As I mentioned in my earlier tutorial on borrowing
money to fund a business, debt can be a powerful way to raise money to finance growth and expansion. Large
corporations and governments use it all the time for that purpose, and small
businesses can do the same, if they manage it carefully.
But, as we all know, debt can also be dangerous.
If you borrow too much, and if your business doesn’t perform as well as
expected, your small business debts can quickly spiral out of control.
So this tutorial is for anyone whose
business is really struggling with too much debt. I’ll provide some clear,
simple steps you can take. Learn how to get out of debt fast and put your business back in
the black. Let’s get started.
1. Raise Extra Revenue
While business debt can be in some ways
more complicated to pay off than consumer debt, in some ways it’s easier.
Individuals are often on a fixed salary, with little prospect of bringing in
extra, so the only thing they can do is cut costs. As a business, on the other
hand, you can also try various tactics for increasing your revenue.
You could engage in low-cost promotions,
for example, holding a special limited-time sale or offering discounts or
coupons. If you have a lot of inventory in stock, that represents money that's
tied up in your business and is unavailable for things like paying down debt.
Selling it off in a special sale can free up cash to help you get out of debt.
And these are just a few ideas for raising
revenue quickly—there are lots more things you can do to bring in more money on
a long-term basis, such as setting up an affiliate marketing program, asking
for referrals, using content marketing, and lots more. Find out more in these marketing tutorials
on Envato Tuts+:
Content Strategy
7-Step Content Marketing Plan: A Quick-Start Guide
Lauren Holliday
Marketing
What Is Marketing?
Julia Melymbrose
Marketing
How to Write a Lean Marketing Plan
Celine Roque
Blogging
What Is Affiliate Marketing?
Brad Smith
2. Chase Up Late-Paying Customers
Depending on the type of business you run,
you may have to wait a while to get paid for the work you do. A web design
studio, for example, may complete a project, turn it over to the client, and
then submit an invoice, which the client may pay a month later.
These late payments can be problematic, but
they can also provide an opportunity to raise money to help you get out of
debt. Make a list of outstanding invoices if you don’t already have one, and
start to contact all the customers on the list, starting with those that have
been outstanding for the longest time. While some customers will probably still
hold out, many will pay up when politely nudged, giving you more money to
devote to debt repayment.
You can help to ensure your future
invoices are paid more quickly by following the steps in this tutorial:
Invoicing
The Best Invoice Payment Terms to Avoid Past Due Invoices
Andrew Blackman
The following tutorial also offers tips on getting
paid on time—although it’s aimed at freelancers, many of the tips also apply to
small businesses:
Freelance
A Freelancer’s Guide to Getting Paid on Time
Andrew Blackman
3. Cut or Delay Expenses
Now that you’ve got more money coming in,
it’s time to look at the other side of the coin: cutting costs.
This can be difficult to do, because you’re
probably already only spending money on things that you think are important.
Whether it’s an employee you hired or a marketing program you invested in, there
was a good business reason for doing so, and it’s difficult to go back on that
now.
But if you’re reading this tutorial, it’s
because you’ve reached a level of debt that’s strangling your business. So be
ruthless in your assessment. The priority at this stage is your company’s
survival.
Keep in mind that, although it’s tempting
to cut smaller expenses because they’re easier, a single large cut is often
more effective. For example, moving your business to a cheaper building and
saving thousands of dollars in rent, while it may be a difficult thing to do,
will allow you to make a real dent in your debts.
Also, a less painful alternative to cutting
costs is to delay them. In the last section, we talked about the delay between
doing work and getting paid; often, in business, there’s a similar delay
between buying goods or services and paying for them. If you’re smart, you can
use that to your advantage to boost your cash flow.
If you have 30 days to settle an invoice,
for example, take the full 30 days. That will give you the use of that money
for a month, allowing you to pay bills and have a cushion for other, unplanned
expenses. That cushion may not seem like much, but it can add up if you have a
lot of expenses. If it allows you to pay off a chunk of debt a month early and
save on interest, it’s worth doing.
