Garlic adds a wonderfully pungent aroma and flavor to foods — and it’s got health benefits as well, having been used to help treat everything from high blood pressure to skin infections. So why is it that something so good for your body is so bad for your breath? Garlic contains four major organic compounds responsible for the reek in your breath: diallyl disulfide, allyl methyl sulfide, allyl mercaptan and allyl methyl disulfide. Interestingly, none of these compounds is present in garlic when it’s in the ground. It’s only when the cloves are chopped or crushed that they’re formed and released.
Eating a clove or two of fresh garlic a day may indeed keep the doctor away, in part because it has immune-boosting, antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-fungal effects.
A member of the allium family of vegetables, along with other superfoods like onions, scallions, chives, and leeks, garlic is one of the oldest cultivated plants in the world. As reported by the George Mateljan Foundation, garlic was believed to have sacred qualities and was placed in the tomb of Pharaohs.
It was also given to slaves building the Egyptian pyramids as a tool for increasing strength and endurance, a use that was also valued by Greek and Roman civilizations, who served garlic to athletes and soldiers before sporting events or war, respectively.
Garlic Fights Cancer, Heart Disease, and Drug-Resistant Bacteria
Garlic is rich in manganese, calcium, phosphorus, selenium, and vitamins B6 and C, so it’s beneficial for your bones as well as your thyroid. It’s thought that much of garlic’s therapeutic effect comes from its sulfur-containing compounds, such as allicin, which are also what give it its characteristic smell.
Other health-promoting compounds include oligosaccharides, arginine-rich proteins, selenium, and flavonoids.3GreenMedInfo has assembled a list of studies demonstrating garlic’s effects for more than 160 different diseases.4 In general, its benefits fall into four main categories:
Reducing inflammation (reduces the risk of osteoarthritis and other disease associated with inflammation)
Boosting immune function (antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antiparasitic properties)
Improving cardiovascular health and circulation (protects against clotting, retards plaque, improves lipids, and reduces blood pressure)
Toxic to 14 kinds of cancer cells (including brain, lung, breast, gastric, and pancreatic)
In addition, garlic may be effective against drug-resistant bacteria, and research has revealed that as allicin digests in your body, it produces sulfenic acid, a compound that reacts with dangerous free radicals faster than any other known compound. This is one of the reasons why I named garlic as one of the top seven anti-aging foods you can consume.
Like many natural foods, it’s difficult to confine garlic to just one or two benefits, as it appears to offer benefits throughout your body. The University of Maryland Medical Center summed up some of its most promising uses:
“…garlic is used to help prevent heart disease, including atherosclerosis or hardening of the arteries (plaque buildup in the arteries that can block the flow of blood and may lead to heart attack or stroke), high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and to boost the immune system. Eating garlic regularly may also help protect against cancer.
Garlic is rich in antioxidants. In your body, harmful particles called free radicals build up as you age, and may contribute to heart disease, cancer, and Alzheimer’s disease. Antioxidants like those found in garlic fight off free radicals, and may reduce or even help prevent some of the damage caused over time.”
Garlic May Help Ward Off Colds and Flu
With both immune-boosting and antiviral effects, it makes sense that garlic would be useful for fighting off infectious disease, and the scientific research backs this up. According to one study, those who consumed garlic daily for three months had fewer colds than those who took a placebo.
Garlic’s Role in Fighting Cancer
Garlic has been shown to kill cancer cells in laboratory studies, as well as show promise when consumed via your diet. One study showed that women who regularly ate garlic (along with fruits and vegetables) had a 35 percent lower risk of colon cancer. Those who consume high amounts of raw garlic also appear to have a lower risk of stomach and colorectal cancers.
Garlic Must Be Crushed to Get Its Therapeutic Properties
Fresh garlic is best if it’s health benefits you’re after, and the fresh clove must be crushed or chopped in order to stimulate the release of an enzyme called alliinase, which in turn catalyzes the formation of allicin.
Allicin, in turn, rapidly breaks down to form a number of different organosulfur compounds. So to “activate” garlic’s medicinal properties, compress a fresh clove with a spoon prior to swallowing it, or put it through your juicer to add to your vegetable juice.
