← Older revision
Revision as of 02:34, 13 August 2013
(3 intermediate revisions by one user not shown)
Line 1:
Line 1:
__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
{{Atrial flutter}}
{{Atrial flutter}}
−
{{CMG}}
;
; {{VR}}
+
{{CMG}}; {{VR}}
==Overview==
==Overview==
Line 10:
Line 10:
Life-threatening causes include conditions which result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
Life-threatening causes include conditions which result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
−
*
+
*
[[Carbon monoxide poisoning]]
−
+
*[[Myocardial ischemia]]
+
*[[Pulmonary embolism]]
===Common Causes===
===Common Causes===
Line 19:
Line 20:
* [[Hypertension]]
* [[Hypertension]]
* [[Hyperthyroidism]]
* [[Hyperthyroidism]]
−
* [[Mitral valve
diseases
]]<ref name="pmid23280242">{{cite journal |author=Gutierrez SD, Earing MG, Singh AK, Tweddell JS, Bartz PJ |title=Atrial Tachyarrhythmias and the Cox-maze Procedure in Congenital Heart Disease |journal=Congenit Heart Dis |volume= |issue= |pages= |year=2012 |month=December |pmid=23280242 |doi=10.1111/chd.12031 |url=}}</ref>
+
* [[
Mitral stenosis|
Mitral valve
disease
]]<ref name="pmid23280242">{{cite journal |author=Gutierrez SD, Earing MG, Singh AK, Tweddell JS, Bartz PJ |title=Atrial Tachyarrhythmias and the Cox-maze Procedure in Congenital Heart Disease |journal=Congenit Heart Dis |volume= |issue= |pages= |year=2012 |month=December |pmid=23280242 |doi=10.1111/chd.12031 |url=
}}</ref> <ref name="Granada-2000">{{Cite journal | last1 = Granada | first1 = J. | last2 = Uribe | first2 = W. | last3 = Chyou | first3 = PH. | last4 = Maassen | first4 = K. | last5 = Vierkant | first5 = R. | last6 = Smith | first6 = PN. | last7 = Hayes | first7 = J. | last8 = Eaker | first8 = E. | last9 = Vidaillet | first9 = H. | title = Incidence and predictors of atrial flutter in the general population. | journal = J Am Coll Cardiol | volume = 36 | issue = 7 | pages = 2242-6 | month = Dec | year = 2000 | doi = | PMID = 11127467
}}</ref>
===Causes by Organ System===
===Causes by Organ System===
Line 64:
Line 65:
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
| '''Iatrogenic'''
−
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cardiac surgery]], [[cardiac transplantation]], [[heart bypass surgery]], [[incomplete
left atrial
ablation procedures]], [[open heart surgery
]], [[post atrial fibrillation ablation
]], [[temporary cardiac pacing]]
+
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cardiac surgery]], [[cardiac transplantation]], [[heart bypass surgery]], [[
Catheter ablation|
incomplete ablation procedures]], [[open heart surgery]], [[temporary cardiac pacing]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
| '''Infectious Disease'''
−
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Coxsackie A virus#Diseases|
Neonatal
coxsackie myocarditis]], [[rheumatic fever]]
+
|bgcolor="Beige"|
[[Amoebiasis]],
[[Coxsackie A virus#Diseases|
neonatal
coxsackie myocarditis]], [[rheumatic fever]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
Line 140:
Line 141:
{{col-break|width=33%}}
{{col-break|width=33%}}
*[[Holiday heart syndrome|Alcohol (especially binge drinking)]]
*[[Holiday heart syndrome|Alcohol (especially binge drinking)]]
+
*[[Amoebiasis]]<ref name="Murali-2011">{{Cite journal | last1 = Murali | first1 = A. | last2 = Balu | first2 = K. | last3 = Paari | first3 = V. | last4 = Rajendiran | first4 = G. | title = Atrial flutter and pericarditis--a rare complication of right lobe amoebic liver abscess. | journal = Med J Malaysia | volume = 66 | issue = 5 | pages = 499-500 | month = Dec | year = 2011 | doi = | PMID = 22390111 }}</ref>
*[[Amphetamines]]
*[[Amphetamines]]
*[[Ankylosing spondylitis]]
*[[Ankylosing spondylitis]]
Line 149:
Line 151:
*[[Carbon monoxide poisoning]]
*[[Carbon monoxide poisoning]]
*[[Cardiac surgery]]<ref name="pmid23279349">{{cite journal |author=Fukamizu S, Sakurada H, Hayashi T, ''et al.'' |title=Macroreentrant Atrial Tachycardia in Patients without Previous Atrial Surgery or Catheter Ablation: Clinical and Electrophysiological Characteristics of Scar-Related Left Atrial Anterior Wall Reentry |journal=J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol. |volume= |issue= |pages= |year=2012 |month=November |pmid=23279349 |doi=10.1111/jce.12059 |url=}}</ref>
*[[Cardiac surgery]]<ref name="pmid23279349">{{cite journal |author=Fukamizu S, Sakurada H, Hayashi T, ''et al.'' |title=Macroreentrant Atrial Tachycardia in Patients without Previous Atrial Surgery or Catheter Ablation: Clinical and Electrophysiological Characteristics of Scar-Related Left Atrial Anterior Wall Reentry |journal=J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol. |volume= |issue= |pages= |year=2012 |month=November |pmid=23279349 |doi=10.1111/jce.12059 |url=}}</ref>
−
*[[Cardiac transplantation]]
+
*[[Cardiac transplantation]]