Don’t push expenses back beyond their
deadlines, though—that’s a sure way to sour the relationship with your
suppliers. Just use the full timeframe you’ve been allowed, and no more.
4. Sell Off Assets
Many small businesses these days,
especially digital businesses, have few assets. But even so, every business has
at least some assets. Maybe you have some computer equipment, or a vehicle that
you use for your business. If you manufacture physical products, you’ll likely
have some raw materials and inventory, as well as equipment you use for
production, and maybe a building if you own rather than rent.
All of this will be listed on your
company’s balance sheet. And all of it represents money that’s tied up in your
business. If you free it up, you can use it to pay down debt.
Of course, as you can see from the examples
I gave, many of the assets of a business are critical to its survival. If you
sell off all your equipment, you can’t produce any more products. So it may be
difficult to raise money here. But maybe there’s something you can do without,
at least as a last resort.
Another option is a “sale and leaseback”
agreement, where you sell the equipment, bringing in some money that you can
use to pay down debt, and immediately rent it again. That way, you’re still
able to use it, but you’ve exchanged something you own for something you rent.
It’s not ideal, of course, because you’ll have to make those regular payments
to keep using it, but it’s a way to raise money in a pinch.
If you’re not sure how to read your balance
sheet and understand what assets you have, read this:
Finance
How To Read a Balance Sheet
Andrew Blackman
5. Prioritize Loans to Pay Off
Now that you’ve got some extra money coming
in, how do you allocate it?
The first step is to make sure you’re
taking care of your business’s critical expenses and to ensure you don’t have
to get into more debt.
So forecast your business’s cash flow for
the next month or two, making sure that you have enough to cover all your
planned expenses, with a little extra set aside for the unplanned ones. For
detailed instructions on how to do this, see section 2 of this tutorial:
Finance
How to Manage Cash Flow More Efficiently
Andrew Blackman
If you’re in the fortunate position of having
extra money available to pay down debt, then you need to prioritize which debts
to pay off first.
With personal debt, it’s simply a matter of
ranking them by interest rate, but with a business, it’s a little different.
The first ones to pay attention to should
be those that affect your key business relationships. If you have fallen behind
with paying your employees’ salaries or other benefits, take care of that
before doing anything else. You can’t expect people to work diligently for you
if you’re behind with their pay.
Next, take care of any overdue bills from
key suppliers. As I mentioned earlier, you don’t have to pay these
immediately—in fact, delaying payment can be a good strategy for improving your
cash flow and freeing up more money to pay down debt. But the delay should only
go up to the latest deadline specified by the supplier. If you’ve gone beyond
that, pay off these outstanding invoices as soon as you can.
Both of these debts may not be costing you
interest, but they will be costing you something more intangible and yet more
important—your reputation. So prioritize those and any similar debts first.
Next, pay off any debts that will have
severe consequences for your business if they’re not cleared. For example, the
tax authorities may impose serious penalties if you fail to pay on time. And
you may also want to focus on a particular debt that’s secured with valuable
collateral or for which you or another person gave a personal guarantee.
After that, it’s a case of ranking your
debts by interest rate and focusing on the highest interest rate first. Focus
all your energy on paying down that one, just making the minimum payments on
all the others. Then, when that one is paid off, move on to the next on the
list, and so on.
Some experts advise focusing on the debt
with the smallest amount first, the idea being that you can pay it off quickly
and give yourself a sense of progress, while freeing up more money to pay down
the next ones. There’s a certain psychological attraction to this, but
financially it makes more sense to focus on the debts that are costing you the
most in terms of interest and penalties.
6. Contact Creditors
Culturally, there’s a big stigma around
debt in many countries. So when we get too far in debt, we may end up feeling
ashamed and not wanting to admit the problem or confront it.
