[This is a recap/update on a series of articles I started over a year ago.]
Lots of people hate conceptual art. It’s really quite remarkable, and possibly unfortunate. Ostensibly, artists make art to engage, entertain, and inform people, in which case hatred is an extreme response. Though it does occur to me that the kind of art that is most disliked might be the variety that tries to “challenge” the presumed assumptions of a less aware audience. But first, let’s look at a couple rants against conceptual art I’ve seen recently.
Conservative YouTube commenter Paul Watson’s attack on “Modern Art” received over 22,000 likes. In it he accuses:
Modern, or “conceptual art” isn’t art at all. It’s one big circle jerk of pretentious twats trying to make themselves look sophisticated by ascribing meaning to something that’s completely meaningless… Why is it that the most talent-less and vacuous shit gets promoted by the art establishment? Well, it’s partly born out of elitism. If the artistic merit of a bunch of squiggly lines can only be appreciated by a select number of privileged insiders they can sneer at the uninitiated, and justify their own intellectual superiority.
When you see someone intently staring at a Jackson-Pollock-style vomit canvas they’re not really trying to ascertain its deeper meaning. It’s all just an act to prove to the other pompous wankers that they’re part of the same cult of aesthetic relativism, while sneering at the Philistine general public who just don’t get it, despite the fact that there’s nothing to get.
Shortly after that colorful outburst, and a few examples, he devolves into his usual alt-right tirades about “leftists”, “social justice warriors”, and gender identification. The cherry on top is a kiss of Islamaphobia, as he taunts that if people really want to be offensive, they should draw “life-sized cartoons of Mohammad”. He concludes:
Conceptual art is shit. It doesn’t enrich our culture: it degrades and cheapens society by exulting the vulgar, the crass, and the scatological. And the people promoting it are preventing us from enjoying modern art produced by artists with actual talent. Those people are contemptible, regressive, twats, who should be ostracized, shamed, and left alone to play with each other’s poo while genuflecting over its artistic brilliance.
If it were a parody, Watson’s own video might qualify as a hot piece of conceptual art. But, of course it is not, and the video only has 1,500 dislikes (7%), one from yours truly. While I sort of enjoyed his rant against the theoretical excesses of conceptualism, his alt-right politics are difficult to stomach.
But it’s not just far right conservative blow-hards who abhor conceptual art. Joe Rogan – of Fear Factor, UFC, and stand up comedy fame – can be somewhat reasonable and very intelligent in his lengthy podcasts, while also being a Bernie supporter (Watson’s for Trump) but only had the worst invective for conceptual art. About the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, he opined:
That place is dog shit. It is one the the worst museums I’ve ever been to in my entire life… Well, I went with my kids ’cause I thought it’d be fun to take the kids to the art museum. My kids love art, and they could see some cool paintings and shit. And I knew we were fucked when we first got there because we walked into this room, and it looks like there are these curvy walls, and I felt like you go inside the curvy walls and there’s probably some cool paintings. NO! The curvy walls were the fucking art. And I went, “Noooooo. We’re fucked! It’s one of THESE places. And there were all these super pretentious people. They were like, please don’t touch that. Everyone you go they’re like, “don’t touch, don’t touch, don’t touch”.
I’m not sure what Joe expected to see, because one of his daughters was five, and I can’t imagine bringing a five year old into ANY museum and expecting her to be entertained. Kinda’ think he should have gone to the petting zoo instead.
The “curvy wall” was Richard Serra’s Band.
Evidently he was not pleased with Michael Heitzer’s Levitated Mass, below:
The LACMA, also, what is that a rock they have there? I wanna’ fuckin’ hit somebody. God dammit.
He lamented that they played Jazz, “which is my other least favorite thing”, and bundled it all up thusly:
It’s like super-pretentious meets uber-pretentious, and they collide in a fucking shit-storm of hipster. Oh my God, it was so gross.
I’m confident I’m a big fan of a lot of art Watson and Rogan would shit on, perhaps including my own, but I almost regret to admit that I have some of the same reservations about some of the same conceptual work that they do [I like Serra, and certainly Pollock, but the vomit canvases are thin gruel.] . So, let’s explore what’s so enervating about conceptual art that it can seriously piss people off.