What Causes Garlic Breath?
Garlic is called “the stinking rose” for good reason… but unfortunately, many people shy away from too much garlic, fearing it will lead to bad breath. It’s the allicin in garlic, and the four compounds it breaks down into, that give garlic its stench. The worst offender is allyl methyl sulfide, which not only causes bad breath but can also add a unique lingering odor to your sweat and urine.
The good news is that the smell of garlic goes away once you metabolize the smelly compounds. The bad news is that it can take up to two days for this to happen. I would encourage you to not avoid garlic based on its smell alone, however, as you’ll be missing out on one of the healthiest (not to mention tastiest) foods on the planet.
Sprouting Garlic May Magnify Its Nutritional Potential
In an article published in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, garlic sprouted for five days was found to have higher antioxidant activity than fresher, younger bulbs, and it had different metabolites, suggesting it also makes different substances. Researchers concluded that sprouting your garlic might be a useful way to improve its antioxidant potential. Extracts from this garlic even protected cells in a laboratory dish from certain types of damage.
This isn’t really surprising when you consider the nutritional changes that typically occur in plants when they sprout. When seedlings grow into green plants, they make many new compounds, including those that protect the young plant against pathogens. The same thing is likely happening when green shoots grow from old heads of garlic.
Black Fermented Garlic Has Twice the Antioxidants of Fresh Garlic
Another little-known anecdote is that black garlic, which is basically fermented garlic, may be even healthier than other forms. In a 2009 mouse study, Japanese researchers found that black garlic was more effective than fresh garlic in reducing the size of tumors, for instance. The study was published in the journal Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Science and Technology. In another study, black garlic was found to have twice the antioxidant levels as fresh garlic—the aging/fermenting process appears to double the antioxidants.
Black garlic is packed with high concentrations of sulfurous compounds, especially one in particular: s-allylcycteine (SAC). Science has shown a number of health benefits from SAC, including inhibition of cholesterol synthesis. Perhaps this is why Mandarin oil painter Choo Keng Kwang experienced a complete reversal of his psoriasis after just four days of eating half a bulb of black garlic a day—this, after trying countless medically prescribed skin creams that were all complete failures.
An advantage of SAC is that it is well-absorbed and much more stable than allicin and 100 percent bioavailable. Researchers are confident it plays a significant role in garlic’s overall health benefits.17 Be mindful, however, that black garlic’s benefits may be more effective than fresh garlic for some conditions but not others, given its allicin content is low. For example, I suspect it may not be as effective if you have an infection, as allicin is thought to be the primary anti-infective agent in garlic, and fresh garlic is higher in allicin than black. According to Blue Fortune Farm (which admittedly sells black garlic), black garlic has the following favorable nutrient profile:18
SAC (mg/g)
Calcium (mg)
Phosphorus (mg)
Protein (g)
Black Garlic
5.84
36.66
80
12.5
Raw Garlic
0.32
5.0
40
2.2
Visit Our Food Facts Library for Empowering Nutrition Information
If you want to learn even more about what’s in the food you’re eating, visit our Food Facts library. Most people are not aware of the wealth of nutrients available in healthful foods, particularly organic fruits and vegetables. By getting to know your food, you can make informed decisions about how to eat healthier and thereby boost your brain function, lower your risk of chronic disease, lose weight, and much more.Other medical causes are uncommon. Some people with nasal problems can get bad breath. For example, a lump (polyp) in the nose, sinusitis or a small object stuck in a nostril (occurs most commonly in children) can cause a bad smell. In this situation, the smell tends to occur only, or more severely, when you breathe out through your nose. It is not so noticeable when you breathe out through your mouth. Infections or tumours of the lung, throat, mouth or tonsils are sometimes a cause. Other causes are rare. However, in these medical cases, there are usually other symptoms that would indicate the cause. For example, a blocked nose, sinus pain, chest symptoms, a high temperature (fever), etc. If you are otherwise well and have no other symptoms apart from bad breath, the smell is likely to be coming from a build-up of bacteria in the mouth and other medical causes are unlikely.
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