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<section begin="s2"/>'''PAJOL, CLAUDE PIERRE,''' Count (1772-1844), French
<section begin="s2"/>'''PAJOL, CLAUDE PIERRE,''' Count (1772-1844), French
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cavalry general, was born at Besanfon. The son of an advocate, he was intended to follow his father's profession, but the events of 1780 turned his mind in another direction. Joining the battalion of Besangon, he took part in the political events of that year, and in 1791 went to the army of the Upper Rhine with a volunteer battalion. He took part in the campaign of 1792 and was one of the stormers at Hochheim (
:793
). From Custine's staff he was transferred to that of Kleber, with whom
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cavalry general, was born at Besanfon. The son of an advocate, he was intended to follow his father's profession, but the events of 1780 turned his mind in another direction. Joining the battalion of Besangon, he took part in the political events of that year, and in 1791 went to the army of the Upper Rhine with a volunteer battalion. He took part in the campaign of 1792 and was one of the stormers at Hochheim (
1793
). From Custine's staff he was transferred to that of Kleber, with whom
he took part in the Sambre and Rhine Campaigns (1794-96).
he took part in the Sambre and Rhine Campaigns (1794-96).
After serving with Hoche and Massena in Germany and Switzerland (1797-99), Pajol took a cavalry command under Moreau for the campaign on the upper Rhine. In the short years of peace Pajol, now colonel, was successively envoy to the Batavian Republic, and delegate at Napoleon's coronation. In 1805, the emperor employed him with the light cavalry. He distinguished himself at Austerlitz, and, after serving for a short time in Italy, he rejoined the gnuidc tinnec as a general of brigade, in time to take part in the campaign of Friedland. Next year
After serving with Hoche and Massena in Germany and Switzerland (1797-99), Pajol took a cavalry command under Moreau for the campaign on the upper Rhine. In the short years of peace Pajol, now colonel, was successively envoy to the Batavian Republic, and delegate at Napoleon's coronation. In 1805, the emperor employed him with the light cavalry. He distinguished himself at Austerlitz, and, after serving for a short time in Italy, he rejoined the gnuidc tinnec as a general of brigade, in time to take part in the campaign of Friedland. Next year
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(1808) he was made a baron of the Empire. In 1809 he served on the Danube, and in the Russian War of
181 2
led a division, and afterwards a corps, of cavalry. He survived the retreat, but his health was so broken that he retired to his native town of Besançon for a time. He was back again in active service, however, in time to be present at Dresden, at which battle he played a conspicuous part. In 1814 he commanded a corps of
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(1808) he was made a baron of the Empire. In 1809 he served on the Danube, and in the Russian War of
1812
led a division, and afterwards a corps, of cavalry. He survived the retreat, but his health was so broken that he retired to his native town of Besançon for a time. He was back again in active service, however, in time to be present at Dresden, at which battle he played a conspicuous part. In 1814 he commanded a corps of
all arms in the Seine Valley. On the fall of Napoleon, Pajol gave in his adhesion to the Restoration government, but he rejoined his old master immediately upon his return to France. His (I) corps of cavalry played a prominent part in the campaign of 1815, both at Ligny and in the advance on the Wavre under Grouchy. On receiving the news of Waterloo, Pajol disengaged his command, and by a skilful retreat brought it safe and unbeaten to Paris. There he and his men played an active part in the actions which ended the war. The Bourbons, on their return, dismissed him, though this treatment was not, compared to that meted out to Ney and others, excessively harsh. In 1S30 he took part in the overthrow of Charles X. He suppressed, sternly and vigorously, emeutes in Paris in 1831 and 1832, 1834 and 1839. A general, and a peer of France, he was put on the retired list in 1842, and died two years later.
all arms in the Seine Valley. On the fall of Napoleon, Pajol gave in his adhesion to the Restoration government, but he rejoined his old master immediately upon his return to France. His (I) corps of cavalry played a prominent part in the campaign of 1815, both at Ligny and in the advance on the Wavre under Grouchy. On receiving the news of Waterloo, Pajol disengaged his command, and by a skilful retreat brought it safe and unbeaten to Paris. There he and his men played an active part in the actions which ended the war. The Bourbons, on their return, dismissed him, though this treatment was not, compared to that meted out to Ney and others, excessively harsh. In 1S30 he took part in the overthrow of Charles X. He suppressed, sternly and vigorously, emeutes in Paris in 1831 and 1832, 1834 and 1839. A general, and a peer of France, he was put on the retired list in 1842, and died two years later.
