, Genealogy, History, and History - Indexes.
*Also, in '''[[User:Hanna5974/Sandbox/A SD how to page 2#Step 10: Contact a county historical or genealogical society.|Step 10]]''', you will be contacting a county history society. The society probably has a good selection of printed histories about the area. They may be able to search them for you for a fee.
===='''Biographies'''====
These collections of South Dakota biographies can be searched online. Most have a table of contents and an index. Or you can use the "Find" function on your computer.
*[http://usgwarchives.net/sd/biography/bios.htm SDGenWeb Biographies] Includes biographies from ''History of South Dakota''.
*[http://history.sd.gov/archives/Data/bioindex/index.aspx Biographical Index of South Dakotans].
*[http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=26120 Doane Robinson's encyclopedia of South Dakota], ($), index/images
*[http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=njp.32101060825039;view=1up;seq=9 History of South Dakota / by Doane Robinson, together with personal mention of citizens of South Dakota. v. 1], [http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=njp.32101060825021;view=1up;seq=9 Vol. 2]
*[http://www.usgwarchives.net/sd/biography/memor.htm Biographies from the Memorial and Biographical Record]
*[http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=wu.89064894397;view=1up;seq=12 Memorial and biographical record; ... including biographical sketches of...prominent old settlers and representative citizens of South Dakota.... ]
*[http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.31924092232648;view=1up;seq=15 History of Dakota Territory: South Dakota; its history and its people Vol.1], [http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433081842803;view=1up;seq=21 Vol. 2], [http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433081842811;view=1up;seq=11 Vol. 3], [http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433081842837;view=1up;seq=1 Vol. 4], [http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433081842829;view=1up;seq=9 Vol. 5]
*[http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.hx54qu;view=1up;seq=7 History of southeastern Dakota, ....biographical sketches of the pioneers and business men,... ]
*[http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433081824884;view=1up;seq=173 Warner's history of Dakota County, Nebraska, from the days of the pioneers and first settlers to the present time, with biographical sketches, and anecdotes of ye olden times]
Here is an example of the genealogical information you might find in South Dakota history with biographies:
<div style="position:relative; left:300px">
[[File:Typical published biography.jpg|thumb|800px|<center> Typical biography from History of South Dakota / by Doane Robinson </center>]]
</div>
==='''Step 7: If your ancestor was an immigrant, search immigration and naturalization records online.'''===
The census records may show that your ancestor was born in another country. It will be necessary to try to find the town or city they were born in to continue research in that country. So searches of immigration records (usually passenger lists) and naturalization (citizenship) records are the next goal. Immigration refers to people coming into a country, such as the United States, and emigration refers to people leaving a country to go to another. Usually these records are passenger lists of the ships they sailed on. A typical record will show name, age, and country of origin, but many times you can find the actual town of birth, the next of kin still living in the old country and their residence, and the names of relatives in the place they are traveling to.
====Census clues to Immigration records====
Census records can provide important clues about nationality and immigration. This chart lists data that can be found in each of the census records. Gather the information in the census records specifically about immigration, as it will help narrow down your search.
{| style="border:3px solid green; width:70%; align:center"
|-
| style="border:1px solid green; align:center" colspan="2" | <center>'''Immigration and Naturalization Found in the U.S.Census by Year'''<br> (other smaller details also given but not listed here)</center>
|
|-
! style="border:1px solid green; text-align:center; width:25%" | <center>Year of census</center>
! style="border:1px solid green; text-align:center; width:75%" | <center>Immigration and Naturalization Information </center>
|-
| style="border:1px solid green; text-align:center" | 1870
| style="border:1px solid green;" |
*Whether father and mother are of foreign birth
|-
| style="border:1px solid green; text-align:center" | 1880
| style="border:1px solid green;" |
*Place of birth for father and mother
|-
| style="border:1px solid green; text-align:center" | 1900
| style="border:1px solid green; align:center" |
*Place of birth for father and mother
*Naturalization status: alien, papers submitted, or naturalized
*Year of immigration to U.S.
*How many years lived in U.S.
|-
| style="border:1px solid green; text-align:center" | 1910
| style="border:1px solid green; align:center" |
*Place of birth for father and mother
*Naturalization status: alien, papers submitted, or naturalized
*Year of immigration to U.S.
|-
| style="border:1px solid green; text-align:center" | 1920
| style="border:1px solid green; align:center" |
*Place of birth for father and mother
*Naturalization status: alien, papers submitted, or naturalized
*Year of immigration to U.S.
*Year of naturalization
*Native language
*Native language of father and mother
|-
| style="border:1px solid green; text-align:center" | 1930
| style="border:1px solid green; align:center" |
*Place of birth for father and mother
*Naturalization status: alien, papers submitted, or naturalized
*Year of immigration to U.S.
*Native language
|-
| style="border:1px solid green; text-align:center" | 1940
| style="border:1px solid green; align:center" |
*Naturalization status: alien, papers submitted, or naturalized
|}
===='''Immigration records'''====
There are too many immigration records to list here. Click [[United States Immigration Online Genealogy Records|here]] to see a complete list of available immigration records online. Notice that they are listed by state, but under the letter "U" there is a long list of records that cover all of the United States. Unless family information tells you the port where family arrived, you will need to search all of the [[United States Immigration Online Genealogy Records|United States Immigration Online Genealogy Records]] for the time period when your ancestors arrived.
