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= Module 6.5: Communication Skills =
== Duration: ==
'''4 hours'''
== 6.5.1 The Four Learning Styles ==
As a trainer, you will be working with trainees of a variety of learning styles different from your own. Knowing your learning style means you can work with it to deliver a training program that uses your strengths and meets the needs of your trainees.
=== If you are the Divergent Learning Style… ===
You are best at using the Concrete Experience (CE) and Reflective Observation (RO) steps in learning. If this is your style, you probably have the ability to view specific situations from many perspectives. For example, you may enjoy brainstorming and small group discussions. You also like to gather information and probably have broad interests. Your tendency may be to watch events rather than participate in them.
To increase your learning power you also need to place emphasis on the Abstract Conceptualization (AC) and Active Experimentation (AE) steps in the learning process. This means forming conclusions from your information, planning the application of these conclusions and actually implementing them.
For example, after watching a role play or listening to a discussion, summarise your observations into clear conclusions. Then decide how and when to test these conclusions in your own situations. Establish criteria to evaluate if the new idea really worked. Do this at the end of every activity in which you are an observer.
To further increase your learning power, take a more active role in the workshop than you might normally choose. Volunteer to be in the role plays, or to lead group discussions. This may be uncomfortable at first but it will give you an opportunity to experiment with your conclusions. It will also give you more experience with trial-and-error learning, something you may tend to avoid in real-life situations.
You may find it useful to discuss workshop topics with someone who has a Converger learning style. This person will help you see possible conclusions and applications you might overlook. You in turn may help them see information they might overlook, and develop more perspective.
You may have a tendency to concentrate on the human side of problems or topics or exercises. This reflects your ability to understand or to sympathise with others’ feelings or points of view, but you may also have a tendency to avoid drawing conclusions about the quantitative or technical aspects of the situation.
Try to develop these skills:
* Collecting and analyzing numerical data.
* Looking for overall patterns in any feedback you get.
* Putting your own feelings aside for a moment and taking a more objective look.
=== If you are the Assimilative Style … ===
You are best at using the Reflective Observation (RO) and Abstract Conceptualization (AC) steps in the learning process. If this is your style, you have the ability to create theoretical models (ideas that predict outcomes and descriptions of how different factors interact).You most likely enjoy inductive reasoning and distilling disparate observations into logical explanations. To increase your learning power, you also need to place more emphasis on the Active Experimentation (AE) and Concrete Experience (CE) steps in the learning process. This involves speeding up your learning cycle by moving into action sooner.
For example, after watching a role play or listening to a discussion, think about ways to immediately apply your conclusions. Look for opportunities to test your new idea during the workshop and personally experience the results. This may require you to conceptualize smaller scale experiments, not the large scale efforts you may prefer. To further increase your learning, be more aware of the feelings and reactions of individuals (including yourself). You may have a tendency to discount intuitive or emotional information. However, much can be learned from a person’s tone of voice, facial expressions, and other body language. Much of this data is preliminary in nature and hard to analyse in a logical fashion, but it provides an early warning about how things are going or if an idea has been understood.
You may have a preference for examining the quantitative or “thing” aspects of a situation. Your conclusions may be based primarily on policies, official relations, or formulas developed in other situations. This can cause you to be over-cautious about experimenting and miss opportunities for learning. No two situations are exactly alike. Put more effort into trying ideas, skills, or concepts. Then pay attention to the way things actually happen. It is often different than the way things are “supposed” to happen. Your ability to deal with non-quantitative data will increase if you get involved in interpersonal activities (role plays, simulations, discussions) more frequently. Take an active role and express your feelings. Others will do the same and this will give you experience handling this data.
Enter into discussions with people whose primary learning style is Accommodative. Note the value they place on intuition as a decision- making device. Research shows that in many situations intuition is more effective than logic. Try to implement their suggestions even if they can’t provide a supporting rationale, or perhaps you can help them think through the rationale.