There are a few good reasons good people hate conceptual art. One is the rivalry between conceptual art and painting, in which conceptual art arrogantly and infuriatingly positions itself as automatically superior. Another is conceptual art’s presumption that it breezily launches interventions into art history, thus changing the course of art history, changing the way we see art, and even the way we SEE. Lastly is the uninspiring witty artifacts of these assumed great artistic upheavals, which, taken out of an artificial intellectual context in which they gain art historical importance, revert to innocuous objects: a urinal; vacuum cleaners in a glass case; cheese graters on a shelf; a neon sign; an LED sign; a stack of paper… There is excellent “conceptual” (non-traditional, new media) art which I will cover in a future article in this series, but it tends to be the kind that aspires to do something amazing with unconventional means and mediums, rather than the kind that tries to change the course of civilization with a (usually cynical) gesture.
If you think I’m opinionated, see my codicil at the bottom of this post.
I have no problem with conceptual art itself, unless it’s just a bad example of it. I prefer to live in a world with conceptual art in it, including the likes of Koons and Hirst, who I have lampooned in the past. In the case of those two characters, it’s just their astronomical fame and fortune – when most artists only dream of being able to continue making art at all – combined with the absence of traditional skill, substance, or obvious sacrifice in the work, which adds injury to insult. The art itself is an addition to life, at least something to ponder on a lunch break.
The first thing we need to come to grips with is that the animosity between conceptual art and painting issues from both sides of the spectrum, and reflects the claim of one or the other to be the real or superior art. We tend to think this attack comes from painting – y’know, those crusty, ass-backwards white male fucks who can’t handle that they are no longer relevant and their avowed lofty art is just noodling with pigment. By Gad, they are painting their own epitaphs! I’m not saying those guys don’t exist. I’ve had my run-ins with them while walking the gauntlet of art school. I was kicked out of an oil painting class (at a community College) on the first day for questioning the teacher when he tried to impress us with paintings by Bouguereau. Sure, I was being a bit of a smart-ass. I remember what I said: “Isn’t Bouguereau the artist the Impressionists most detested?” He’d also annoyed me while he was trying to seduce the girls by drawing a caricature of himself as a fox on the blackboard (get it, a “fox”, as in “foxy”, as in “I sleep with my students,” or would if I could). I got to walk out as he heaped insults on me about how I was too good to be in his class, and while my peers applauded. Sure, there are those conservative painters of nudes and still-lifes who defensively reject competing approaches, but they don’t even like Francis Bacon. Later, I found out from a teacher I got on well with that I only got a constellation prize in the yearly art exhibit because, “one teacher was opposed to my work”.
Ah, shit, I just remembered a similar drawing teacher who taught us how to draw auras, which he claimed he could see (to impress the girls), and who showed us paintings by Bacon in order to tell us what a “sick puppy” he was. I dropped out of that class, and that school (Northridge). When I brought in the slip he had to sign so I could eject myself from his class, he called me a “turkey”. My peers laughed, again. There are those sorts of barnacled dinosaurs who oppose anything non-traditional, but generally speaking the antagonism issues from the conceptual art side.
Conceptual art sets itself up as having evolved out of painting, and triumphing over it, rendering painting if not moribund only relevant to the degree it matters within a conceptual paradigm. I base this conclusion largely on my own art education through graduate school, what we read and discussed, and how art was assessed in endless hours of critiques. [Note that I entered art school as a painter, but made all kinds of art, including performance and installation, and received a $10,000 fellowship while a senior doing my undergraduate work, based on a juried exhibit, which was only awarded to one student per grade. My master’s thesis was an installation which my thesis committee reacted very favorably to. I mention this so people don’t automatically assume I’m an angry paint dauber who is clueless about conceptual art.] What I experienced in art school is the same thing I encounter all the time reading art journals (such as Hyperallergic), and in discussions and debates with others, including in comments here.
In the conceptual art paradigm all art is reduced to ideas and purposes, and often political ones. I wrote about this in relation to Jackson Pollock in part 3 – How art history got Jackson Pollock all wrong, and why it matters. In a nutshell, Pollock is seen as the pioneer of “action painting”, and as important for innovating that breakthrough. This is turning art on its head because it puts art in the service of an idea, rather than the idea being an impetus, probably among several others, for making visually captivating images. A painting is no longer worth a thousand words: it’s a vehicle for sharing a one-liner.
Imagine this scenario. All the bullshit theory about music became more interesting and important than actually listening to the music. Theory about music started to dictate music and musicians followed the new rules. Out of this transformation, musicians began to make theoretical music, which appealed more to everyone who appreciated theory more than music.
Somehow in that context conceptual art becomes preposterous, and might actually be why conceptual music hardly exists, and is listened to even less.