In this [http://interactive.ancestry.com/7488/NYT715_792-0396/4013594401?backurl=http%3a%2f%2fsearch.ancestry.com%2f%2fcgi-bin%2fsse.dll%3fgss%3dangs-c%26new%3d1%26rank%3d1%26gsln%3dhepper%26msapn__ftp%3dNew%2bYork%252c%2bUSA%26msapn%3d35%26msapn_PInfo%3d5-%257c0%257c1652393%257c0%257c2%257c3244%257c35%257c0%257c0%257c0%257c0%257c%26cp%3d0%26MSAV%3d1%26uidh%3d7h4%26pcat%3dIMG_PASSLISTS%26h%3d4013594401%26recoff%3d9%26db%3dnypl%26indiv%3d1%26ml_rpos%3d43&ssrc=&backlabel=ReturnRecord example of a passenger list], you see at #22, the family of Eduard Hepper of Gross Liebenthal travelling to Java, South Daokta.
===='''Naturalization (Citizenship) Records====
Naturalization is the process of becoming a citizen. Records can include the immigrant's declaration of intent to become a citizen, applications for citizenship, and final citizenship papers. The records can show birth date and place, spouse's name, marriage date and place, and lists of children with their birth dates. [https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.3.1/TH-1942-33214-8273-42?cc=2078640&wc=MCYZ-366:357892101,357977101 Click here] to view examples of declaration of intent records and the information they give.
South Dakota naturalization records are organized by county. Look for them in any county where the person lived, unless the census tells you the year they were naturalized, and you have evidence of where they lived that year.
===='''South Dakota Naturalization and Citizenship Online Records'''====
*{{RecordSearch|2078640|South Dakota County Naturalization Records, 1865-1972}}
*[http://history.sd.gov/Archives/Data/Naturalization/FirstPapersSearch.aspx South Dakota Naturalization Records Index:First Papers].
*[http://history.sd.gov/Archives/Data/Naturalization/SecondPapersSearch.aspx South Dakota Naturalization Records Index:Second Papers].
==='''Step 8: Write to a county for wills and probate indexes.'''===
*"'''Probate''' is the legal process through which an individual’s real estate (property) and personal estate (possessions) are distributed to his or her heirs, whether or not there is a will. '''Testate''' is the term used when a will existed in the settling of the estate. ''' Intestate''' is the term used when there was no will written and the court decides how the estate is to be distributed.
*"Not everyone in the United States wrote a will or went through probate. Nearly 10% of the pre-1900 adult population made wills, usually males with property. Before 1900, about 25% of estates were probated, even though no will had been written. '''However, this percentage is higher for rural areas because that is where the land was owned.'''
*"The single most important value of probate records is the '''proof of relationships'''. In a will, people are identified as a wife, son, daughter, nephew, niece, brother, sister, etc. If there is no will, the distribution is made by the court to the heirs who are usually family members. Other helpful and interesting information that may be learned from probate files are: date and place of death, name of the spouse and other possible family members and relationships, location of the heirs, property ownership, and guardianship of minor children." Jill Shoemaker, [[U.S. Probate Records Class Handout|U.S. Probate Records Class Handout]]
===='''County probate records====
*South Dakota probate records include probate proceedings, petitions, affidavits, orders for sales, reports of sales, administrators' and executors' bonds, guardianship papers, wills, and letters of administration. In a will book, usually just a transcription of the will is recorded. But all of these other records are kept in a '''probate packet'''. '''Administrations''' are probate proceedings that handled an estate if no known will existed.
*Currently, these counties are microfilmed and digitized:
:[https://familysearch.org/search/collection/1392773 South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Probate Case Records, 1873-1935]. Also at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=9081 Ancestry.com] ($).
:[https://familysearch.org/search/collection/1389957 South Dakota, Pennington County Probate Case Files, 1880-1937]. Also at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=9081 Ancestry.com] ($)
:[http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=9081 South Dakota, Marshall County Probate Records], ($).<br>
<br>
*Eventually more of these records will become available online.
**Watch [https://familysearch.org/search/collection/list/?page=1&countryId=45 FamilySearch Historical Records--South Dakota] for updates on their collection.
**Watch [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=9081 Ancestry.com--North Dakota and South Dakota, Wills and Probate Records, 1800-1985] which has begun posting a new collection of probate records "brought together from multiple courthouses over time to give you a single source to search." <br>
*In the meantime, this online directory by GenealogyInc. will enable you to arrange to have them searched for a fee: [http://www.genealogyinc.com/southdakota/ Click on the map] to select a county, then scroll down to the '''Courthouse and Government Records''' to find the address and phone number of the '''County Clerk of Court.''' Ask them about the years covered by their probate records and their procedure and fees for ordering copies probate packets. When you write, '''always ask for the full probate packet, not just the will or administration.'''