Try to add these learning skills:
* Seeking and exploring possibilities
* Influencing others
* Being personally involved
* Dealing with the people side of issues you work on, particularly how to get the support of key individuals whose help you will need
=== If you are the Convergent Style… ===
You are best at using the Abstract Conceptualization and Active Experimentation steps in the learning process. If this is your style, you have the ability to find practical application for ideas, concepts, and theories. In particular, you enjoy situations in which there is a single of best answer to a question or problem. You may usually assume there is one best answer and use technical analysis to reveal it. You too may prefer to deal with technical issues rather than people issues.
To increase your learning power you need to place even more emphasis on the Concrete Experience and Reflective Observation steps in the learning process. This means placing a higher value on gathering and understanding non-quantitative information by looking at a situation from different perspectives. The result may seem to slow your learning process. In fact, it will speed the long-term accuracy by ensuring you are learning the most important things.
For example, while watching a role play or listening to a lecture, you may be thinking about how the topic or technique applies to your situation. Before making a decision, however, try to get other people’s perspectives. Listen to their ideas, comments, and questions. You may discover the situation has elements you weren’t considering. This may influence how you apply your learning.
To further increase your learning, try to take a less active role in the workshop than you might usually take. Spend some time really listening to others’ ideas. Try to see the world as they see it, to understand their feelings and values. Play an observer role from time to time and avoid making judgments or decisions about how well others are doing. Instead, try to understand why they are saying or doing something. This may lead you to new and eventually useful information.
You will find it important to discuss workshop topics with someone who has a Divergent learning style. This person will see both questions and possibilities you might tend to ignore or avoid. You may help them see how to apply some of their ideas.
You may have a tendency to concentrate on the “things” side of problems, topics, or exercises. You may underestimate the impact people’s values and emotions have on the way systems actually work. Avoid coming to quick conclusions.
Try to add these skills:
* Listening with an open mind
* Gathering information
* Imagining the implications of situations
=== If you are the Accommodative Style … ===
You are best at using the Active Experimentation (AE) and Concrete Learning (CL) steps in the learning process. If this is your style, you have the ability to learn primarily from hands-on experience. You probably enjoy carrying out plans and involving yourself in new and challenging experiences.
Your tendency may be to act on intuition and gut feel rather than careful analysis. When a thoughtful approach does not seem to be working out, you will be quick to discard it and improvise.
To increase your learning power, you need to place even more emphasis on the Reflective Observation (RO) and Abstract Conceptualization (AC) steps in the learning process. This means collecting and analyzing more information about the results of your efforts. Your batting average in the trial and error method of learning will increase if you learn more than you currently do from each of your trials.
When watching a role play, you may feel frustrated and prefer to be doing the plan yourself. Your tendency might be to think of how you would do the same activity. However, to develop your Reflective and Abstract skills, you should examine other, less personal aspects of the situation. Here are questions you might ask: What basic point does the exercise prove or disprove? What other information aside from your personal experience do you have that relates to the same topic? Does this exercise help you understand why certain techniques work (not just what the techniques are or how to use them)? To further increase your learning power try to take a less physically active part in the workshop than you might normally choose. Be more mentally active. Volunteer to be an observer in some exercises, not a doer. This will give you an opportunity to reflect on other people’s experiences and learn from their trial and error.
You will find it useful to discuss workshop topics with someone who has an Assimilative learning style. This person will help you see information you might otherwise miss. They will also help you see the hidden logic and patterns in situations. You can often use this perspective to guide your intuition. You in turn can help them see new possibilities and opportunities to try out their ideas.
You may have a tendency to concentrate on the urgent aspects of a situation, favouring immediate utility over long-term understanding. To increase your learning, keep notes on your experiences, analyze them, and look for patterns. In other words, look for the forest as well as the trees. Take more time to get other people’s perspective on what has happened (or what you are about to do) during the workshop.