His son, Count Charles Paul Victor Pajol (1821-1891),
His son, Count Charles Paul Victor Pajol (1821-1891),
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entered the army and had reached the rank of general of division
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entered the army and had reached the rank of general of division
when he was involved in the catastrophe of Metz (1S70). He retired in 1877. Besides being a good soldier, he was a sculptor of some merit, who executed statues of his father and of Napoleon, and he wrote a life of his father and a history of the wars under Louis XV. (Paris 1881-1891).
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when he was involved in the catastrophe of Metz (1S70). He
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retired in 1877. Besides being a good soldier, he was a sculptor
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of some merit, who executed statues of his father and of Napoleon,
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and he wrote a life of his father and a history of the wars under
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Louis XV. (Paris 1881-1891).
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See Count C. P. V. Pajol: Pajol general en chef (Paris, 1874);
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See Count C. P. V. Pajol:
''
Pajol general en chef
''
(Paris, 1874);
Thomas, ''Les Grands cavaliers du premier empire'' (Paris, 1892); and Choppin, in the ''Journal des sciences militaires'' (1890).
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Thomas, Les Grands cavaliers du premier empire (Paris, 1892); and
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Choppin, in the Journal des sciences militaires (i8go).
<section end="s2"/>
<section end="s2"/>
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<section begin="
s2
"/>'''PAJOU, AUGUSTIN''' (1730-1809), French sculptor, was born in Paris on the 19th of September 1730. At eighteen he won the Prix de Rome; at thirty he exhibited his Phiton tenant Cerhcre enchdine (now in the Louvre). His portrait busts of Buff&n and of Madame Du Barry (1773), and his statuette of Bossuet (all in the Louvre), are amongst his best works. When B. Poyet constructed the Fontaine des Innocents from the earlier edifice of P. Lescot (see Goujon) Pajou provided a number of new figures for the work. Mention should also be made of his
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<section begin="
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"/>'''PAJOU, AUGUSTIN''' (1730-1809), French sculptor, was born in Paris on the 19th of September 1730. At eighteen he won the Prix de Rome; at thirty he exhibited his Phiton tenant Cerhcre enchdine (now in the Louvre). His portrait busts of Buff&n and of Madame Du Barry (1773), and his statuette of Bossuet (all in the Louvre), are amongst his best works. When B. Poyet constructed the Fontaine des Innocents from the earlier edifice of P. Lescot (see Goujon) Pajou provided a number of new figures for the work. Mention should also be made of his
bust of Carlin Bertinazzi (1763) at the Comedie Franfaise, and the monument of Marie Leczinska, queen of Poland (in the Salon of 1769). Pajou died in Paris on the 8th of May 1809.
bust of Carlin Bertinazzi (1763) at the Comedie Franfaise, and the monument of Marie Leczinska, queen of Poland (in the Salon of 1769). Pajou died in Paris on the 8th of May 1809.
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"/>
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<section end="
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"/>
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<section begin="
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"/>'''PAKHOI''', or Peihai, a city and treaty port of China, in the west of the province of Kwang-tung, situated on a bay of the
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<section begin="
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"/>'''PAKHOI''', or Peihai, a city and treaty port of China, in the west of the province of Kwang-tung, situated on a bay of the
Gulf of Tong-king, formed by the peninsula running south-west from Lien-chow, in 21° 30' N., 109° 10' E. Pop. about 25,000.
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Gulf of Tong-king, formed by the peninsula running south-west
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from Lien-chow, in 21° 30' N., 109° 10' E. Pop. about 25,000.
Dating only from about 1820-1830, and at first little better than
Dating only from about 1820-1830, and at first little better than
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being exported to Hong Kong.
being exported to Hong Kong.