Visual art is traditionally created to be looked at, and it’s intended for people who like looking at images. Don’t get upset. I’m not saying anything that isn’t painting isn’t art, I’m just saying if it isn’t about the visual experience, than it’s not visual art. You can compare this to music, which is intended to be listened to. If I want to listen to music, I will seek out the branch of art that is created in order to be savored aurally – music. Similarly, if I want to relish imagery, I will search for art which was intended to be visually satisfying. Traditional visual art uses line, color, form, movement, composition, and so on, just as traditional music uses melody, harmony, rhythm, choruses, and polyphony… If I want to listen to music, I’m not going to go sit across from Marina Abramović, and gaze into her eyes. If I want to relish visual imagery, I’m not going to go read a text by Jenny Holzer, as I could have virtually the same VISUAL experience, only better, by walking around Time Square. But if I want to see another kind of art that isn’t visual art or music, I might go to a performance or installation… This is all perfectly obvious. Where it gets confusing is music and conceptual art are properly seen as unique art forms, as different as apples and oranges, but visual art and conceptual art are somehow lumped together as bananas.
Because I’ve done conceptual art, including installation, performance, site-specific art, and text-based art, as well as lots of drawing and painting, I can easily see that they are very different disciplines, though each has an element of creativity. They are as different as playing the clarinet and writing a short story. I use this example because when I was in High School I played the clarinet in band (crappy choice of instrument), took drawing classes, and had a creative writing class. I was pretty good at all of those things, and never supposed that one art form was greater than another. I figure a lot of people had similar experiences and can easily relate. So then, I assume, you can just tap into your own experience in school, think about painting and conceptual art in this way, and see they are inherently different.
The only way to lump painting in with conceptual art under the umbrella of “visual art” is to do it within a conceptual framework, in which anything can be art, and painting is just one (inherently limited) kind of practice. Painting is thus judged by the standards which apply to conceptual art: apples are judged as inferior oranges. From this perspective, painters can be conveniently dismissed as, to quote my infamous “new genre teacher”, Paul McCarthy, “locked in the rectangle”.
I remember this phrase very clearly because he once accused me of it when I was his student in “New Genre” (which he mispronounced with a hard “j”). By this point I’d already had a painting teacher tell me I’d never make it to grad school, and was well fed up with teachers who, to quote my favorite failed president, “misunderestimated” me, in their glaring arrogance. In order to disprove his blanket dismissal of me as hopelessly behind and only able to make marks within a rectangular canvas, before the next class I created a large wooden rectangle, which a person could be locked into, standing up, and had myself locked into it, naked, on the 4th floor of the art building, facing the elevators. Locked in the rectangle, my ass! I’d lost respect for McCarthy early on in the term, and he’s never regained it, except perhaps for those mechanical Bushes, sodomizing pigs, which is just too fucked up to not acknowledge the diabolical brilliance of.
I’m going to dwell on McCarthy a bit because not only is he an art star, but since he was one of my teachers, he represents an art paradigm I was directly exposed to in academia, in which case I can quote what he said while I was a budding artist, and before I was ultimately thwarted in grad school because of my DNA (straight white males do not deserve art careers unless they are devoted to deconstructing their own white male privilege). From McCarthy’s enlightened perspective, filling your underwear with condiments and feigning masturbation, or doing it, becomes free and unconstrained because it is not painting.
Ironically, sticking a Barbie doll slathered with mayonnaise up your ass is liberating – he did that, er, in a hotel lobby – and painting automatically makes you anal. This is like saying that musicians are “circumscribed by the score” while blowing sounds like elephant farts through an amplified garden hose, or deriding novelists as “closed in the book” while writing text on your ball-sack with an indelible marker. It is, again, the befuddled misapplication of standards appropriate to one genre to an unrelated other. Keep in mind that if we believed that visual art had been derailed by conceptual art, and we can never go back, than there would be nothing inherently visually interesting being created, nothing to really look at. This is as ridiculous and desirable as if we’d stopped music in the 60’s, and declared it irrelevant because it only functioned in an aural dimension and in accordance with musical structures evolved in the patriarchy.
Some painters could be tolerated and humored, if, say, for example, the painter was a woman and painted vaginas as a form of feminist statement. The painting would have to be justified as an “intervention” in art history: some sort of feminist hijacking of masculine media in order to subvert it. The only way to paint is to do so in such a way that you deconstruct or deligitimize painting.
