6th Semester Syllabus
Download Soft Copy VTU Chemical Engineering Scheme 2010
Download Soft Copy VTU Chemical Engineering Syllabus 2010
CHEMICAL PLANT UTILITIES AND SAFETY
Subject Code : 10CH61
IA Marks : 25
No. of Lecture Hours/Week : 04 Exam Hours : 03
Total No. of Lecture Hours : 52 Exam Marks : 100
PART – A
UNIT 1:
Introduction: Different utilities. Role of utilities in process plant operations and criteria for selection and estimation of suitable utilities.
Water: Water resources. Process water, Cooling water, drinking water and boiler feed water Quality Standards. Water treatment processes for drinking, process and boiler feed. Storage and handling of water. Types and selection of pumps, piping and accessories. Water pre treatment, 7 Hours
UNIT 2:
Air: Compressed air, blower air, fan air. Types of compressor and vacuum pumps and selection. Power requirements, performance and related calculations. Booster and receivers. Quality of compressed air for instruments and processes. Compressed air distribution system- piping and accessories. Air-water vapour system: humidification/ dehumidification and evaporative cooling-related calculations. 6 Hours
UNIT 3:
Steam And Power: Steam generation in chemical plants. Types of boilers and waste heat boilers. Fuels-types, emissions and global warming, green fuels. Calorific value. Proximate and ultimate analysis. HHV, LHV and related calculations. Cogeneration power plants. CHPs and Boiler performance. Related Calculations. Economy of steam generation with different fuels, related calculation. Steam storage and handling-piping and accessories. 7 Hours
UNIT 4:
Refrigeration: Different refrigeration systems and their characteristics. Air-conditioning systems. Coefficient of performance. Power requirements and refrigeration effect- related calculations for each type of refrigeration system. Refrigerant properties and selection. Some commonly used refrigerants and secondary refrigerants. 6 Hours
PART – B
UNIT 5:
Insulation: Insulation Materials & Selection- Economics of insulation. Insulating factors. Properties & Classification. Cold insulation and cryogenic insulation. 6 Hours
UNIT 6:
Introduction To Process Safety: Intrinsic & Extrinsic Safety. The Hazards- Toxicity, Flammability, Fire , Explosions. Sources of ignition, Pressure. Hazard and risk assessment methods. MSDS. 6 Hours
UNIT 7:
Safety Devices: Pressure relief valves. Ruptures discs. Blow down systems. Flare systems. Flame arrestors. Deflagration arrestors and explosion suppression. Personal safety devices. 7 Hours
UNIT 8:
Process Safety Analysis: HAZAN and HAZOP comparison.. Risk analysis and estimation. Safety check list. Computer based quantitative risk analysis. 7 Hours
Text Books:
1. Thermal Engineering, B.K. Sarkar, Tata Mc Graw Hill, 8th Reprint, 1998.
2. Heat Engines, K.P. Roy, Media Promoters and Publishers, 1995.
3. Power Plant Engineering, P.K. Nag, 2nd Edition ,Tata Mc Graw Hill, 1998.
4. Water and Waste water engineering- Vol 2, Gordon M Fair, John C. Geyer and Daniel A Okun, Jhon Hutey,1996.
5. Water and waste water Technology, Mark J. Hammer Jr.,4th Edition, Prentice Hall, 1997.
6. Chemical Engineers Handbook, Perry, 8th Edition, 2007.
7. Chemical Engineering- Vol 6, R.K. Sinnot, Coulson and Richardson’s, 3rd Edition, BH, Reprint, 2000.
8. Loss prevention in chemical process industries, Vol. 1,2,3, Frank P Lees, Butterworth- Heiremann,1980.
MASS TRANSFER – II
Subject Code : 10CH62
IA Marks : 25
No. of Lecture Hours/Week : 04 Exam Hours : 03
Total No. of Lecture Hours : 52 Exam Marks : 100
PART – A
UNIT 1:
Gas Liquid Contacting Systems: Types, construction and working of plate and packed columns, types and properties of industrial packings, plate efficiencies, HETP and HTU concepts. 7 Hours
UNIT 2:
Absorption: Absorption. Solvent selection for absorption. Material balance and concept of driving force and minimum solvent rates. Multistage absorption columns. Design of Plate columns. Absorption and desorption factors. 7 Hours
UNIT 3:
Packed Tower Absorption: Liquid phase hold up and pressure drop in absorption towers. Design of packed towers (process design-height and diameter). Multi-component absorption. Absorption with chemical reaction. 6 Hours
UNIT 4:
Distillation: Introduction. Vapour liquid equilibria (T-x,y, P-x,y. H-x,y and x-y diagrams for binary mixtures). Relative volatility. Prediction of VLE from vapour pressure data using Raoult’s law. VLE for multi-component systems. Non-ideal systems. Azeotropes. Immiscible systems. Steam distillation, Flash and simple distillation. 6 Hours
PART – B
UNIT 5:
Distillation (Contd.):. Multi-stage rectification column. Design using McCabe Thiele and Lewis-Sorel methods for binary mixtures. 6 Hours
UNIT 6:
Distillation (Contd.): Ponchon-Savarit method. Introduction to Multicomponent distillation., Vacuum, molecular, extractive and azeotropic distillations. 7 Hours
UNIT 7:
Liquid-Liquid Extraction: Ternary equilibrium. Solvent selection. Single stage. Multi-stage cross-current, counter-current extraction. Equipment for liquid-liquid extraction. 7 Hours
UNIT 8:
Leaching Operation: Equipment for leaching. Preparation of solids for leaching. Equilibrium diagrams. Calculation of single stage and multi-stage leaching operation. 6 Hours
Text Books:
1. Mass Transfer Operations, Robert E Treybal, 3rd Edition, McGraw Hill 1981.
2. Unit Operations in Chemical Engineering, McCabe & Smith, 6th Edition, McGraw Hall, 2001.
Reference Books:
1. Chemical Engineering Vol I, II, IV and V, Coulson and Richardson, 4th Edition, Pergmon Press, 1998.
2. Introduction to Chemical Engineering, Badger & Banchero, TMH 6th Reprint, 1998.
3. Principals of Unit Operation, Foust et.el., 2nd Edition, John Wiley, 1994.
4. Transport Processes and Unit Operation, Geankoplis ,C J, Prentice Hall (I), 2000.
CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING – II
Subject Code : 10CH63
IA Marks : 25
No. of Lecture Hours/Week : 04 Exam Hours : 03
Total No. of Lecture Hours : 52 Exam Marks : 100
PART – A
UNIT 1:
Basics of Non Ideal Flow: Importance & interpretation of RTD, C, E & F curves & Statistical interpretation. Dispersion model. Tanks in series model. Conversion in non- ideal flow reactors for simple systems. 7 Hours
UNIT 2:
Introduction to Heterogeneous Systems: Rate equations, contacting patterns, fluid-particle noncatalytic reactions, URC model, Spherical particles of unchanging size, shrinking spherical particles, determination of rate controlling steps. 7 Hours
UNIT 3:
Fluid-Fluid Non Catalytic Reactions: Kinetic regimes for mass transfer and reaction; rate equations. 6 Hours
UNIT 4:
Catalysis: Introduction to catalysis. Properties of catalysts. Estimation methods for catalytic properties. Promoters, inhibitors etc, Mechanism of catalysis. Rate equations for different rate controlling steps 6 Hours
PART – B
UNIT 5:
Deactivation: Deactivating catalyst. Mechanism, rate & performance equation. 6 Hours
UNIT 6:
Solid Catalyzed Reactions: Heterogeneous reactions-Introduction., Kinetic regimes. Rate equation for surface kinetics. Pore diffusion resistance combined with surface kinetics. Thiele modulus and enhancement factor, Porous catalyst particles. Heat effects during reaction. 7 Hours
UNIT 7:
Solid Catalyzed Reactions (Contd.): Performance equations for reactors containing porous catalyst particles. Experimental methods for finding rates. Packed bed catalytic reactor & reactors with suspended solid catalyst. Fluidized reactors of various type. 7 Hours
UNIT 8:
Gas-Liquid Reactors: Trickle bed, slurry reactors. Three phase fluidized bed. 6 Hours
Text Books:
1. Chemical Reaction Engineering, Octave Levenspiel, 3rd Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2001.
2. Chemical Engineering Kinetics, J.M. Smith, 3rd Edition, McGraw Hill.
3. Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering, H. Scott Foggler, 3rd Edition, Prentice Hall, 2001.
