ANTITRUST ECONOMICS
READING LIST
2013
* Indicates required reading
Required and Recommended Textbooks:
* Carlton, Dennis W. & Jeffrey M. Perloff, , MODERN INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATION (Addison-Wesley, 4th ed. 2004).
Motta, Massimo, COMPETITION POLICY: THEORY AND PRACTICE (Cambridge University Press, 2004)
Mankiw, Gregory N., PRINCIPLES OF MICROECONOMICS (South-Western College Publishing, 3rd edition 2003), or any reputable undergraduate textbook in economics or microeconomics which will provide a basic introduction to economics, (e.g. Walter Nicholson, Hal Varian).
Reading Material by Topic
1. Economics of Competition Policy
* Vickers, John, Abuse of Market Power. Speech To The 31st Conference Of The European Association For Research in Industrial Economics, Berlin. (2004). Also Abuse of Market Power in HANDBOOK OF ANTITRUST ECONOMICS .(The MIT Press, 2008).
* Evans, David S., Why Different Jurisdictions Do Not (and Should Not) Adopt the Same Antitrust Rules (February 16, 2009). CHICAGO JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1342797.
Kaplow, Louis & Carl Shapiro, Antitrust (January 2007). HARVARD LAW AND ECONOMICS DISCUSSION. Paper No. 575. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=961264.
* Baker, Jonathan B., The Case for Antitrust Enforcement, (Fall 2003). Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=452182
Baker, Jonathan B., Competition Policy as a Political Bargain (January 16, 2005). Available at SSRN: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=649442
Kovacic, William E. & Carl Shapiro, Antitrust Policy: A Century of Economic and Legal Thinking (October, 1999). University of Berkeley, Center of Competition Policy Working Paper No. CPC99-09. Available at SSRN: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=506284
2. Firms and Profit Maximization
* Carlton, Dennis W. & Jeffrey M. Perloff, MODERN INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATION (Addison-Wesley, 4th ed. 2004). Chapter 2: The Firm and Costs;
* Mankiw, Gregory N., PRINCIPLES OF MICROECONOMICS (South-Western College Publishing, 3rd edition 2003). Chapter 13: The Costs of Production; Chapter 14: Firms in Competitive Markets
* Motta, Massimo, COMPETITION POLICY: THEORY AND PRACTICE (Cambridge University Press, 2004). Chapter 2: Market Power and Welfare: Introduction.
3. Demand, Supply and Static Competition
* Carlton, Dennis W. & Jeffrey M. Perloff, MODERN INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATION (Addison-Wesley, 4th ed. 2004). Chapter 3: Competition;
* Mankiw, Gregory N., PRINCIPLES OF MICROECONOMICS (South-Western College Publishing, 3rd edition 2003). Chapter 4: The Market Forces of Supply and Demand
4. Innovation and Dynamic Competition
* Schmalensee, Richard & David S. Evans, Some Economic Aspects of Antitrust Analysis in Dynamically Competitive Industries. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=270551.
Evans, David S. & Keith N. Hylton, The Lawful Acquisition and Exercise of Monopoly Power and its Implications for the Objectives of Antitrust (September 26, 2008). COMPETITION POLICY INTERNATIONAL, Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 203, 2008. A similar version available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1275431
* Ginsburg, Douglas H. & Joshua D. Wright, Dynamic Analysis and the Limits of Antitrust Institutions (June 14, 2012). ANTITRUST LAW JOURNAL, Vol. 78, No. 1, 2012; George Mason Law & Economics Research Paper No. 12-48. Available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2084355
Posner, Richard A., Antitrust in the New Economy (November 2000). University of Chicago Law & Economics, Olin Working Paper No. 106. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=249316
5. Product Differentiation
* Carlton Dennis W. & Jeffrey M. Perloff, MODERN INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATION (Addison-Wesley, 4th ed. 2004). Chapter 7: Product Differentiation and Monopolistic Competition.
Spence, Michael A., Product Differentiation and Welfare (May, 1976) AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, Vol. 66, No. 2, pp.407- 414. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/1817254?uid=2&uid=4&sid=21101696447427
Hotelling, Harold, Stability in Competition (Mar., 1929), THE ECONOMIC JOURNAL, Vol. 39, No. 153, pp.41-75. Available at: http://pds7.egloos.com/pds/200802/05/48/Stability_in_Competition.pdf.