A male expressionist painter, on the other hand, however, should be metaphorically shot on sight. Generally speaking, if you attempted to make a visually satisfying image, you were hopelessly passé, and a pariah. I felt sorry for other students who insisted on painting when I was in art school. Poor lost sods who couldn’t make the mental leap. If they were gazelles they’d be the ones who couldn’t traverse the river and were devoured by crocodiles. Nature selected them for termination – a sad, but inescapable fact of nature. That’s pretty much how I saw it for a while when I played the game of being an art student.
Of course there are painters like the Stuckists who declare that only amateur, homespun, un-ironic, probably representational, paint daubers are the real, authentic, artists with “souls”. One of the founders of Stuckism, Charles Thomson, declared one of my pieces to be “conceptually art” as in “theoretically art” because it was merely digital, and there was “no original”. [See my defense of digital art, and my digital painting in particular here.] They are the reactionary faction of painting, and proud of it, but there are other painters or visual artists (such as myself) whose dislike of conceptual art was or is mostly blow-back resulting from the presumed supremacy of conceptual art.
On the polar extremes of art there is the art that is intended to be visually captivating, and the art that attempts to outsmart everyone and gain prominence through one-upmanship. As classic examples we can use George Bellows and Marcel Duchamp. Bellows was a member of the board of “The Society of Independent Artists” in 1917, and rejected Duchamp’s “Fountain” (y’know, the urinal) as “indecent”. Depending on how you look at it, either artist is an asshole. Bellows can be seen as an asshole for rejecting Duchamp’s appropriated urinal as a work of art on par with his own, and Duchamp can be the asshole for thinking plopping a piss pot in the middle of an art exhibit trumped everything everyone else had worked so hard to achieve, while also insinuating art was a thing to be pissed on. The urinal is terrible visual art, and a Bellow’s painting of a boxing match is crappy conceptual art. Is one artist the asshole, or are they both assholes, or neither?
Part of why painters get pissed off is rhetoric such as that Duchamp’s urinal was:
“a blindingly brilliant logical move, check-mating all conventional ideas about art”.
This presumes, like McCarthy’s “locked in a triangle”, that all painters harbor “conventional ideas about art”. The critic who wrote this for The Telegraph, Martin Gayford, also declared that Duchamp:
“has been compared to Leonardo da Vinci, as a profound philosopher-artist”.
Recently someone wrote in a comment on one of my other articles that Duchamp “changed everything”. This is a very one-sided view of art that presumes painting is automatically inferior to conceptual art. [See more about Duchamp in the Big Bang of Conceptual Art [Why People Hate Conceptual Art Part #4].
Let me illustrate this with another Paul McCarthy anecdote. He told us students about a certain critic who was always shooting down art. I don’t remember which critic. Finally, Paul realized that the critic in question “doesn’t like art”. It didn’t occur to me for decades that it may have been McCarthy who didn’t like art – visual art. The only thing he said about painters was that Edward Hopper represented a backwards Americana, and Pollock didn’t need to do more than ten paintings (precisely the kind of grave misunderstanding of Pollock that I’ve written about). The people who shit on painting are, not surprisingly, not the same people who love painting. McCarthy, like Emin and Hirst, eventually went on to make their own paintings, which I’ll address in the next article.
The simple solution to the problem of two branches of art judging each other by their own standards is to stop lumping them together. More often than not conceptual art has far more in common with other traditional art forms than painting. I’ve been saying this master-of-the-obvious trope for years, but I haven’t encountered anyone else saying it. We don’t compare “video” to film, but rather to painting. We don’t compare “performance art” to theater, but painting has another foe. We don’t compare “installation” to other kinds of exhibitions, but rather to painting. We don’t compare “sound sculpture” to music, but to deaf painting. We don’t even compare “text art” to literature, but rather to inarticulate painting. We don’t compare political protest art with agitprop, but rather with politically irrelevant painting. In each case, painting automatically loses, because it can’t do what those other forms can, and they are thus seen as going beyond the boundaries of painting. This is as stupid, if you stop and think about it, as deeming music inferior to painting because it’s blind.
Probably everyone is familiar with Marina Abramović‘s “The Artist Is Present” performance, so that will be my next example.