Reference Book:
1. Chemical & Catalytic Reaction Engineering, James J. Carberry, McGraw Hill, 1976.
ENERGY TECHNOLOGY
Subject Code : 10CH64
IA Marks : 25
No. of Lecture Hours/Week : 04 Exam Hours : 03
Total No. of Lecture Hours : 52 Exam Marks : 100
PART – A
UNIT 1:
Introduction To Energy Sources: Conventional energy sources; non-conventional energy sources; advantages; limitations. 4 Hours
UNIT 2:
Solar Energy: Solar radiation and its measurement – solar constant, solar radiation at earths surface, solar radiation geometry, solar radiation measurement. Introduction to solar energy. Applications – solar water heating, space heating, space cooling, solar thermal electric conversion. Agriculture and industrial process heating, solar distillation, solar pumping, solar cooking. 8 Hours
UNIT 3:
Energy from Biomass (Bio-Energy): Introduction. Biomass conversion Technologies. Wet processes. Dry processes. Biogas generation. Factors affecting biodigestion or generation of gas. Classification of biogas plants. Advantages and disadvantages of floating drum plant. Advantages and disadvantages of fixed dome type plant. Types of biogas plants (KVIC model & Janata model). Selection of site for biogas plant. 8 Hours
UNIT 4:
Bio-Energy (Thermal Conversion): Methods of obtaining energy from biomass. Biodiesel, Thermal gasification of biomass. Classification of biomass gasifiers. Chemistry of gasification process. Applications of the gasifiers. 6 Hours
PART – B
UNIT 5:
Wind Energy: Introduction. Basic components of WECS (wind energy conversion system). Classification of WECS. Types of wind machines- horizontal axis machines, vertical axis machines. Applications of wind energy. 8 Hours
UNIT 6:
Energy Form The Oceans: Introduction. Ocean thermal electric conversion (OTEC). Methods of ocean thermal electric power generation. Open cycle OTEC system. Closed or Anderson OTEC cycle, hybrid cycle. Application of energy from oceans. 6 Hours
UNIT 7:
Energy From Tides: Basic principles of tidal power. Components of tidal power plants. Operation methods of utilization of tidal energy. Advantages and limitations of tidal power generation. Applications of tidal energy. 6 Hours
UNIT 8:
Fuels: Introduction. Classification of fuels. Calorific value. Characteristics of good fuels. Comparison between solid, liquid and gaseous fuels. 6 Hours
Text Books:
1. Non-Conventional Energy Sources, G.D. Rai, 4th Edition, Khanna Publications, Second Reprint, 1997.
2. Engineering Chemistry, P.C. Jain & M. Jain, 10th Edition, Dhanpat Rai & Sons, 3rd Reprint, 1995.
Reference Books:
1. Solar Energy, Second Edition, S.P. Sukhatme, 3rd Reprint, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 1998.
2. Solar Energy Utilization, G.D. Rai, 4th Edition, Khanna Publications,2006.
PROCESS EQUIPMENT DESIGN & DRAWING
Subject Code : 10CH65
IA Marks : 25
No. of Lecture Hours/Week : 02 + 02 Exam Hours : 04
Total No. of Lecture Hours : 26 + 26 Exam Marks : 100
Detailed chemical engineering process design of the following equipment. Necessary aspects studied in “10CH56 Chemical Equipment Design” are to be applied for mechanical design. Standard code books are to be used. The detailed proportionate drawings shall include sectional front view, full top/side view depending on equipment and major components.
1. Double pipe Heat exchanger
2. Shell and Tube Heat exchanger
3. Condensers – Horizontal and vertical
4. Evaporator – Single effect
5. Bubble Cap Distillation Column
6. Packed Bed Absorption Column
7. Rotary Dryer.
Note: 1. Class work: Students are to be trained in the computer lab using the software for making the drawings after the design. They shall also be trained to draw free hand proportionate sketches.
