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The first European contact in the area came from none other than Lewis and Clark, who sailed along the Columbia River just north of where Portland lies today in 1805; after a year of exploration they finally reached the Pacific Ocean just to the west. The reports from their expedition fueled interest in the area, and settlers came to stake their claim. Two of those settlers were William Overton and his friend Asa Lovejoy, a lawyer from Boston, who came across the spot where Portland now sits and jointly began to build a settlement. Later, Overton sold his share to F. W. Pettygrove, a man from [[Portland (Maine)|Portland, Maine]]. As of this point, the area was being transformed from a small stopping point between [[Oregon City]] and [[Vancouver (Washington)|Vancouver, Washington]] to a formal settlement, and the owners now needed to give it a name. Both Lovejoy and Pettygrove wanted to name the new town after their respective hometowns; so in 1845 they decided to leave it up to a coin toss and Pettygrove won two times out of three.
The first European contact in the area came from none other than Lewis and Clark, who sailed along the Columbia River just north of where Portland lies today in 1805; after a year of exploration they finally reached the Pacific Ocean just to the west. The reports from their expedition fueled interest in the area, and settlers came to stake their claim. Two of those settlers were William Overton and his friend Asa Lovejoy, a lawyer from Boston, who came across the spot where Portland now sits and jointly began to build a settlement. Later, Overton sold his share to F. W. Pettygrove, a man from [[Portland (Maine)|Portland, Maine]]. As of this point, the area was being transformed from a small stopping point between [[Oregon City]] and [[Vancouver (Washington)|Vancouver, Washington]] to a formal settlement, and the owners now needed to give it a name. Both Lovejoy and Pettygrove wanted to name the new town after their respective hometowns; so in 1845 they decided to leave it up to a coin toss and Pettygrove won two times out of three.
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In 1851, Portland was formally incorporated and was growing rapidly; its proximity to the rivers, which funneled a trade with San Francisco to the south, combined by the local fishing, lumber, and agriculture industries fueled Portland's early growth. The railroad arrived in the 1880s, and for a time Portland was the largest city on the west coast north of San Francisco; however the Klondike Gold Rush and the arrival of the railroad to Washington state meant Seattle quickly eclipsed Portland's growth.
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In 1851, Portland was formally incorporated and was growing rapidly; its proximity to the rivers, which funneled a trade with San Francisco to the south, combined by the local fishing, lumber, and agriculture industries fueled Portland's early growth. The railroad arrived in the 1880s, and for a time Portland was the largest city on the west coast north of San Francisco; however the Klondike Gold Rush and the arrival of the railroad to
[[
Washington
(
state
)|Washington state]]
meant Seattle quickly eclipsed Portland's growth.
Portland persisted as a booming railroad, lumber and steel town for several decades. During the 1970s, however, Portland began to gain a reputation for progressive urban planning practices, adopting policies such as an urban growth boundary and constructing new parks in a push to maintain the central neighborhoods as active places in light of suburban development. Through the 70s and into the 80s, Portland became a center for counterculture, growing into a hub for punk and indie rock music, zine publishing, and activist movements. The dot-com boom of the 90s brought an influx of modern tech companies along with the so-called "creative class", who remained even after the economic bubble burst. By this point, the city's progressive policies and politics had won the city a special status among urban designers, environmentalists, and political activists as a very forward-thinking city, which has only fueled further growth and development of the metropolitan area.
Portland persisted as a booming railroad, lumber and steel town for several decades. During the 1970s, however, Portland began to gain a reputation for progressive urban planning practices, adopting policies such as an urban growth boundary and constructing new parks in a push to maintain the central neighborhoods as active places in light of suburban development. Through the 70s and into the 80s, Portland became a center for counterculture, growing into a hub for punk and indie rock music, zine publishing, and activist movements. The dot-com boom of the 90s brought an influx of modern tech companies along with the so-called "creative class", who remained even after the economic bubble burst. By this point, the city's progressive policies and politics had won the city a special status among urban designers, environmentalists, and political activists as a very forward-thinking city, which has only fueled further growth and development of the metropolitan area.
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===By plane===
===By plane===
[[Image:Portland International Airport Concourse D - Oregon.JPG|thumb|250px|Portland International Airport]]
[[Image:Portland International Airport Concourse D - Oregon.JPG|thumb|250px|Portland International Airport]]
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{{marker|type=go|name=Portland International Airport|url=http://www2.portofportland.com/PDX|lat=45.589026|long=-122.593396}} ({{IATA|PDX}}) is 9 mi (15 km) northeast of downtown, near the Columbia River. It is a dual-use air force base, which may cause confusion on some maps. Most major airlines serve Portland, though Alaska Airlines carries the most traffic through PDX, using Portland as a hub. Non-stop service is available to most major U.S. airport hubs, a lot of smaller cities in the Pacific Northwest (served by Alaska Airlines and United Express), and a limited number of international flights from Canada (Air Canada and Alaska Airlines), [[Frankfurt Airport|Frankfurt am Main]] (Condor), Reykjavik (Icelandair), Mexico (Alaska and Volaris), Tokyo and [[Amsterdam Schiphol]] (Delta). The following airlines serve Portland:
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{{marker|type=go|name=Portland International Airport|url=http://www2.portofportland.com/PDX|lat=45.589026|long=-122.593396}} ({{IATA|PDX}}) is 9 mi (15 km) northeast of downtown, near the Columbia River. It is a dual-use air force base, which may cause confusion on some maps. Most major airlines serve Portland, though Alaska Airlines carries the most traffic through PDX, using Portland as a hub. Non-stop service is available to most major U.S. airport hubs, a lot of smaller cities in the Pacific Northwest (served by Alaska Airlines and United Express), and a limited number of international flights from Canada (Air Canada and Alaska Airlines), [[Frankfurt Airport|Frankfurt am Main]] (Condor),
[[
Reykjavik
]]
(Icelandair),
[[
Mexico
]]
(Alaska and Volaris),
[[
Tokyo
]]
and [[Amsterdam Schiphol]] (Delta). The following airlines serve Portland:
*'''Concourse A''': Alaska Airlines
*'''Concourse A''': Alaska Airlines
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| phone= | tollfree= | fax=
| phone= | tollfree= | fax=
| hours= | price=
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| content='''[
http://www.amtrak.com
Amtrak]''' serves Portland Union Station, which is about a 15-minute walk from most places downtown. Union Station is well connected by public transit. It sits on the northern end of the transit mall, so many Trimet buses as well as the MAX Yellow and Green Lines stop nearby. Union Station is also across the street from the Greyhound depot.