The particular skills you want to add are:
# Organizing information
# Building conceptual models
# Testing theories and ideas
'''Similarities and Preference Patterns in your Group '''
{| style="border-spacing:0;"
| style="border-top:0.0139in solid #808080;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| Group
| style="border:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"| Ways to include this group in training
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| Accommodative Style
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| Convergent Style
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| Divergent Style
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
|-
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|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| Assimilative Style
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
|}
'''My Training Style'''
Look at what you plan to do in your 15-minute workshop. Have you chosen something that fits in well with your own learning style?
Here is a review of each style.
=== The Converger (AC / AE) ===
* Practical application of ideas
* Good at closed-ended, “thing” problems
* Can focus on specific problems
* Can apply concepts
* Relatively unemotional (engineers/accountants)
=== The Diverger (CE / RO) ===
* Imaginative ability
* Views concrete situations from many points of view
* Brainstormer
* People-oriented
* Emotional (personnel managers)
=== The Assimilator (AC / RO) ===
* Creator of theoretical models
* Inductive reasoner
* Likes abstract concepts
* Can assimilate separate observations into an integrated
* Explanation (research and planning departments)
=== The Accommodator (CE / AE) ===
* Doer
* Carries out plans and experiments
* Risk-taker
* Adapter
* Likes to go by the seat of the pants (marketing and sales)
=== Individual Exercise ===
As I reflect on my most successful experience as a trainer, I remember…
What I like best about being a trainer is…
My favourite instructional technique is…
What I find most difficult about being a trainer is…
=== About The Trainer Type Inventory ===
Each of us is influenced not just by our own learning style, but also by our training type.
As agents of change, most trainers are continually aware of changes in themselves. As you facilitate growth and development in others, you struggle to improve yourself, and to become a more effective leader, planner, presenter, and facilitator.
Once you have recognized that learners have preferences for the way they learn, you become more motivated to help them:
* Learn even better in their own preference, where they are comfortable.
* Become more willing to expand their comfort level.
* Try other new techniques and new behaviours to enhance their own learning. The Trainer Type Inventory
The Trainer Type Inventory (TTI) is designed to help you as a trainer identify your preferred training methods in order to:
* Identify the areas in which you have the greatest skill and expertise, so you can share this expertise with other trainers in this workshop.
* Identify the areas where you will want to increase your skills, thereby increasing your ability to address all aspects of the learning cycle.
* Change and growth can become more meaningful, more useful, and more exciting for everyone involved when we grow as trainers, right along with the people we are training.
Malcolm Knowles (1984) says that adults will learn “no matter what.” Learning is as natural as rest or play. With or without workbooks, visual aids, inspiring trainers or classrooms, adults will manage to learn. Trainers can however make a difference in what people learn and how well they learn. If adults (and, many believe, children as well) know when they are learning and if the reason fits their needs as they perceive them (the “So what?”) they will learn quickly and deeply.
There have been other attempts to categorize how trainers train. At first it was thought that trainers would prefer to train others in the style they preferred for learning. However, research has since discovered that there is very little significant relationship between a trainer’s own learning style and training–style preferences.
=== Introduction to the TTI ===
The Trainer Type Inventory identifies four different training types: a Listener, a Director, an Interpreter, and a Coach. Generally we have a preference for one type or another, even though we need all four types to be a successful trainer.
The Training Type Inventory (TTI) has often been administered in conjunction with Kolb’s Learning Style Inventory. It has been used often enough to have some validity for trainers. It is not a psychological tool, but an exercise to help us recognize our own specific trainer development needs.
=== Completing Trainer Type Inventory ===
There are twelve sets of four words or phrases listed below. Rank order the words or phrases in each set by assigning a 4 to the word or phrase that most closely applies to or reflects your personal training style, a 3 to the word or phrase that next best applies to your training style, a 2 to the one that next applies to your training style, and a 1 to the word or phrase that is least descriptive of your training style.
You may find it difficult to rank the items. Be assured that there is no right or wrong answers; the purpose of the inventory is to describe the style in which you train most often, not how effectively you train.
{| style="border-spacing:0;"
| style="border-top:0.0139in solid #808080;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| Question
| style="border-top:0.0139in solid #808080;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| Choices
| style="border:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"| Your Ranking
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| 1.
