2017-01-29

ENVIRONMENTAL-OSM: WHAT CAN TREES TELL US ABOUT CLIMATE CHANGE?

← Older revision

Revision as of 04:41, 29 January 2017

(4 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)

Line 1:

Line 1:

'''ENVIRONMENTAL-OSM: WHAT CAN TREES TELL US ABOUT CLIMATE CHANGE?'''

'''ENVIRONMENTAL-OSM: WHAT CAN TREES TELL US ABOUT CLIMATE CHANGE?'''

+

Environmental OSM is an attempt to provide OpenStreetMap tools to help tackle global warming, sustainable development and biodiversity. OpenStreetMap is proving to be an invaluable tool for a wide variety of projects & industries throughout the world and it also has the potential to help many environmental projects.

Environmental OSM is an attempt to provide OpenStreetMap tools to help tackle global warming, sustainable development and biodiversity. OpenStreetMap is proving to be an invaluable tool for a wide variety of projects & industries throughout the world and it also has the potential to help many environmental projects.

Scientists at the National Weather Service have been keeping track of weather in the United States since 1891. But trees can keep a much longer record of Earth’s climate. In fact, trees can live for hundreds—and sometimes even thousands—of years!

Scientists at the National Weather Service have been keeping track of weather in the United States since 1891. But trees can keep a much longer record of Earth’s climate. In fact, trees can live for hundreds—and sometimes even thousands—of years!

Line 5:

Line 6:

'''WHY ARE TREES SO IMPORTANT?'''

'''WHY ARE TREES SO IMPORTANT?'''

+

As the biggest plants on the planet, they give us oxygen, store carbon, stabilize the soil and give life to the world’s wildlife. They also provide us with the materials for tools and shelter.

As the biggest plants on the planet, they give us oxygen, store carbon, stabilize the soil and give life to the world’s wildlife. They also provide us with the materials for tools and shelter.

Not only are trees essential for life, but as the longest living species on earth, they give us a link between the past, present and future.

Not only are trees essential for life, but as the longest living species on earth, they give us a link between the past, present and future.

Line 10:

Line 12:

'''TREE'S GROWTH RATE CHANGES'''

'''TREE'S GROWTH RATE CHANGES'''

+

Because trees are sensitive to local climate conditions, such as rain and temperature, they give scientists some information about that area’s local climate in the past. For example, tree rings usually grow wider in warm, wet years and they are thinner in years when it is cold and dry. If the tree has experienced stressful conditions, such as a drought, the tree might hardly grow at all in those years.

Because trees are sensitive to local climate conditions, such as rain and temperature, they give scientists some information about that area’s local climate in the past. For example, tree rings usually grow wider in warm, wet years and they are thinner in years when it is cold and dry. If the tree has experienced stressful conditions, such as a drought, the tree might hardly grow at all in those years.

'''GROWTH RINGS'''

'''GROWTH RINGS'''

+

One way that scientists use trees to learn about past climate is by studying a tree’s rings.

One way that scientists use trees to learn about past climate is by studying a tree’s rings.

A tree's growth rate changes in a predictable pattern throughout the year in response to seasonal climate changes, resulting in visible growth rings.

A tree's growth rate changes in a predictable pattern throughout the year in response to seasonal climate changes, resulting in visible growth rings.



GEOGRAPHICAL PATTERNS OF RING WIDTHS

+

'''
GEOGRAPHICAL PATTERNS OF RING WIDTHS
'''

+

Critical to the science, trees from the same region tend to develop the same patterns of ring widths for a given period of historical study. These patterns can be compared and matched ring for ring with trees growing at the same time in the same geographical zone and therefore under similar climatic conditions. When these tree-ring patterns are carried back, from tree to tree in the same locale, chronologies (tree-ring history)can be built up for entire geographical regions.

Critical to the science, trees from the same region tend to develop the same patterns of ring widths for a given period of historical study. These patterns can be compared and matched ring for ring with trees growing at the same time in the same geographical zone and therefore under similar climatic conditions. When these tree-ring patterns are carried back, from tree to tree in the same locale, chronologies (tree-ring history)can be built up for entire geographical regions.

A tree-ring history whose beginning and end dates are not known can be anchored by cross-matching a section against another chronology whose dates are known. A fully anchored and cross-matched oak and pine chronology in central Europe extends back 12,460 years.