* Mankiw, Gregory N., PRINCIPLES OF MICROECONOMICS (South-Western College Publishing, 3rd edition 2003). Chapter 17: Monopolistic Competition.
Tirole, Jean, THE THEORY OF INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATION (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988), Chapter 7: Product Differentiation: Price Competition and Non-Price Competition.
6. Competition, Market Failures, and Welfare
Carlton, Dennis W. & Jeffrey M. Perloff, MODERN INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATION (Addison-Wesley, 4th ed. 2004). Chapter 4: Monopolies, Monopsonies, and Dominant Firms.
Eatwell, John, Murray Milgate & Peter Newman, NEW PALGRAVE: A DICTIONARY OF ECONOMICS (Palgrave Macmillan, 1998). Entries: "Monopoly" and "Welfare".
* Carlton, Dennis W. & Randal C. Picker, Antitrust and Regulation (October 2006). University of Chicago Law & Economics, Olin Working Paper No. 312. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=937020.
7. Multi-Sided Platforms
*Evans, David S. & Richard Schmalensee, The Antitrust Analysis of Multi-Sided Platform Businesses (December 4, 2012). Roger Blair and Daniel Sokol, eds., Oxford Handbook on International Antitrust Economics, Oxford University Press, Forthcoming; University of Chicago Institute for Law & Economics, Olin Research Paper No. 623. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2185373
Evans, David S. et al., PLATFORM ECONOMICS: ESSAYS ON MULTI-SIDED BUSINESSES (December 17, 2011). COMPETITION POLICY INTERNATIONAL, 2011. Available at SSRN: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1974020 (e-book with collection of my papers).
* Evans, David S., Catalyst Code: How to Ignite a Platform Business and Rule a Platform-Based Ecosystem (video course and powerpoint deck).
8. Oligopoly and Game Theory
* Carlton, Dennis W. & Jeffrey M. Perloff, MODERN INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATION (Addison-Wesley, 4th ed. 2004). Chapter 6: Non-cooperative Oligopoly; Chapter 11: Strategic Behavior, section: Non-cooperative Strategic Behavior.
Borenstein Severin, Case 9: Rapid Price Communication and Coordination: The Airline Tariff Publishing Case (1994), in THE ANTITRUST REVOLUTION: ECONOMICS, COMPETITION, AND POLICY (John E. Kwoka and Lawrence J. White, eds., Oxford University Press, 4th ed. 2003). Available at: http://www.colorado.edu/Economics/courses/spring10-4999-003/ATPCO.pdf.
Scott Bierman & Luis Fernandez, GAME THEORY WITH ECONOMIC APPLICATIONS (Addison-Wesley: 2nd Edition, 1997). Chapter 20: Cartel Enforcement.
9. Cartels and Coordinated Effects
* Carlton, Dennis W. & Jeffrey M. Perloff, MODERN INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATION (Addison-Wesley, 4th ed. 2004). Chapter 5: Cartels: Oligopoly Joint Decision Making;
* Motta, Massimo, COMPETITION POLICY: THEORY AND PRACTICE (Cambridge University Press, 2004). Chapter 4: Collusion and Horizontal Agreements. (Skim this and don't worry about the math)
* Levenstein, Margaret C. & Valerie Y. Suslow, What Determines Cartel Success? (2006). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC LITERATURE, Vol. 44, No. 1, 2006. Available at SSRN: www.ssrn.com/abstract=299415
Connor, John M., Case 10: Global Cartel Redux: The Amino Acid Lysine Antitrust Litigation (1996) in THE ANTITRUST REVOLUTION: ECONOMICS, COMPETITION, AND POLICY (John E. Kwoka and Lawrence J. White, eds., Oxford University Press, 4th ed. 2003). Available at: http://www.agecon.purdue.edu/staff/connor/papers/lysinedamages_chapter_antitrust%20revolution.pdf.
Porter Robert H., A Study of Cartel Stability: The Joint Executive Committee, 1880-1886, (Autumn, 1983) THE BELL JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 301-314. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/3003634?uid=2&uid=4&sid=21101696678517
Abrantes-Metz, Rosa M., Design and Implementation of Screens and Their Use by Defendants (September 30, 2011). COMPETITION POLICY INTERNATIONAL (CPI) Antitrust Chronicle, Vol. 2, September 2011. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1943223
Abrantes-Metz, Rosa M., The Power of Screens to Trigger Investigations (July 21, 2010). Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1646628.