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| a) Subgroups
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| b) Lectures
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| c) Readings
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| d) Lecture discussions
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| 2.
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| a) Showing
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| b) Perceiving
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| c) Helping
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| d) Hearing
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| 3.
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| a) Symbols
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| b) Actions
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| c) People
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| d) Instructions
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
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| style="border-top:0.0139in solid #808080;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| 4.
| style="border-top:0.0139in solid #808080;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| a) Small group discussions
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| b) Free expression
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|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| c) Little participation
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| d) Time to think
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| 5.
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| a) Immediate personal feedback
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| b) Objective tests
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| c) Subjective tests
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| d) Personal evaluation
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| 6.
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| a) Expert
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| b) Scholar
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| c) Advisor
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| d) Friend
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| 7.
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| a) Theory
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| b) Practical skills
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| c) Application to real life
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| d) New ways of seeing things
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| 8.
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| a) Coach
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| b) Listener
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| c) Directory
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| d) Interpreter
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| 9.
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| a) Seeing “who”
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| b) Telling “how”
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| c) Finding “why”
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| d) Asking “what”
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| 10.
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| a) Processing
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| b) Generalizing
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| c) Doing
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| d) Publishing
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| 11.
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| a) Lead them to understand it
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| b) Leave them to do it
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| c) Let them enjoy it
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| d) Get them to think about it
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| 12.
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| a) It’s yours
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| b) It’s ours
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| c) It’s mine
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| d) It’s theirs
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"|
|}
=== Scoring ===
Each word or phrase in each of the twelve sets on the TTI corresponds to one of four training styles, which will be described on the TTI Interpretation Sheet. To compute your scale scores for each type, transfer your numerical ranking for each item on the inventory to the appropriate space in the columns below. Then add up the numbers in each column and enter the totals in the spaces below the columns. The totals are your scores for the four training types.
{| style="border-spacing:0;"
| style="border-top:0.0139in solid #808080;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0201in;"| TOTALS:
| style="border-top:0.0139in solid #808080;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0201in;"| L
| style="border-top:0.0139in solid #808080;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0201in;"| D
| style="border-top:0.0139in solid #808080;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0201in;"| I
| style="border:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0201in;"| C
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0201in;"| 1a:
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0201in;"| 1b:
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0201in;"| 1c:
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0201in;"| 1d:
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0201in;"| 2b:
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0201in;"| 2a:
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0201in;"| 2b:
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0201in;"| 2c:
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0201in;"| 3c:
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0201in;"| 3d:
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0201in;"| 3a:
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0201in;"| 3b:
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0201in;"| 4b:
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0201in;"| 4c:
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0201in;"| 4d:
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0201in;"| 4a:
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0201in;"| 5a:
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0201in;"| 5b:
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0201in;"| 5c:
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0201in;"| 5d:
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0201in;"| 6d:
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0201in;"| 6a:
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0201in;"| 6b:
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0201in;"| 6c:
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0201in;"| 7c:
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0201in;"| 7d:
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0201in;"| 7a:
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0201in;"| 7b:
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0201in;"| 8b:
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0201in;"| 8c:
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0201in;"| 8d:
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0201in;"| 8a:
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0201in;"| 9a:
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0201in;"| 9b:
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0201in;"| 9c:
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0201in;"| 9d:
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0201in;"| 10d:
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0201in;"| 10a:
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0201in;"| 10b:
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0201in;"| 10c:
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0201in;"| 11c:
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0201in;"| 11d:
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0201in;"| 11a:
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0201in;"| 11b:
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0201in;"| 12b:
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0201in;"| 12c:
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0201in;"| 12d:
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0201in;"| 12a:
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0201in;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0201in;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0201in;"|
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0201in;"|
|}
=== Interpreting Trainer Type Inventory ===
Your lowest score is your least preferred training type, and offers you the greatest opportunity for growth and development. Your highest score is your most preferred type. On possible implication here, if this score is too high, is that you may be using your preferred style to excess. You may need to develop your skill in the other training styles in order to present information in ways that make sense to a greater range of participants.