===='''Territorial probate records'''====
*Prior to statehood, probate records were kept by the Territorial Probate Court. Contact the Archives Division of the [http://history.sd.gov/Archives/ South Dakota Historical Society] for copies of territorial probate records.
==='''Step 9: Search land records online.'''===
*These records will give the name of the owner, the date they obtained the land, the county, and the exact location of the land. They can contain clues to family members who shared ownership of the land, sold or gave land to a child, or witnessed the sale. Sometimes they show the previous or new residence of the parties to the deed. They can be useful in tracking an ancestor who lived in more than one county in South Dakota. Then the probate and vital records of each county could be searched.
**[http://www.glorecords.blm.gov/default.aspx Bureau of Land Management Land Patents]
**[http://www.moodycountymuseum.com/Documents/BLM%20Homestead%20Records.pdf South Dakota Land Patents Database].
**[http://www.usgwarchives.net/sd/land/sdland.htm South Dakota BLM Database]
<div style="position:relative; left:150px">
A search of the Bureau of Land Management records gives results like this:
[[File:BLM search results.png|thumb|800px]]
</div>
==='''Step 10: Contact a county historical or genealogical society.'''===
*County historical societies have collections that are frequently little known and often overlooked. Many have a surname file, where they have collected genealogies, newspaper clippings, old photographs, etc. Many have a sort of "pioneer ancestor" program, where people can submit pedigrees to prove they are the descendants of an early resident of the county. Most keep track of queries about families that once lived in the area from other distant relatives who may actually have more family memorabilia than you.
*If you can find the society on the internet, they may list their holdings. Or call them on the phone, find out what they have, and find out what arrangements can be made to search their collection. Frequently, you can hire one of their members to search the collection for you.
This online directory by GenealogyInc. lists historical and genealogical societies by county: [http://www.genealogyinc.com/southdakota/ Click on the map] to select a county, then scroll down to the historical or genealogical society listings.
Here is an example of an internet website for a local genealogical society. Notice that it gives details on how to pay for searching services.
<div style="position:relative; left:130px">
[[File:Rapid City GS Home page trimmed.png|thumb|700px|<center> Home Page<center>]]
[[File:Rapid City GS records trimmed.png|thumb|700px|<center> Records Page<center>]]
</div>
=== '''Step 11: Move ahead to the instructions for 1817-1849 and use searches described there, applying them to this time period.''' ===
These steps should work for you almost always, but they are not foolproof. Next, you will try some additional records described in the instructions for '''[[User:Hanna5974/Sandbox/A SD how to page 3|Step-by-step South Dakota Research 1817--1849]]''', many of which can also be applied to this time period if necessary. Records about the next earlier generation of the family might give more clues to other searches also.
==='''Step 12: If your family was German, search Germans from Russia record collections online.'''===
{| style="border:3px solid DarkBlue"
|-
| style="background:Wheat; font-size:18px" |'''If Your Family Was German'''
|}
In the late 1800s and early 1900s, there was a mass migration from German colonies in the Black Sea region of Russia to the state of South Dakota. Almost always, if your ancestors were German and lived in South Dakota, they were Black Sea Germans from Russia. You can search a fairly complete collection of the parish registers of German churches in South Dakota at [http://www.odessa3.org/collections/churches/ the Odessa3 website] of the Germans from Russia Society for births, marriages, and deaths. [http://www.odessa3.org/collections/churches/link/java-fgb.txt Click here] to see a sample of the records.
==='''Step 13: If your family was Native American, search Indian agency records online.'''===
{| style="border:3px solid DarkBlue"
|-
| style="background:Wheat; font-size:18px" |'''If Your Family Was Native American'''
|}
*If your ancestor was Native American, there are Indian Agency [[How to Find South Dakota Birth Records#Bureau_of_Indian_Affairs_Birth_Records|birth records]] and [[How to Find South Dakota Marriage Records#American_Indian_Agency_Marriage_Records|marriage records]] and [[How to Find South Dakota Death Records#Bureau_of_Indian_Affairs_Death_Records|death records.]] Click on each type of record in the previous sentence for numbers of microfilm records which can be searched at the [https://familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/Family_History_Library Family History Library] or your local [https://familysearch.org/locations/ Family History Center].
==='''After online research, continue your adventure at the Family History Library or a Family History Center.'''===
*Search the catalog of the [https://familysearch.org/catalog-search '''FamilySearch'''] collection.
Records are catalogued by location. Do these three searches for each place: South Dakota; the county (or counties) where your ancestors lived; and the town (or towns) where they lived. After clicking on "Search", you will next see a list of topics. Click on any topic, and the list will expand to show the records available.
*Records listed can then be viewed at the [[Family History Library|'''Family History Library''']] or a [[Family History Centers|'''Family History Center''']], <br>
*Search by state.
[[File:Search by state.png|600px|thumb]]
*Search by county.
[[File:Search by county.png|600px|thumb]]
*Search by town.
[[File:Search by town.png|600px|thumb]]
*Expanded list of library holdings.
[[File:Screen Shot 2015-09-09 at 12.32.42 PM.png|600px|thumb]]
__NOTOC__