10. Competitive Constraints and Market Power
* Evans, David S., Lightening Up Market Definition (May 1, 2010). RESEARCH HANDBOOK ON THE ECONOMICS OF ANTITRUST LAW, Einer Elhauge, ed., New York: Edward Elgar, 2010. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1599270
Chang, Howard H., David S. Evans & Richard Schmalensee, Assessment of Market Power in Competition Matters: Prepared for the Federal Competition Commission of Mexico (March 30, 2011). Available at: www.cfc.gob.mx/images/stories/Documentos/guias/ultdoctopodersustmercado.pdf.
* Baumol, William J. & Daniel G. Swanson, The New Economy and Ubiquitous Competitive Price Discrimination: Identifying Defensible Criteria of Market Power (2003) ANTITRUST LAW JOURNAL, Vol. 70, pp.661-685. A similar version Available at: http://apps.americanbar.org/antitrust/at-committees/at-pdiscr/special-resources/pdf/05_AB4089_UBAU_661-685.pdf.
Gual, Jordi, et al., An economic approach to Article 82 (July, 2005) Report by EAGCP. Available at: ec.europa.eu/dgs/competition/economist/eagcp_july_21_05.pdf
11. Market Definition
* Baker, Jonathan B., Market Definition: An Analytical Overview (November 2006). Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=854025
* Ashenfelter, Orley C., David Ashmore, Jonathan B. Baker, Suzanne Gleason & Daniel S. Hosken, Econometric Methods in Staples (April 9, 2004). PRINCETON LAW & PUBLIC AFFAIRS. Paper No. 04-007. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=529144
Carlton, Dennis W., Market Definition: Use and Abuse (Spring, 2007). COMPETITION POLICY INTERNATIONAL, Vol. 3, No. 1. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=987061
* Chang, Howard H., David S. Evans & Richard Schmalensee, Market Definition: Assessment of the Relevant Market in Competition Matters (March 2011). Prepared for the Federal Competition Commission of Mexico. Available at: www.cfc.gob.mx/images/stories/Documentos/guias/doctoreferenciadefmercrelevant.pdf
* Evans, David S., Two-Sided Market Definition (November 11, 2009). ABA Section of Antitrust Law, MARKET DEFINITION IN ANTITRUST: THEORY AND CASE STUDIES, Forthcoming. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1396751
12. Horizontal Mergers and the Analysis of Competitive Effects
* EC Guidelines On The Assessment Of Horizontal Mergers Under The Council Regulation On The Control Of Concentrations Between Undertakings (March 31, 2004). OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION. Available at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:C:2004:031:0005:0018:EN:PDF
* Williamson, Oliver E., Economies As An Antitrust Defense: The Welfare Tradeoffs (Mar., 1968) AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, Vol. 58, No. 1, pp. 18-36. Available at: http://ces.univ-paris1.fr/4CFBAAFA-B820-4BA7-BB1A-2173B4321A06/FinalDownload/DownloadId-F337A15D982E31DEFCD142233E1E1DA4/4CFBAAFA-B820-4BA7-BB1A-2173B4321A06/membre/tropeano/pdf/polconc/fusions/williamson.pdf
* Baker, Jonathan & David Reitman, Research Topics in Unilateral Effects Analysis (November 9, 2009). American University, WCL Research Paper No. 09-37. Available at SSRN: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1504863
Epstein, Roy J. & Daniel L. Rubinfeld, Merger Simulation: A Simplified Approach with New Applications (December, 2001). ANTITRUST LAW JOURNAL, Vol. 69. Available at SSRN: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=291222.
* Shapiro, Carl, Mergers with Differentiated Products (Spring, 1996). U.S. Department of Justice. Antitrust Division. Available at: http://www.justice.gov/4CFBAAFA-B820-4BA7-BB1A-2173B4321A06/FinalDownload/DownloadId-EC98E5CA0848385CF3B47D97A3C4518F/4CFBAAFA-B820-4BA7-BB1A-2173B4321A06/atr/public/speeches/227167.pdf.
Whinston, Michael, LECTURES ON ANTITRUST ECONOMICS (MIT Press: 2007). Chapter 3 Horizontal mergers.
* Loriot, Guillaume & François Rouxel, GE/Instrumentarium: A Practical Example Of The Use Of Quantitative Analyses In Merger Control (Spring, 2004) Competition Policy Newsletter. No. 1, pp.58-62. Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/competition/publications/cpn/2004_1_58.pdf.