The Trainer Type Inventory describes four training approaches: Listener, Director, Interpreter, or Coach. Each of the four training styles identified by the TTI is characterized by a certain training approach, way of presenting content, and relationship between the trainer and the trainees. The following are the primary characteristics of the trainer for each of the four training types.
{| style="border-spacing:0;"
| style="border-top:0.0139in solid #808080;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| Listener (L)
| style="border:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"| Director (D)
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| * Creates an effective learning environment
* Trains the Concrete Experiencer most effectively
* Encourages learners to express personal needs freely
* Assures that everyone is heard
* Shows awareness of individual group members
* Reads nonverbal behaviour
* Prefers that trainees talk more than the trainer
* Wants learners to be self-directed and autonomous
* Exposes own emotions and experiences
* Shows empathy
* Feels comfortable with all types of expression (words, gestures, hugs, music, art etc.)
* Does not seem to worry about the training
* Stays in the here-and-now
* Is practical (goes with the flow)
* Appears relaxed and unhurried
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"| * Creates a perceptual learning environment
* Trains the Reflective Observer most effectively
* Takes charge
* Gives directions
* Prepares notes and outlines
* Appears self-confident
* Is well organized
* Evaluates with objective criteria
* Is the final judge of what is learned
* Uses lectures
* Is conscientious (sticks to the announced agenda)
* Concentrates on a single item at a time
* Tells participants what to do
* Is conscious of time
* Develops contingency plans
* Provides examples
* Limits and controls participation
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| Interpreter (I)
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"| Coach (C)
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| * Creates a symbolic leaning environment
* Trains the Abstract Conceptualiser most effectively
* Encourages learners to memorize and master terms and rules
* Makes connections (ties past to the present, is concerned with the flow of the training design)
* Integrates theories and events
* Shares ideas but not feelings
* Acknowledges others' interpretations as well as own
* Uses theory as a foundation
* Encourages generalizations
* Presents well-constructed interpretations
* Listens for thoughts; often overlooks emotions
* Wants trainees to have a thorough understanding of facts, terminology
* Uses case studies, lectures, readings
* Encourages learners to think independently
* Provides information based on objective data
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"| * Creates a behavioural learning environment
* Trains the Active Experimenter most effectively
* Allows learners to evaluate their own progress
* Involves trainees in activities, discussions
* Encourages experimentation with practical applications
* Puts trainees in touch with one another
* Draws on the strengths of the group
* Uses trainees as resources
* Helps trainees to verbalize what they already know
* Acts as facilitator to make the experience more comfortable and meaningful
* Is clearly in charge
* Uses activities, projects and problems based on real life
* Encourages active participation
|}
Each type also trains in a different way.
* The Listener trains the Concrete Experiencer most effectively, and is very comfortable in the activity and publishing steps of the Experiential Learning Cycle.
* The Director obtains the best results from the Reflective Observer, and is usually very comfortable during Step 3, which is processing (particularly in helping trainees make the transition from “How do I feel about this?” to “Now what?”).
* The Interpreter trains in the style favoured by the Abstract Conceptualiser (Step 4, generalizing).
* The Coach trains in the style favoured by the Active Experimenter (Step 5, applying)
These relationships are indicated in the table below.
{| style="border-spacing:0;"
| style="border-top:0.0139in solid #808080;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"|
| style="border-top:0.0139in solid #808080;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| L
Listener
| style="border-top:0.0139in solid #808080;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| D
Director
| style="border-top:0.0139in solid #808080;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| I
Interpreter
| style="border:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"| C
Coach
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| Learning Environment
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| Affective
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| Perceptual
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| Symbolic
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:0.0139in solid #808080;padding:0.0194in;"| Behavioural
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| Dominant Learning Style
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| Concrete Experiencer
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| Reflective Observer
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.0194in;"| Abstract conceputaliser
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.0139in solid #808080;border-left:0.0139in