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<section begin="
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"/>'''PAKINGTON''', the name of a famous English Worcestershire family, now represented by the barony of Hampton. Sir John Pakington (d. 1560) was a successful lawyer and a favourite at court, and Henry VIII. enriched him with estates, including that of Westwood in Worcestershire. His grandnephew and heir. Sir John Pakington (1549-1625), was another prominent courtier, Queen Elizabeth's " lusty Pakington, " famous for his
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<section begin="
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"/>'''PAKINGTON''', the name of a famous English Worcestershire family, now represented by the barony of Hampton. Sir John Pakington (d. 1560) was a successful lawyer and a favourite at court, and Henry VIII. enriched him with estates, including that of Westwood in Worcestershire. His grandnephew and heir. Sir John Pakington (1549-1625), was another prominent courtier, Queen Elizabeth's " lusty Pakington, " famous for his
magnificence of living. His son John (1600-1624) was created a baronet in 1620. His son, Sir John, the second baronet (1620-1680), played an active part on the royaUst side in the troubles of the Great Rebellion and the Commonwealth, and was taken prisoner at Worcester in 1651; Lady Dorothy, his wife (d. 1679), daughter of the lord keeper Thomas Coventry, was famous for her learning, and was long credited with the authorship of The
magnificence of living. His son John (1600-1624) was created a baronet in 1620. His son, Sir John, the second baronet (1620-1680), played an active part on the royaUst side in the troubles of the Great Rebellion and the Commonwealth, and was taken prisoner at Worcester in 1651; Lady Dorothy, his wife (d. 1679), daughter of the lord keeper Thomas Coventry, was famous for her learning, and was long credited with the authorship of The
Whole Duty of Man (1658), which has more recently been
Whole Duty of Man (1658), which has more recently been
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John Pakington the right of wearing his hat in the royal presence.
John Pakington the right of wearing his hat in the royal presence.
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<section end="
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<section begin="s6"/>'''PAKOKKU''', a district in the Minbu division of Upper Burma, lying west of the Irrawaddy river and south of Mandalay, with the line of the Chin hills as a general boundary on the west. It has an area of 6210 sq. m. and a population (1901) of 356,489. The part of the district along the Irrawaddy and Chindwin rivers is alluvial. Beyond this, however, the country rises gradually to the low Shinmadaung and Tangyi ridges, where it is very arid. To the westward there is a rapid drop to the well watered valley of the Yaw River, and then a rise o-er broken, dry country before the valleys of the Myit-tha and Mon rivers are reached. The principal products are millet, sesamum and sugar produced from toddy-palms in the riverain districts, which also grow rice, grain, peas and beans. Tobacco and vegetables are also produced in some quantity, and maize is grown largely for the sake of the husk, which is used for native cheroot-wrappers, under the name of yawpct. The Yenangyat oil-fields, which produce quantities of petroleum, are in the south of the district, and iron used to be worked in a small way. There are 11 51 sq. m. of reserved forests in the<section end="s6"/>
<section begin="s6"/>'''PAKOKKU''', a district in the Minbu division of Upper Burma, lying west of the Irrawaddy river and south of Mandalay, with the line of the Chin hills as a general boundary on the west. It has an area of 6210 sq. m. and a population (1901) of 356,489. The part of the district along the Irrawaddy and Chindwin rivers is alluvial. Beyond this, however, the country rises gradually to the low Shinmadaung and Tangyi ridges, where it is very arid. To the westward there is a rapid drop to the well watered valley of the Yaw River, and then a rise o-er broken, dry country before the valleys of the Myit-tha and Mon rivers are reached. The principal products are millet, sesamum and sugar produced from toddy-palms in the riverain districts, which also grow rice, grain, peas and beans. Tobacco and vegetables are also produced in some quantity, and maize is grown largely for the sake of the husk, which is used for native cheroot-wrappers, under the name of yawpct. The Yenangyat oil-fields, which produce quantities of petroleum, are in the south of the district, and iron used to be worked in a small way. There are 11 51 sq. m. of reserved forests in the<section end="s6"/>