In 2010, the performance artist mega-celebrity arranged a now infamous performance in which she sat in a chair in a museum for 7 hours a day, for three weeks, and anyone could sit opposite her and look into her eyes (never mind for the moment that this is highly derivative of a Chris Burden performance of 30 years earlier). Here we have someone performing for an audience, more or less on a stage. The piece takes place in time. It’s live. But do we compare it to a play? If we compare it to traditional visual art it’s a “radical” departure. Why, instead of standing up in front of a painting on a wall, we can sit in front of the actual artist! But if this exact performance were done in the context of theater, there wouldn’t be the sense of the artist going above and beyond the conventional boundaries of the medium of art: we’d see an actor doing much less than the medium of theater usually offers.
Conceptual art has no more in common with painting (or more broadly speaking, visual language art) than it does with music, literature, architecture, interior design, landscaping, agitprop, film, theater, or golf. It deserves its own category, and subcategories. The problem of the antipathy between painting and conceptual art then vanishes. But as long as conceptual art has the upper hand, they don’t want to let go of lording over visual art.
Here’s another anecdote. One of the first times I saw installation art in person was at the Barnsdall Art Park in Los Angeles. I was submitting one of my paintings to an open exhibition. At the time, on exhibit were some non-traditional art works. On one wall someone had dissected and splayed tennis balls in every conceivable configuration. I was amused. Someone else had an interactive sculptural piece which would make sounds as you approached it or stepped on parts of it which were on the ground. I interacted with it for a while, tried to see what kinds of sounds and music I could get going. These kinds of art pieces struck me as fun, and exciting.
I really had no problem with them. I had my own ideas. One was to get all sorts of wheels, such as from grocery carts, wheelbarrows, lawn mowers, skateboards, and mount them all in rows on a wall so you could spin one or more at the same time. They could be arranged by size or material or randomly or by some aesthetic consideration. Bigger wheels would make more noise. Multiple people could spin them at the same time, and for the larger wheels you could use your feet to spin them. A more ambitious idea included suspended gas motors of all sorts, hung from the ceiling, all started up and running at the same time in a gallery. If you start thinking along these lines, conceptual art isn’t really that alien.
My problem with conceptual art started as an undergrad, because conceptual art was privileged above painting, and I was not able to pursue the kind of art that I was truly interested in. Even in painting classes I wasn’t allowed to do what I wanted. In my first term at the school, my painting teacher awarded me a B-, and assured me I’d “never make it to grad school” doing the kind of art I was doing. Here’s one of the paintings I made in her class.
If you’ve got an eye for painting, this really is too good to get a B- in a beginning painting class. Quite naturally, my classmates all agreed with the teacher’s assessment of my work, or kept their mouths shut. From her perspective at the time – she made abstract paintings – this work was rhetorically invalid and antiquated. That’s 26 years ago. And after I graduated this same painting was included in a group show at the Orlando Gallery on Ventura Blvd. in CA. Good enough for a gallery, but not for a beginning painting class. My strategy in art school became to play by their rules, beat them at their own game, and learn from them. When I look back I think I’d rather have just stuck to my guns, but, I really didn’t have a choice because you can’t make paintings like the above in a mandatory “New Genre” class.
I suspect many conceptual artists wouldn’t like having their own category which wouldn’t be any more connected to painting than to dance or literature, because than they’d lose the automatic one-upmanship they have over anyone who attempts to make visually captivating images. What if, say, Koons or Hirst weren’t seen as “radical” at all, but merely conventional practitioners of a certain type of art which has been around for about a century?
Imagine a gunfighter walks into a Kung fu school and challenges anyone to a fight: their fists versus his bullets.. Nobody will accept the challenge, and he declares himself the fighting master. According to his criteria, he has “checkmated all conventional notions” of fighting arts, but from the perspective of the Kung fu masters, he’s not even capable of a real fight. As long as the gunfighter’s paradigm is paramount, he has a vested interest in martial arts and gun-fighting being lumped together under “fighting arts”, in which case he is the easy victor. But if “gun-fighting” is a separate category, he may not even be exceptional at all against other gun-slinging, quick-draw artists, or anyone in the military. This is the drawback for conceptual art of separating it from “visual art” – it loses it’s easy supremacy it never deserved in the first place. Conceptual art frequently is compared to painting on all the terms in which painting can’t compete, and none of the ones in which it can.