* Schmalensee, Richard, Upward Pricing Pressure video lecture. Available at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nXH4Wta9RUo
Farrell, Joseph & Carl Shapiro, Upward Pricing Pressure and Critical Loss Analysis: Response (February, 2010). COMPETITION POLICY INTERNATIONAL. Available at: https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/assets/Free/Shapiro-FarrellFEB10.pdf.
13. Predatory and Other Pricing Strategies
*EC Guidance on the Commission's Enforcement Priorities In Applying Article 82 of the EC Treaty To Abusive Exclusionary Conduct by Dominant Undertakings (February 24, 2009). OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION. Available at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:C:2009:045:0007:0020:EN:PDF.
* Carlton, Dennis W. & Jeffrey M. Perloff, MODERN INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATION (Addison-Wesley, 4th ed. 2004). Chapter 9: Price Discrimination; Chapter 10: Advanced Topics in Pricing; and Chapter 11: Strategic Behavior, Section Cooperative Strategic Behavior.
* Areeda, Phillip & Donald F. Turner, Predatory Pricing and Related Practices Under Section 2 of the Sherman Act (Feb., 1975). HARVARD LAW REVIEW, Vol. 88, No. 4, pp.697-733. Available at: http://www.contrib.andrew.cmu.edu/~kryukov/Predation/areeda75.pdf
* Easterbrook, Frank H., Predatory Strategies and Counterstrategies (Spring, 1981). UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO LAW REVIEW, Vol. 48, No. 2, pp. 263-337. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/1599465?uid=36753&uid=3737512&uid=2&uid=3&uid=67&uid=5910200&uid=62&uid=36752&sid=21101583155521.
* Bolton, Patrick, Joseph F. Brodley & Michael H. Riordan, Predatory Pricing: Strategic Theory and Legal Policy (September 29, 1999). GEORGETOWN LAW REVIEW, August, 2000. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=211689. Also see: Brodley, Joseph F., Patrick Bolton & Michael H. Riordan, Predatory Pricing: Response to Critique and Further Elaboration (August, 2001). GEORGETOWN LAW REVIEW, Vol. 89, pp. 2495-2529. Available at SSRN: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=294682.
14. Vertical Relationships and Integration
* Carlton, Dennis W. & Jeffrey M. Perloff, MODERN INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATION (Addison-Wesley, 4th ed. 2004). Chapter 12: Vertical Integration and Vertical Restrictions, pp. 414-426.
* Director, Aaron & Edward Levy, Law and the Future: Trade Regulation (1956) NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW, Vol. 51, No. 281. Available at: http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/miscollr17&div=8&id=&page=. Also see Keith Hylton, A Note on Director and Levy (November 5, 2007). Available at: https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/a-note-on-director--levi-1956/.
* Leegin Creative Leather Products, Inc. v. PSKS, Inc. 127 S. Ct. 2705 (2007). Brief of Economists as Amici Curiae in Support of Petitioner,. Available at: http://personal.psu.edu/rcr5122/LeeginMotiontoFileBrief.pdf. [Also review commentary on: Background on: Leegin Creative Leather Products, Inc. v. PSKS, Inc. (Mar. 27, 2007) CPI Antitrust Chronicle. Available at: https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/background-on-ileegin-creative-leather-products-inc-v-psks-inci/.]
* Leegin Creative Leather Prods., Inc. v. PSKS, Inc., 127 S.Ct. 763 (2006) (No. 06-480). Motion for Leave to file Brief Amicus Curiae of Economists in Support of Petitioner and Brief Amici Curiae of William S. Comanor and Frederic M. Scherer,. Available at: http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/06-480.ZD.html.
* Joskow, Paul L., Transaction Cost Economics, Antitrust Rules and Remedies (2002). JOURNAL OF LAW, ECONOMICS AND ORGANIZATION, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 95-116. Available at http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=291796.
