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Even when it’s turning tragic, one can’t help but notice the stunning power and spectacle of weather. We’re seeing it at work this week as numerous severe storms have been popping up since Sunday. This has easily been the biggest outbreak of the year so far, and largest since early on in 2013. In fact, there may be as many confirmed tornadoes before this exits on Thursday than we saw for all of 2014 across the U.S. leading up to it.
Here’s where we started on the 27th of April. Due to a huge area of high ‘blocking’ pressure over Canada/Greenland, these storms had nowhere to go. Two classic mid-lattitude cyclones spinning and impacting the U.S. Source: NOAA
Many signatures like this over the past several days. This one comes via @USTornadoes. Base reflectivity is in the upper left, storm relative velocity is the upper right, correlation coefficient is bottom left. What you’re seeing is a classic ‘hook’ echo, a tight couplet where winds are converging and rotating, and a TDS – tornado debris signature. The correlation coefficient is a relatively new tool for Meteorologists. When NOAA upgraded all their radar sites, this become standard. It helps us see ‘like’ hydrometers in the air. All the pink showing up is rain, but the donut hole shows where debris is being tossed up in the tornado. You’ll notice that it’s co-located with the ‘debris ball’ on the BR and velocity couplet on the SRV. This essentially confirms to us that a tornado is on the ground.
This was a particularly stunning TDS near North Johns, AL Monday night. I grabbed the radar image from an app on my phone, MRlevel3 (for Windows Phone). At this point the debris signature was 3/4-1 mile wide!
Above is some incredible video of one of the biggest tornadoes of the day, in Louisville, MS. It was rated an EF-4 with winds topping out near 190mph. If this tornado had hit a major metro area, it would have been absolutely devastating. 6 people were killed by this storm in Winston County, but it certainly could have been much worse.
A group of kids, via @AngelAllred03 on Twitter, doing exactly what everyone should do when they’re under a Tornado Warning! We always recommend going to the lowest level of your house, and into an interior space if possible (putting as many walls as possible between you and the storm). Bathrooms are typically the strongest rooms to find shelter in. But it’s also helpful to wear helmets and boots, to prevent head trauma from blunt force and for walking around after the storm if there’s widespread debris.
This door landed on the MSU campus from the Louisville, MS tornado. 30 miles to our south. http://t.co/itUU260y40—
Brown (@wxprof) April 28, 2014
Stunning power of a tornado – it sent this piece of wood flying 30 miles away.
Speaking of debris….these supercells can have intense updrafts capable of lofting debris to very high altitudes. This ‘slice’ of a supercell near Tupelo, MS (Courtesy of FOX 23) shows the debris signature nearly 5 miles high in the storm! Debris is often found miles and miles away from the parent storms.
The main system producing all this severe weather is roughly 2,000 miles wide with ‘tentacles’ of clouds swirling around it. Cut-off from the main jet stream flow, it’s been meandering with its occluded center over Iowa. There’s been snow in the Rockies and even the northern Plains due to this, and it’s helping to draw an onshore flow of air into southern New England, too. Source: Wright-Weather.com
A critical tool for forecasting severe weather is radar, and we almost lost one Monday night. Shortly before this tornado approached, the KDGX Doppler Radar in Brandon, MS was struck by lighting. The National Weather Service Office was able to re-start it, but then this twister came barreling right for it. The tornado is where those two red/green pixels touch each other due west of the site. Fortunately for the radar, it entered the cone of silence and then reappeared just to the SE. A miss!
Source: Storm Prediction Center. When tornadoes strike, NWS crews head out into the field to do storm surveys. They look at damage patterns and determine how many individual tornadoes there were, how strong they were, and how long they were on the ground for. This is a preliminary map, and will continue to be updated on the SPC site. It’s likely that at least 50 tornadoes have touched down, and perhaps close to 100 by the time the outbreak comes to an end.
Some wild looking clouds have been captured by cameras across the south, and this one was seen by @TheKristenLeigh in Belden, MS Tuesday evening.
A very funky ying-yang pattern on Water Vapor imagery Tuesday evening as the overall jet stream pattern remains very blocked up.
All the Warnings issued by crews at various NWS offices on Monday. In all, 145 tornado warnings. The progression of technology and the widespread use of media now saves countless lives. While tragically many have been lost during this outbreak, a similar system 50 years ago likely would have killed well over 100 people, who would have had little to zero warning.
Source: Ryan Maue of WeatherBell.com. Early on as the system was developing, this is a look at precipitable water values (essentially how much water vapor is in a column of the atmosphere). You can see the low curling up across the Plains as it developed on the lee side of the Rockies, with a moisture-rich environment developing across the south.
Extremely strong blocking #ridge of high pressure, convoluted flow, S shape on satellite instead of typical comma http://t.co/qgw99uWxtx—
Stu Ostro (@StuOstro) April 29, 2014