Warhol’s Brillo Boxes, which Koon’s balloon dogs don’t go much beyond at all – instead of appropriating commercial objects, Koons appropriated kitsch – were made before I was born. And yet we still use the word “radical” when talking about something that hasn’t been new for half a century. Much of conceptual art is quite conventional, and has been taught in mainstream art institutions for decades. There’s nothing radical about appropriation. It’s art 101. I did it myself 25 years ago. But we see Richard Prince’s breezy appropriation of other people’s Instagram selfies and other posts presented as some grand innovation in art, and selling for tens of thousands a pop. Again, once conceptual art loses it’s timeless “radical” badge, and just becomes one kind of art-making among others, practices which have indefinitely been associated with radical innovation quickly become ad nauseam regurgitation of stale, decade’s old, academic ideas and classroom assignments. In that case, you’ve got to do something really good, and don’t just get points for not doing painting. In other words, the work can be good, assuming it is, without all the rhetoric that says it is important.
I think conceptual artists know that in some senses it’s easier to do conceptual art than more traditional visual art. For one you eliminate a lot of the historical competition: virtually all of it. You don’t have to go up against anything more than 100 years old. You don’t have to skip over anything that’s already been done well before, leaving few options, and some say none.
If my art is using tape, such as exhibiting objects like bicycles which I’ve completely and meticulously covered in clear tape – perhaps in thin layers or else in such a way that thick webbing is formed between the handlebars – I don’t have so much competition. I can experiment with different types of tape, colors, sizes, combinations and so on. I can tape more than one object together so it’s clever or difficult to determine what they were independently. I can affix them to walls. With a little imagination there’s plenty of stuff for the tape artist to do, if this niche hasn’t already been branded and monopolized. You can tape over objects, then cut the tape, carefully remove the object, and re-tape it. Come to think of it, if I took up being the tape artist, right now – I just pulled the idea out of my ass a minute ago – I’d get more attention and respect than I do for what I’ve been working on for years (though the same would be true if I made unicorn paintings or sock puppets). So there’s a way in which one can easily be an avant-gardist just by adopting somewhat conceptual techniques, without changing anything about how progressive or conservative you are, how open-minded or narrow-minded, or what your relationship is to history. Of course you have to work on your spiel. As the tape artist I’d milk metaphors about transparency, obfuscation, grasping to recognize the underlying infrastructure of an object, and so on. One could easily tie it into politics by taping figures, such as mannequins, with different colored tape. You could have different figures wrapped in different colored tape but all wrapped together in clear tape. The possibilities are endless. But to do something new in traditional image-making requires you go beyond what’s already been done, not just do something else.
Let’s look at how a 1974 video by Paul McCarthy is positioned, in terms of art history, in Wikipedia:
In his early works, McCarthy sought to break the limitations of painting by using the body as a paintbrush or even canvas; later, he incorporated bodily fluids or food as substitutes into his works. In a 1974 video, Painting, Wall Whip, he painted with his head and face, “smearing his body with paint and then with ketchup, mayonnaise or raw meat and, in one case, feces.”
Here is that comfortable idea where you can easily transcend the limitations of painting, and painters, by painting with your head, or shit. Painting is reduced to the physical act of delicately applying pigment to a canvas. This is as ridiculous as reducing writing a novel to typing; reducing designing a building to drawing lines with a ruler; or reducing composing a symphony to making squiggly shapes on paper. The limitation of visual art is not how you apply the paint, but what imagery you produce with it. Eliminating imagery, composition, subject matter, and all colors except black (as in the video above) hardly expands the boundaries of painting: it reduces it to an infantile act.
The limitations of painting are the limitations of the imagination. Notice how those who boldly go beyond the limits of painting have very little in the way of offering how they pushed the limits of painting before going beyond them. Duchamp once said:
“I didn’t have any ideas to express. I didn’t, never, considered myself like a professional painter. You know, a professional painter is a man who paints every morning. And he paints quickly or slowly, but he paints all the time. And painting always bored me. Imagine. So, I had a hard time finishing a painting.”
The man who is credited with “checkmating all conventional ideas about art” didn’t have a single unconventional idea about painting to explore. This was HIS limitation, not that of painting. Duchamp submitted his urinal as art in 1917, but Salvador Dali painted “Persistence of Memory” in 1931. Dali successfully pushed the boundaries of painting in a way that nobody had before, 14 years after Duchamp declared painting washed up.
Calm down folks, I know, I know, Dali is a whopping cliché. He was my favorite artist when I was 18, but I’d lost interest by the time I was 19. Nevertheless, “Persistence of Memory” is an unusual painting presenting a novel visual image. If, like me, you have a tendency to turn your nose up at Dali, and find his posturing insufferable, have a look at this short video to help see “Persistence of Memory” afresh.
Some people will reject my solution to the painting vs. conceptual art problem. They will say, “Why separate the arts?” “This is going backwards”. Well, no. It’s removing an artificial packaging of conceptual art (including new genre) with visual art, and apart from film, acting, literature, publicity stunts, cosmetic surgery, music, landscaping, advertising, and so on. Video and performance art that is seen as revolutionary as compared to painting, because it’s not “locked in the rectangle”, can easily become self-indulgent playing, or nothing especially unique, when compared to the acting and props in a film, such as Alejandro Jodorowsky‘s “Holy Mountain” of 1973.
Instead of comparing “Painting, Wall Whip” to Edward Hopper, and from the perspective that Hopper is only capable of limp-wristed paint daubing, let’s compare it to Jodorowsky’s film of a year earlier. Holy Mountain is filled from beginning to end with similar stunts, and can easily be seen as a feature length “performance” + “video”. [Just as an aside, is Evil Knievel a performance artist? Think I’ll need to write an article about that.]
Here’s an actor whipping sculptures of Christ to pieces.
Here’s a painting being pelted with paint balls by some children.
And here are people making paintings with their butts, assembly line fashion.
Oh, but McCarthy used shit! He is more “radical”. In the sequence with the alchemist below, the subject’s shit is turned to gold.
and
Dang! That shit’s on fire!
If one had been lucky enough to see Jodorowsky’s film in ’73, and then saw McCarthy’s “Wall Whip” of ’74, one might not even think to compare it to the tradition of painting, but might instead see it as someone’s attempt to make a scene for a Holy-Mountain-derived home movie. Further, it becomes impossible to see McCarthy’s act of whipping a wall with paint as “revolutionary” when that sort of action was well covered, and even parodied, in a movie of the prior year.
When we look at McCarthy’s mature work, his use of props, sets, prosthetics, and simulations of blood, feces, and bodily fluids are nothing special or shocking if you’ve already seen “Holy Mountain”. Instead, they become familiar, like small-scale, less ambitious, less resolved, deleted scenes. Compare McCarthy’s performance, “Painter”, in which he portrays an Abstract Expressionist using a brush as a penis to penetrate a canvas, while mumbling de Kooning, to the sequence in the film where an artist uses a giant phallus to penetrate a machine.
Here’s McCarthy breaking new ground in 1995:
And here’s Jodorowsky doing something similar, but more elaborate, over 20 years earlier.
Are these prosthetics from a McCarthy performance in the new millennium? Nope, you guessed it, just another still from Holy Mountain.
Does it make more sense to compare McCarthy’s “Painter” to deKooning, as he would want us to, or to the art scenes in Holy Mountain?
I just did a Google search for “Paul McCarthy” and “Jodorowsky” which turned up just a few hits in English, and not a complete sentence or paragraph I can quote. The comparison is not customarily made. However, a search of “Paul McCarthy” and “de Kooning” gets over 28,000 results, the first ten pages of which seem legitimate. Soonish, the only English hit you are going to be able to find comparing McCarthy to Jodorowsky will to lead you here (unless enterprising art critics nick my art criticism). Why am I the only person saying this shit?
Part of the reason is it’s not welcome news in the art world, as it threatens the importance we place of revolutionary art acts within a given narrative of the progression of art history. People’s livelihoods depend on this belief NOT being countered. Additionally, critics benefit from an environment in which conceptual art is agreed upon as superseding traditional visual art. The tools of the critic are ideas, and the core of conceptual art are ideas. Art becomes a game of ideas negotiated by critics, which gives them a purpose and power. Critics and theory are needed just to assess the art. Contemporary art is in part a belief system, and an institutionalized one at that, which panders to the proverbial 1%, who are the only ones who can buy a Koons’ Balloon Dog. The buyers reciprocally have an influence on what is sold, and thus what is taken seriously. It’s like a religion, and I’m a non-believer.
McCarthy’s probable unintentional strategy at one time was to take something from one genre, where it is second rate, and put it in another, where it becomes automatically revolutionary. Of course that is the radical technique of appropriation, or re-contextualization, by which you take something like a neon sign, which wouldn’t hold your attention for more than a few seconds, and put it in an art museum where it becomes timelessly worthy of admiration. For example, take McCarthy’s giant inflatables. He made (or rather, ordered from a business that makes inflatables) a giant balloon dog, a giant crap, and a giant butt plug. As works of art in a gallery/museum context they are ENORMOUS, and their enormity alone signals their importance. But if you compare them to other giant inflatables, then there’s just that little twist of them being about art history, in which case you may chuckle, but not out loud.