A tree-ring history whose beginning and end dates are not known can be anchored by cross-matching a section against another chronology whose dates are known. A fully anchored and cross-matched oak and pine chronology in central Europe extends back 12,460 years.

Line 24:

Line 28:

'''OFFICIAL BIODIVERSITY DATA REPOSITORIES INDEXED BY GBIF'''

'''OFFICIAL BIODIVERSITY DATA REPOSITORIES INDEXED BY GBIF'''

+

The Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) is an international open data infrastructure, funded by governments. It allows anyone, anywhere to access data about all types of life on Earth, shared across national boundaries via the Internet. By encouraging and helping institutions to publish data according to common standards, GBIF enables research not possible before, and informs better decisions to conserve and sustainably use the biological resources of the planet.

The Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) is an international open data infrastructure, funded by governments. It allows anyone, anywhere to access data about all types of life on Earth, shared across national boundaries via the Internet. By encouraging and helping institutions to publish data according to common standards, GBIF enables research not possible before, and informs better decisions to conserve and sustainably use the biological resources of the planet.

'''COMMUNITY-BASED DATA CONTRIBUTIONS'''

'''COMMUNITY-BASED DATA CONTRIBUTIONS'''

+

Scientific tree inventory data helps both, environmental institutions and communities, to create plans for forest management, environmental conservation and climate change adaption.

Scientific tree inventory data helps both, environmental institutions and communities, to create plans for forest management, environmental conservation and climate change adaption.

Citizen Science based data collections are expected to increase public participation in citizen science research, broaden understanding of the natural world, and provide the foundation

Citizen Science based data collections are expected to increase public participation in citizen science research, broaden understanding of the natural world, and provide the foundation

Line 38:

Line 44:

'''DARWIN-CORE STANDARDIZED OSM-DATA COMPATIBLE WITH GBIF'''

'''DARWIN-CORE STANDARDIZED OSM-DATA COMPATIBLE WITH GBIF'''

+

Following the above cited objectives of ENVIRONMENTAL-OSM we promote the integration of highly valuable community data like OSM and contributors with official data form.

Following the above cited objectives of ENVIRONMENTAL-OSM we promote the integration of highly valuable community data like OSM and contributors with official data form.

Our examples are superlative trees, already broadly registered and described in scientific literature, environmental institutions and communities, e.g. in:

Our examples are superlative trees, already broadly registered and described in scientific literature, environmental institutions and communities, e.g. in:



#
[[
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_superlative_trees
]]

+

# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_superlative_trees



#
[[
http://www.monumentaltrees.com/en/
]]

+

# http://www.monumentaltrees.com/en/



#
[[
http://www.gbif.org/
]]

+

# http://www.gbif.org/



#
[[
http://eol.org/
]]

+

# http://eol.org/

'''OUR RESULTS'''

'''OUR RESULTS'''

+

Our biological occurrences are represented by ordinary OMS-nodes (POI-data), and as such, all registers and nodes can be

Our biological occurrences are represented by ordinary OMS-nodes (POI-data), and as such, all registers and nodes can be

found and explored inside OSM, applying e.g. TAGINFO- and OVERPASS-queries like:

found and explored inside OSM, applying e.g. TAGINFO- and OVERPASS-queries like:



https://overpass-turbo.eu/?w="dwc:scientificName"=*+global&R

+

+

https://overpass-turbo.eu/?w="dwc:scientificName"=*+global&R

+

and

and



https://overpass-turbo.eu/?w="dwc:scientificName"="Bristlecone pine"+global&R

+

+

https://overpass-turbo.eu/?w="dwc:scientificName"="Bristlecone
pine"+global&R

+

or exported as “raw data” to the csv-based DWC-A-format

or exported as “raw data” to the csv-based DWC-A-format

+

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwin_Core_Archive

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwin_Core_Archive

+

supported, among many others, by GBIF an EOL.

supported, among many others, by GBIF an EOL.

+

'''OUR OBJECTIVE'''

'''OUR OBJECTIVE'''

+

We are hopeful that our “prototype survey” may be a useful example for further “OSM-based” and “DWC/GBIF-compatible” tree data collections.

We are hopeful that our “prototype survey” may be a useful example for further “OSM-based” and “DWC/GBIF-compatible” tree data collections.

Show more