2. Final Examination: Students have to answer any one of the two questions given in the examination. After completing the design, free hand proportionate sketches are to be drawn as required. Software: Solid Edge or Equivalent Software
Reference Books:
1. Chemical Engineers Handbook, R.H. Perry & D.W. Green, 7th Edition, McGraw Hill, 1998.
2. Process Heat Transfer, Donald Q. Kern, McGraw Hill, 1997.
3. Mass Transfer Operations, Robert E, Treybal, McGraw Hill, 1981.
4. Chemical Engineering- Vol 6, J.M. Coulson & J.F. Richardson, Pergemon Press, 1993
5. Shell & Tube Heat Exchanger- IS Code, IS 4503, BIS, New Delhi, 1969.
6. Process Equipment Design, Brownell & Young, Vessel Design, John Wiley, 1951.
7. Process Equipment Design, M.V. Joshi, McMillan & Co., India, Delhi, 3rd Edition, Reprint, 1998.
8. Process Design of Equipment, S.D. Dawande, Vol II, 3rd Edition, Central Techno Publications, 2003.
ELECTIVE – I (Group A)
PETROLEUM REFINERY ENGINEERING
Subject Code : 10CH661
IA Marks : 25
No. of Lecture Hours/Week : 04 Exam Hours : 03
Total No. of Lecture Hours : 52 Exam Marks : 100
PART – A
UNIT 1:
Indian Petroleum Industry: Prospects & Future. Major companies. World production, Markets, Offshore and onshore, Oil well technology. 6 Hours
UNIT 2:
Composition Of Crude: Classification. Evaluation of petroleum. UOP-k factor. TBP analysis. EFV analysis. Average boiling point. ASTM curves. Thermal properties of petroleum fractions. 6 Hours
UNIT 3:
Product Properties And Test Methods: Gas. Various types of gas and LPG. Reid vapor pressure analysis. Gasoline and naptha. Octane No. Oxidation stability. Additives for gasoline. Kerosene. Characterization for flash point or fire point, volatility, burning qualities etc, Diesel, octane testing, viscosity etc. Grades of diesels e.g. HSD, LDO. Diesel additives. Lube oils : Types, tests-carbon residue and viscosity index. 7 Hours
UNIT 4:
Crude Pretreatment: Pumping of crude oils. Dehydration of crude by chemical, gravity, centrifugal, electrical de-salter and comparision of each. Heating of crude- heater, different types of pipe still heaters including box type, cylindrical etc. Crude distillation, arrangement of towers for various types of reflux. Design aspects for atmospheric and vacuum column. Atmospheric distillation distillation unit: internals and operational. 7 Hours
PART – B
UNIT 5:
Treatment Techniques: Types of impurities present and various desulfurisation processes. Production and treatment of LPG. LNG technology. Sweetening operations for gases including merox, ethanolamine, copper chloride, stertford etc. Catalytic de sulphonisation. Treatment of kerosene, De-aromatisation and merox. Treatment of diesel, naptha: desulpurisation by hydrogen and catalysts. Treatment of lubes: sulphuric acid, clay treatment, solvent treatmentphenol, furfural. 6 Hours
UNIT 6:
Thermal Processes: Thermal cracking reactions- theory of thermal cracking. Properties of cracked materials and factors influencing the properties of cracked materials. Visbreaking, dubbs two coil cracking process. 6 Hours
UNIT 7:
Catalytic Cracking: Comparision of thermal and catalytic cracking. Carbonium ion chemistry. Feedback requirements. Cracking conditions. Commercial cracking analysis. Various catalytic cracking processes. Fixed bed crackers. Moving bed crackers. Fluid catalytic cracking-flexi cracking-ortho-flow reactor. Theory of coking: various types of coking processes. Delayed coking, fluid coking, contact coking, flexi coking. Naptha cracking, naptha cracking for ethylene as feed selection and gas yield. Hydro cracking. Theory of hydro cracking. Catalysts for hydro cracking. 7 Hours
UNIT 8:
Catalystic Reforming: Theory of reforming. Factors influencing reforming, reforming catalysts, feedstock requirements. Plat-forming, isoplus hondriforming, refining forming, power forming and flexi forming etc. 7 Hours
Text Books:
1. Petroleum Refinery Engineering, Nelson, 4th Edition, McGraw Hill, 14th Reprint, 1982.
2. Modern Petroleum Refining Processes, Bhaskara Rao, 3rd Edition, Oxford & IBH Publication, Reprint, 1999.
Reference Books:
1. Petroleum Refining Technology, Ram Prasad, I Edition, Khanna Publishers, 2000.
2. Challenges in Crude Oil Evaluation, Nagnal J.M., Gate, McGraw Hill, 1996.
3. Petroleum Processing, Bland W.F. and Davidson R.L. McGraw Hill, 1967.
OPERATIONS RESEARCH
Subject Code : 10CH662
IA Marks : 25
No. of Lecture Hours/Week : 04 Exam Hours : 03
Total No. of Lecture Hours : 52 Exam Marks : 100
PART – A
UNIT 1:
Introduction: Definition. Scope of Operations Research (OR). Approach and limitations of O.R. Models. Characteristics and phases of O.R. Linear Programming Problems: Mathematical formulation of L.P. Problems. Graphical solution method. 7 Hours
UNIT 2:
The Simplex Method: 1 & 2 – slack, surplus and artificial variables. Dual simplex method. Degeneracy and procedure for resolving degenerate cases. 7 Hours
UNIT 3:
Assignment Problems: Balanced and Unbalanced assignment problems. Maximization assignment problems. Travelling salesman problems. 6 Hours
UNIT 4:
Transportation Problem: Basic feasible solutions by different methods. Finding optimal solution. MODI method. Degeneracy. Unbalanced transportation problems. Maximization Problems. 6 Hours
PART – B
UNIT 5:
Sequencing: Johnson’s algorithm. n jobs – 2 machines, n jobs -3 machines, and n jobs-n machines without passing sequence. 2 jobs-n machines. Graphical solutions. 6 Hours
UNIT 6:
Deterministic Models: Inventory, EOQ Models. With and without shortages. Ordering cost. Carrying cost. 6 Hours
UNIT 7:
PERT-CPM Techniques: Network construction. Determining critical path. Variance and probability of completing the project. Calculation of different floats. Project duration. Crashing of simple networks. 8 Hours
UNIT 8:
Waiting Lines: Queuing systems and their characteristics. Poisson queues. M/M/1 queuing system. 6 Hours
Text Books:
1. Introduction to Pert and Cpm, L. S. Srinath, 3rd Edition, East West, 1998.
2. Operation Research, Kantiswaroop, P. K. Gupta and Manmohan, 9th Edition, S Chand & Co. 1999.
3. Scientific Inventory Management, Joseph Buchan and Earnest Koenigberg, 1989.
4. Operation Research, S. D. Sharma, 8th Edition, Kedarnath & Co, 2003.
PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY
Subject Code : 10CH663
IA Marks : 25
No. of Lecture Hours/Week : 04 Exam Hours : 03
Total No. of Lecture Hours : 52 Exam Marks : 100
PART – A
UNIT 1:
Electrophilic Substitution Reaction: Preparation of cyclo alkane. Bayer’s strain theory and orbital picture of angle stream. 6 Hours
UNIT 2:
Electrophilic Substitution Reaction Mechanism & Application: Dehydrogenation of alkyl halides. 1-2 elimination kinetics: E2 and E1 mechanisms. Isotope effect. Dehydration of
alcohols. Ease of dehydration. 6 Hours
UNIT 3:
Nucleophilic Addition Reaction: Mechanism. Important chemicals. Oxidation-Reduction reactions. 6 Hours
UNIT 4:
Rheology of Fluids in Mixing and Blending. 8 Hours
PART – B
UNIT 5:
Preparation: Test for purity and medical uses of Chlorobutal, Dimercopral, Glycerol trinitrate. 7 Hours
UNIT 6:
Preparation: Test for purity and medical uses of Urea, ethylene diamine dihydrate, vanillin, paraldehyde. 7 Hours
UNIT 7:
Preparation: Test for purity and medical uses of lactic acid, citric acid, salicylic acid, saccharin sodium. 6 Hours
UNIT 8:
Preparation: Test for purity and medical uses of Ethyl borate, dimethyl phthalate, aspirin. 6 Hours
Text Books:
1. Organic Chemistry, T.R. Morisson and R. Boyd, 6th Edition, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 1992.
2. Organic Chemistry Fundamentals, I. L. Finar, 2nd Edition, ELBS, Pergemon Press, 1965.
POLYMER TECHNOLOGY
Subject Code : 10CH664
IA Marks : 25
No. of Lecture Hours/Week : 04 Exam Hours : 03
Total No. of Lecture Hours : 52 Exam Marks : 100
PART – A
UNIT 1:
Principles of Processing Of Polymers: Melt processing of thermoplastics. Classification of processes. Thermoset plastics processing, crystallization, orientation & shrinkage, co polymers blendings, compounding for engineering application, stress – strain behavior, WLF equation, practical assessment for long term behavior. 6 Hours
UNIT 2:
Polymer Extrusion: Requirements of Polymer for extrusion. Single screw and double screw plasticating extruder zones in extrusion, breaker plates, extruder screw, power calculation. PVC extruder. Die and calibration equipment prime mover for extrusion, co extrusion, extrusion coating, extrusion film blowing reactive extrusion. Extrusion blow moulding for PET bottles, wire drawing-PVC, spinning – various types and applications. Application of various extruded products. Rheological aspects of extrusion and extrusion defects. Operational and maintenance of extrusion equipments, pultrusion. 7 Hours
UNIT 3:
Injection Moulding: Polymer characteristics for injection moulding. Reciprocating screw injection moulding. Single impression mould. Multi impression moulds. Cooling requirements in moulds. Hot runner moulds, gate, mould clamping force calculations. Control of pressure, temperature and time of injection thermostat and fiber reinforced polymer injection moulding, sandwich moulding and injection blow moulding. Rheological aspects and defects of injection. Comparision of injection moulding and extrusion of injection. Operational and maintenance of injection moulding equipments. Reaction injection moulding. Applications. 8 Hours
UNIT 4:
Compression Moulding: Applications. Principles. Comparison with other processing methods. Derivation of compression mould thickness or compaction force. Transfer moulding. 5 Hours
PART – B
UNIT 5:
Calendering: Characteristics of polymer for calendering. Principles and operation of calendaring. Derivation of film thickness and pressure required for rollers. Guage control during calendaring. Application of PVC calendered products. 6 Hours
UNIT 6:
Thermoforming: Basic principles. Vacuum forming. Pressure forming. Description of operations. Product design. Application. Derivation of thermoformed product thickness.7 Hours
UNIT 7:
Rotational Moulding: Principles. Operation & applications. Thickeness. Cooling calculations. 6 Hours
UNIT 8:
Testing Of Plastics: Thermal, electrical, optical, mechanical properties testing. 7 Hours
Text Books:
1. Principles of Polymer Processing, Morton Johnes chapman, Hall 1989.
2. Plastic Engineering, R.J. Crawford, 3rd Edition Research Studies,1996.
Reference Books:
1. Principles of Polymer Engineering, N.G. McCrum,Vol.1, C.P. Buckley Oxford University Press, 1988.
2. Polymer Materials –Vols. 1,2 & 3, Manas Chanda , Springer, Univ Press,1997.
CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING LABORATORY
Subject Code : 10CHL67
IA Marks : 25
No. of Practical Hours/Week : 03 Exam Hours : 04
Total No. of Hours : 39 Exam Marks : 50
The experiment should be based on the following topics;
1. Batch Reactor
2. Isothermal plug flow reactor
3. Mixed flow reactor
4. Semi batch reactor
5. Heterogeneous catalytic Reactor
6. Segregated flow reactor
7. Adiabatic Reactor
8. Packed bed Reactor
9. RTD Studies in Tubular Reactor
10. Effect of temperature on Rate of reaction
11. Bio Chemical Reaction (Batch)
12. Enzyme catalyzed reactions in batch reactor
13. RTD Studies in mixed flow reactor
14. Sono-chemical reactor.
15. Photochemical reactor
Note: Minimum of 10 experiments are to be conducted.
MASS TRANSFER LABORATORY
Subject Code : 10CHL68
IA Marks : 25
No. of Practical Hours/Week : 03 Exam Hours : 04
Total No. of Hours : 39 Exam Marks : 50
The experiment should be based on the following topics;
1. Diffusion of organic vapours in air
2. Simple Distillation
3. Packed column/ plate column distillation
4. Steam distillation
5. Solid – liquid leaching
6. Surface evaporation
7. Tray dryer
8. Adsorption studies
9. Liquid-liquid/Vapour –liquid equilibrium
10. Liquid extraction – (cross current: 1 and 2 or 3 stage)
11. Hold up studies in packed columns
12. Rotary/ vacuum dryers
13. Wetted wall column
14. Cooling tower
15. Solid dissolution
16. Gel-electrophoresis
Note: Minimum of 10 experiments are to be conducted.
Note: In-Plant Training/Industrial Visit (10CH87) is to be taken up during the vacation of this semester or next semester.
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