<ref name="Nevzorov-2012">{{Cite journal | last1 = Nevzorov | first1 = R. | last2 = Ben-Gal | first2 = T. | last3 = Strasberg | first3 = B. | last4 = Haim | first4 = M. | title = Atrial flutter in a post-transplant recipient. | journal = Isr Med Assoc J | volume = 14 | issue = 7 | pages = 448-9 | month = Jul | year = 2012 | doi = | PMID = 22953623 }}</ref>
*[[Cardiomyopathy]]
*[[Cardiomyopathy]]
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]
Line 157:
Line 159:
*[[Coronary artery disease]]
*[[Coronary artery disease]]
*[[Crohn's disease]]
*[[Crohn's disease]]
−
*[[Diabetes]]
+
*[[Digitalis toxicity]]
<ref name="FRIEDBERG-1960">{{Cite journal | last1 = FRIEDBERG | first1 = CK. | last2 = DONOSO | first2 = E. | title = Arrhythmias and conduction disturbances due to digitalis. | journal = Prog Cardiovasc Dis | volume = 2 | issue = | pages = 408-31 | month = Mar | year = 1960 | doi = | PMID = 13825021 }}</ref>
−
*[[Digitalis toxicity]]
+
*[[Dilated cardiomyopathy]]
*[[Dilated cardiomyopathy]]
*[[Disopyramide]]
*[[Disopyramide]]
Line 169:
Line 170:
*[[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]]
*[[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]]
*[[Hypoxia]]
*[[Hypoxia]]
−
*[[Incomplete
left atrial
ablation procedures]]
+
*[[
Catheter ablation|
Incomplete ablation procedures]]
*[[Ischemic heart disease]]
*[[Ischemic heart disease]]
*[[The heart in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis#3. Systemic onset of juvenile idiopathic arthritis|juvenile idiopathic arthritis]]
*[[The heart in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis#3. Systemic onset of juvenile idiopathic arthritis|juvenile idiopathic arthritis]]
Line 178:
Line 179:
*[[Mitral valve prolapse]]
*[[Mitral valve prolapse]]
*[[Mitral valve stenosis]]
*[[Mitral valve stenosis]]
−
*[[Myocardial infarction]]
+
*[[Myocardial infarction]]
<ref name="pmid14246092">{{cite journal| author=JULIAN DG, VALENTINE PA, MILLER GG| title=DISTURBANCES OF RATE, RHYTHM AND CONDUCTION IN ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF 100 CONSECUTIVE UNSELECTED PATIENTS WITH THE AID OF ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC MONITORING. | journal=Am J Med | year= 1964 | volume= 37 | issue= | pages= 915-27 | pmid=14246092 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14246092 }} </ref>
*[[Myocardial ischemia]]
*[[Myocardial ischemia]]
*[[Myotonic dystrophy]]
*[[Myotonic dystrophy]]
Line 185:
Line 186:
*[[Obstructive sleep apnea]]
*[[Obstructive sleep apnea]]
*[[Open heart surgery]]
*[[Open heart surgery]]
−
{{col-break|width=33%}}
*[[Orlistat]]
*[[Orlistat]]
+
{{col-break|width=33%}}
*[[Pericarditis]]
*[[Pericarditis]]
*[[Pheochromocytoma]]
*[[Pheochromocytoma]]
*[[Pneumonia]]
*[[Pneumonia]]
−
*[[Post atrial fibrillation ablation]]
*[[Procainamide]]
*[[Procainamide]]
*[[Propafenone]]
*[[Propafenone]]
Line 200:
Line 200:
*[[Rheumatic heart disease]]
*[[Rheumatic heart disease]]
*[[Sarcoidosis]]<ref name="pmid23233762">{{cite journal |author=Namboodiri N, Stiles MK, Young GD, Sanders P |title=Electrophysiological features of atrial flutter in cardiac sarcoidosis: a report of two cases |journal=Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J |volume=12 |issue=6 |pages=284–9 |year=2012 |month=November |pmid=23233762 |pmc=3513242 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*[[Sarcoidosis]]<ref name="pmid23233762">{{cite journal |author=Namboodiri N, Stiles MK, Young GD, Sanders P |title=Electrophysiological features of atrial flutter in cardiac sarcoidosis: a report of two cases |journal=Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J |volume=12 |issue=6 |pages=284–9 |year=2012 |month=November |pmid=23233762 |pmc=3513242 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
−
*[[Sick sinus syndrome]]
+
*[[Sick sinus syndrome]]
<ref name="Varma-2011">{{Cite journal | last1 = Varma | first1 = N. | last2 = Helms | first2 = R. | last3 = Benson | first3 = DW. | last4 = Sanagala | first4 = T. | title = Congenital sick sinus syndrome with atrial inexcitability and coronary sinus flutter. | journal = Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol | volume = 4 | issue = 5 | pages = e52-8 | month = Oct | year = 2011 | doi = 10.1161/CIRCEP.111.964213 | PMID = 22010118 }}</ref>
−
*[[Spondyloarthritis]]
+
*[[Spondyloarthritis]]
<ref name="Tolat-2010">{{Cite journal | last1 = Tolat | first1 = A. | last2 = Krishnan | first2 = S. | last3 = Lippman | first3 = N. | last4 = Dell'Orfano | first4 = J. | last5 = Berns | first5 = E. | title = Advanced heart block and atrial flutter in a patient with HLA B27 spondyloarthropathy. | journal = Europace | volume = 12 | issue = 6 | pages = 903-4 | month = Jun | year = 2010 | doi = 10.1093/europace/euq008 | PMID = 20118489 }}</ref>
*[[Stress]]
*[[Stress]]
*[[Subarachnoid hemorrhage]]
*[[Subarachnoid hemorrhage]]