JUNE 10 In History
1190: During the Third Crusade Frederick I Barbarossa drowns in the Saleph River while leading an army to Jerusalem. The German emperor was one of three monarchs leading the crusade. The other two were Phillip Augustus of France and Richard the Lionhearted of England. From the Jewish point of view, the untimely drowning was a great loss. “For German Jewry, The Third Crusade could have raised havoc similar to the first.” That it didn’t was a result of the foresight demonstrated by Frederick. “His timely order not to preach against the Jews, directed to monks and priests, helped, and his warnings to the Diet (Parliament) that anyone convicted of killing Jews would with his own life helped even more. Local marshals dispersed surly mobs hovering around Jewish districts, and Frederick let it be known that anyone who inflicted injury on a Jew would have his hand chopped off. At the emperor’s urging, bishops in his realm threatened people who attacked Jews with excommunication. A Jewish chronicler, Ephraim ben-Jacob of Bonna, wrote, ‘Frederick defended us with all his might and enabled us to live among our enemies, so that no one harmed the Jews.’”
1539: Pope Paul III sends out letters to his Bishops calling for a delay in the start of the Council of Trent, which would turn out to be one of the major conclaves in the history of the Catholic Church. Pope Paul III is the Pope who is credited with starting a series of tribunals that became known as the Roman Inquisition or, more simply, The Inquisition. While the Inquisition was aimed at a variety of non-believers, over the centuries Jews, Marranos and Conversos suffered disproportionately under this scourge.
1577: Pope Gregory XIII issued a warrant that “confirmed the statutes of the (Roman) Jewish community and permitted the collection of taxes.”
1624: During the Dutch War for Independence France and the Netherlands sign the Treaty of Compiegne which enabled France to supply the Dutch with financial aid in their fight to gain independence from Spain. Since Protestant Holland’s victory over Catholic Spain was in the best interest of the Jews since the former had provided a safe haven and the latter followed a ruinous policy of anti-Semitism.
1648: Start of the Cossacks ten year war with the Poles also known as the Chmielniki Uprising. The Jews were caught between the Russian Orthodox Cossacks who hated the Roman Catholic Poles who had been occupying their land. Jews had served as agents for the Polish nobles managing their lands and collecting the taxes. For this, and the fact that they were Jews, the Cossack hated them. At the same time, the Poles betrayed the Jews, in many instances turning them over to the Cossacks thinking that this would mollify the angry horde. It didn't but from the Jews' point of view that really did not matter since they were killed regardless of what happened. In the ten tumultuous years that followed, over seven hundred Jewish communities were destroyed and between one hundred and five hundred thousand Jews lost their lives. The ensuing sense of helplessness contributed to the rise of the messianic movement which soon followed.
1729(13th of Sivan): Rabbi Abraham ben David Yizhaki, author of Zera Abraham passed away
1749 (7 Sivan 5509): Count Valentine Potocki is burned at the stake in Vilna. The count, along with his friend Zeremba, met an old Jew in a tavern and promised to convert if he could convince them of the preeminence of Judaism. Potoscki converted and eventually settled in Vilna. Zeremba hearing that his friend converted did likewise and moved to Eretz- Israel. His presence became known and he was put on trial for heresy when he refused to recant. His ashes were collected and buried in Vilna where the inscription on tomb read Abraham Ben Abraham Ger Zedek (a righteous proselyte). The Jews of Vilna would visit his grave and say Kaddish.
1760 (7 Sivan 5520): On the secular calendar, of Israel ben Eliezer passed away. Also known as the Baal Shem Tov he was the "founder" of the Chassidic Movement. Born in 1700 in Lokop, Podolia and orphaned at a young age, he was raised by the Jewish community and spent much of his time alone in the nearby forests. After he married, he moved to the Carpathian Mountains and then to a small town where his wife set up an inn. At age thirty-six, he revealed himself to the community as a healer and a comforter. He received the name 'Baal Shem Tov' (Master of the Good Name) and was simply called the 'Besht'. His major philosophy consisted of worshipping G-d with joy and believing that simple prayers when uttered in earnest were more important that extreme intellectualization. The Besht believed that Tzaddikim, or righteous ones, were sent by G-d to guide the people. Though he left no writings of his own, he was immortalized by the often miraculous and magnified stories of his life as told by his closest followers.
1760:Canadian businessman and political leader, Aaron Hart, became a member of the St. