Document types are used to distinguish between various accounting documents easily and controls the document header. While entering a document you enter the document type in the header section of the document or if you are using any specific transaction code then the document type to that will be defaulted. You can change such defaulted document type from the header section while entering the transaction. But once the document is posted in SAP it can not be changed.
Document types are defined at client level and are therefore valid for all the company codes defined under that client. SAP delivered some standard document type like document type for vendor invoice, customer invoice and so on which can be changed and copied.
Document numbers are defaulted from the number range defined and assigned to a document type. Like number range following settings are defaulted from a document type;
Account type permitted for posting
Field Status of the document header
Whether invoices are posted with the net procedure or not
Posting Key in a document
Posting key is defined at the client level. The posting key used in a document has some controlling function. It specifies;
Account type for posting the document item
Document item as a debit and credit
Field status for the additional data reflected
Each line item in a document exactly has one posting key to tell the system which accounts type is being posted to and whether it’s a debit entry or a credit entry.
In general debit represents posting key 40 and credit represents posting key 50. SAP has delivered different standard posting key for different use. Modifying standard SAP delivered posting key is not recommended. If you want to change a posting key then the best way of changing is copy the standard posting key to a new posting key and then modify the copied posting key.
Transaction Code for Defining Document Type: OBA7
Path for Document Type: Financial Accounting > General Ledger Accounting > Business Transaction > G/L Account Posting > Carry Out and Check document settings > define document type
Transaction Code for Posting Key: OB41
Path for posting key: Financial Accounting > Financial Accounting Global Settings > Document > Line Item > Controls > Define Posting Keys
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