With a business, there’s the added problem
that so much depends on the appearance of success. If you admit that you’re
struggling, other people who do business with you or invest in your company may
get spooked and turn to another company that seems like a safer bet.
But when it comes to paying off debt,
keeping your troubles to yourself can be counterproductive. If you speak up and
confront the problem, you may be able to improve your situation.
Creditors, for example, may be open to
negotiating better terms. Say you owe the bank $10,000. The bank doesn’t want
your business to go under, meaning that they lose the whole $10,000. They might
be willing to let you pay the money back over a longer period of time, so that
the payments are more manageable, or in some cases they may even be willing to
accept less money than you owe. From their point of view, it’s better to get a
portion of $10,000 back, or to get $10,000 back later than they expected, than
to get nothing at all.
So pick up the phone, arrange a meeting
with your creditors, and see if you can negotiate better terms. It may not be
possible, but on the other hand you may get a pleasant surprise. It’s certainly
worth a try.
7. Hit Up Friends and Family
Borrowing more money to pay off debts
rarely makes sense, but it can be a good idea if you’re borrowing from friendly
sources. You could end up swapping a high-interest bank debt for a loan from
your cousin that comes with zero or low interest and with more flexibility for
repayment.
Of course, the danger is that you can put a
lot of strain on your friendships or family ties if things go wrong. So you
should treat these loans professionally, drawing up a contract and specifying the
terms and the repayment schedule. And you should stick to those terms. Although
this debt will probably be at the bottom of your prioritized list for paying
down the balance, it’s still important to make whatever payments you’ve
committed to.
For more on this type of loan, see the
following tutorial:
Finance
Funding a Business From Your Own Pocket
Andrew Blackman
8. Consider Debt Consolidation
As with personal debt, businesses can also
apply for debt consolidation loans. The idea is that instead of owing money to
ten different creditors, you take out a single loan that allows you to pay off
all the others.
Be careful, though, because there are
scamsters out there in the debt consolidation and restructuring world. And
there are also just debt consolidation loans that aren’t a very good deal. You
can sometimes end up paying a lot of fees for a company to do the same things
you could have done yourself.
For it to be worth it, you need to be
making lower monthly payments at the end of it all. The point is not really to
have one debt instead of several, but to have one debt that costs you less than
all the others did. So do your sums, and make sure that you’re in a better
position after the consolidation than you were before.
9. Get a Second Job
If your business is struggling, you don’t
want to take time away from it and focus on other things. But if you’re
desperate to pay off debt, you could consider using your skills to pick up freelance
work to raise extra money.
Maybe you have some web design skills, for
example. You could offer to design websites for other companies to make some
extra money. Or you could design WordPress themes and sell them on Envato Market.
Getting a new full-time job is probably not
a good idea, because you simply won’t have enough time to devote to getting
your business back on track. But doing a bit of freelance work, or producing
some digital assets to sell in online marketplaces, is worth considering.
Conclusion
Debt is like extra weight—easy to acquire,
but hard to lose. Nevertheless, in this tutorial, I’ve looked at some steps you
can take to get out of debt. Small business debt can be damaging, but it
doesn’t have to be crippling.
In this tutorial, I’ve focused on quick
solutions to raise money and pay down debt. You’ve learned some strategies to
raise extra revenue, cut costs, prioritize debts, and more.
But, of course, when the immediate crisis
is under control, you’ll also want to examine how the business got into this
situation. High debt is usually a symptom of other problems. So use the
business tutorials here at Envato Tuts+ to help you diagnose and treat those
problems. You could start with these:
Small Business
How to Maximize Your Business Profit - 7 Quick Tips
Celine Roque
Small Business
How to Avoid the Dismal Small Business Failure Rates
Marc Schenker
Take action on what you've learned today on how to get out of debt fast or at least start making positive progress to begin paying down your small business debt. Let know about your challenges in the comments below.