* Joskow, Paul L., Vertical Integration, (2008). HANDBOOK OF NEW INDUSTRIAL ECONOMICS. Springer, ISBN 978-3-540-77660-4, pp. 319-348. Available at: http://economics.mit.edu/files/1176
15. Vertical Restraints
* Shapiro, Carl, Exclusivity in Network Industries (October 1998). Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=138334
* Geradin, Damien, For a Rigorous 'Effects-Based' Analysis of Vertical Restraints Adopted by Dominant Firms: An Analysis of the EU and Brazilian Competition Law (June 2012). Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2173735 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2173735
* Evans, David S., Economics of Vertical Restraints for Multi-Sided Platforms (January 2, 2013). University of Chicago Institute for Law & Economics. Olin Research Paper No. 626. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2195778 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2195778
* Carlton, Dennis W. & Michael Waldman, Tying (August 1, 2008). ISSUES IN COMPETITION LAW AND POLICY, Vol. 3, pp. 1859-1880. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1529843
* Carlton, Dennis W. & Jeffrey M. Perloff, MODERN INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATION (Addison-Wesley, 4th ed. 2004). Chapter 10: Advanced Topics in Pricing, Section on Tie-In Sales.
* EU Guidelines on the assessment of non-horizontal mergers under the Council Regulation on the Control of Concentrations between undertakings. Available at http://ec.europa.eu/comm/competition/mergers/legislation/nonhorizontalguidelines.pdf
Elhauge, Einer R., Tying, Bundled Discounts, and the Death of the Single Monopoly Profit Theory (October 16, 2009). HARVARD LAW REVIEW, Vol. 123, No. 2, December 2009; Harvard Law and Economics Discussion Paper No. 629. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1345239 [Also review commentary on article in Autumn 2009 issue of COMPETITION POLICY INTERNATIONAL. Available at https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/the-undead-a-comment-on-professor-elhauges-paper/
* Cooper, James, Luke Froeb, Daniel O'Brien & Michael Vita, Vertical Restraints and Antitrust Policy: What about the Evidence? (Autumn, 2005) COMPETITION POLICY INTERNATIONAL, Vol 1, No. 2. Vanderbilt Public Law Research Paper No. 05-32. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=825089
Motta, Massimo, COMPETITION POLICY: THEORY AND PRACTICE (Cambridge University Press, 2004). Chapter 6: Vertical Restraints and Vertical Mergers.
Posner, Richard A., ANTITRUST LAW: AN ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1976). Chapter 8: Exclusionary Practices Real and Imagined.
Rey, Patrick & Jean Tirole, A Primer on Foreclosure (January 30, 2006) HANDBOOK OF INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATION, Volume III (Mark Armstrong and Robert H. Porter eds., 2005), pp. 1-45, 69-76. Available at: http://neeo.univ-tlse1.fr/23/1/primer.pdf.
16. Antitrust and Intellectual Property
* Jaffe, Adam B. & Josh Lerner, INNOVATION AND ITS DISCONTENTS: HOW OUR BROKEN PATENT SYSTEM IS ENDANGERING INNOVATION AND PROGRESS, AND WHAT TO DO ABOUT IT (Princeton University Press, 2004). Chapter 1: Today's Patent System at Work; and Chapter 2: The Dark Side of Patents.
* Scotchmer, Suzanne, INNOVATION AND INCENTIVES (MIT Press, 2006). Chapter 1: Institutions: A Brief Excursion Through History; Chapter 2: Investing in Knowledge; and Chapter 3: A Primer for Nonlawyers on Intellectual Property.
* Shapiro, Carl, Antitrust, Innovation and Intellectual Property: Testimony Before the Antitrust Modernization Commission (November 5, 2005). Available at: http://faculty.haas.berkeley.edu/shapiro/amcinnovation.pdf .
* Ahlborn, Christian, Vincenzo Denicolo, Damien Geradin, & Jorge A. Padilla, DG Comp's Discussion Paper on Article 82: Implications of the Proposed Framework and Antitrust Rules for Dynamically Competitive Industries (March 2006). Available at: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=894466 .
Scotchmer, Suzanne, Standing on the Shoulders of Giants: Cumulative Research and the Patent Law (Winter 1991) THE JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 29-41. Available at: http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~scotch/giants.pdf.
Popular Books and Movies on Competition Law and Economics
Books
Sylvia Nasar, A BEAUTIFUL MIND (Simon & Schuster, 2001.
Christopher Mason, THE ART OF THE STEAL: INSIDE THE SOTHEBY'S-CHRISTIE'S AUCTION HOUSE SCANDAL, 2005.
Ken Auletta. World War 3.0: Microsoft and Its Enemies, 2001.
Kurt Eichenwald, The Informant: A True Story, 2001.
Movies
A Beautiful Mind (2001): Starring Russell Crowe (The movie version of Sylvia Nasar's book on John Nash, one of the founders of modern oligopoly and game theory.)
The Informant (2009): Starring Matt Damon (About the ADM Lysine price fixing case.)