+
| content='''[
[
Amtrak
]
]''' serves Portland Union Station, which is about a 15-minute walk from most places downtown. Union Station is well connected by public transit. It sits on the northern end of the transit mall, so many Trimet buses as well as the MAX Yellow and Green Lines stop nearby. Union Station is also across the street from the Greyhound depot.
}}
}}
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Three [[
Rail travel in the United States|
Amtrak]] routes serve Union Station:
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Three [[Amtrak]] routes serve Union Station:
* The '''''[[Amtrak Cascades]]''''' is the most frequent train, coming in from as far south as [[Eugene]] and as far north as [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]]. The ''Cascades'' offers certain amenities not available on the other two routes, such as wifi, more space for bikes, more power outlets, a bistro car serving Pacific Northwest foods and wine, and the occasional movie.
* The '''''[[Amtrak Cascades]]''''' is the most frequent train, coming in from as far south as [[Eugene]] and as far north as [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]]. The ''Cascades'' offers certain amenities not available on the other two routes, such as wifi, more space for bikes, more power outlets, a bistro car serving Pacific Northwest foods and wine, and the occasional movie.
* The '''''Coast Starlight''''' runs between [[Seattle]] and [[Los Angeles]]. Stops include [[Tacoma]], [[Olympia (Washington)|Olympia]], [[Salem (Oregon)|Salem]], [[Eugene]], [[Klamath Falls]], [[Redding]], [[Sacramento]], the [[Bay Area (California)|San Francisco Bay Area]], [[San Luis Obispo]], and [[Santa Barbara]]. Historically the ''Coast Starlight'' has been nicknamed "the ''Coast Star<u>late</u>''" due to its frequent, horrendously long delays, but its reliability drastically improved since about 2008.
* The '''''Coast Starlight''''' runs between [[Seattle]] and [[Los Angeles]]. Stops include [[Tacoma]], [[Olympia (Washington)|Olympia]], [[Salem (Oregon)|Salem]], [[Eugene]], [[Klamath Falls]], [[Redding]], [[Sacramento]], the [[Bay Area (California)|San Francisco Bay Area]], [[San Luis Obispo]], and [[Santa Barbara]]. Historically the ''Coast Starlight'' has been nicknamed "the ''Coast Star<u>late</u>''" due to its frequent, horrendously long delays, but its reliability drastically improved since about 2008.
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===By car===
===By car===
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The easiest road connection to Portland is the Interstate Highway System, especially '''Interstate 5''', which runs through Washington, Oregon, and California. Driving from the south, you can take exits to the southern part of downtown before I-5 crosses the Willamette River, or you can take the '''Interstate 405''' bypass to access the rest of downtown. From the north, you can take I-405 over the Fremont Bridge to cross the Willamette River and reach downtown, or take exits 302A or 300B and follow the City Center signs. '''Interstate 205''' is a bypass route that splits from I-5 and serves the eastern side of the Portland metro area.
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The easiest road connection to Portland is the Interstate Highway System, especially '''
[[
Interstate 5
]]
''', which runs through Washington, Oregon, and California. Driving from the south, you can take exits to the southern part of downtown before I-5 crosses the Willamette River, or you can take the '''Interstate 405''' bypass to access the rest of downtown. From the north, you can take I-405 over the Fremont Bridge to cross the Willamette River and reach downtown, or take exits 302A or 300B and follow the City Center signs. '''Interstate 205''' is a bypass route that splits from I-5 and serves the eastern side of the Portland metro area.
From northeastern Oregon, [[Boise]], and other points east, take '''Interstate 84'''. It follows the Columbia River on the Oregon side and terminates in the center of Portland, where it meets Interstate 5. '''U.S. Route 26''' comes to Portland from the Pacific coast (near [[Seaside (Oregon)|Seaside]] and [[Cannon Beach]]) in the west, as well as from central Oregon.
From northeastern Oregon, [[Boise]], and other points east, take '''Interstate 84'''. It follows the Columbia River on the Oregon side and terminates in the center of Portland, where it meets Interstate 5. '''U.S. Route 26''' comes to Portland from the Pacific coast (near [[Seaside (Oregon)|Seaside]] and [[Cannon Beach]]) in the west, as well as from central Oregon.