McCarthy’s giant butt plug of 2014 pissed off the local Parisians when it was, er, erected, at the Place Vendome in Paris.
Y’know, I have the prescription goggles. I can put them on and see this as a challenging work of conceptual art. But I can also take off the goggles, and recognize it as a giant inflatable, only the size of which elevates its plebeian production momentarily above the clinically mundane. Taken out of the art context the butt plug is on par with the turkey below.
This sort of water-into-wine transmogrification only works if you are a believer in the narrative at hand. You have to believe that art history is moving forward and taking humanity along with it, and you have to believe that these attempts to change the course of art history with the wave of a hand are successful and meaningful. It takes a leap of the imagination some can’t make. And it’s also a leap of the imagination that can be made, and then disavowed as having been a bit of a fantasy. Those cheese graters on a pedestal were only shocking or interesting within a given artificial context one had to already believe in, in which case they become a clever strategic move.
But there is that shadow of doubt that Paul McCarthy slinging a blanket drenched in paint against a wall is NOT really a philosopher breaking through conventional thought and opening up new vistas of the imagination. It could be a kind of sad spectacle of a guy with serious delusions of grandeur. When you think you are changing the course of history by doing an art stunt, there really is a good chance you are fooling yourself.
If one were to challenge McCarthy on his “Tree” or giant crap, or other inflatables, and argue that all he did was call up a company that makes that shit and order up an art piece, he’d counter that he’d thought of it, and that was the art. If you than said that anyone could think of it, he’d argue, “but you didn’t think of it”. I’m not just pulling this out of my ass, I was a good student (3.8 GPA at UCLA), and I remember the paradigms I was taught in my art classes. That was his position in class. But I have a counter. I can think of giant inflatables he hasn’t made, and I can document that thought in a way you will presently see.
Above is my own off-the-cuff idea for a giant inflatable: Sigmund the Sea Monster Dong. There it resides outside the Bilbao Guggenheim. You can see the uncensored version in the article about this piece. I had to remove the uncensored version from other places because, for whatever reason, it became the #1 image that would crop up if you did a Google search of my name. As I was looking for work, it just gave the wrong impression, and I rather suspect I may have lost one teaching job because of it, as the employer seemed unusually interested in my art, which really has no bearing on the position I was applying for.
And here’s my giant cock-blocking Fly, which bars the route to McCarthy’s giant shit-pile.
Thinking of making a giant inflatable isn’t really the hard part, and is about as easy as it might seem. The difficult element is having the money, connections, and brand name to have it made AND get recognition for it.
The overlap between mundane examples of what is traditionally non-visual art and radical breakthroughs in visual art is dumbfounding. Warhol made a career of elevating commercial illustration to high art by, well, positioning it in the museum/gallery context. Koons frequently merely commands his small army of artisans and specially trained experts to make gargantuan versions of ordinary toys. Performance artists make cringe-worthy theater into revolutionary visual art. [By the way, I’m still reflecting on whether or not Evil Knieval was a performance artist.]
Many may disagree. Marina Abramovic, for one, sees a critical difference between her art and theater, and it’s worth examining whether it’s a valid distinction or not:
“To be a performance artist, you have to hate theatre. Theatre is fake… The knife is not real, the blood is not real, and the emotions are not real. Performance is just the opposite: the knife is real, the blood is real, and the emotions are real.”
This is already highly problematic because you have to “hate” another art form, and this is that same mentality of conceptual artists deriding painting. But aside from that bizarre and extremely narrow-minded prejudice, other performance artist’s do not use real blood. Here’s McCarthy distinguishing himself from the Viennese Actionists:
Vienna is not Los Angeles. My work came out of kids’ television in Los Angeles. I didn’t go through Catholicism and World War II as a teenager, I didn’t live in a European environment. People make references to Viennese art without really questioning the fact that there is a big difference between ketchup and blood. I never thought of my work as shamanistic. My work is more about being a clown than a shaman.
But, sure, I know what Marina is talking about. Her art strives to be about real actions, real transformation, and real being. Perhaps the primary constant in her performances was the endurance test. But is this really foreign to theater or film?
In preparation for shooting “The Holy Mountain” Jodorowsky and his wife went without sleep for a week under the supervision of a Japanese Zen master. The cast underwent three months of spiritual training and lived for a month communally in Jodorowsky’s home before production. Actors also imbibed psychedelic mushrooms before certain scenes. These are serious attempts at actual personal transformation, and include lengthy endurance tests. So, no, Abramovic’s reason for hating thea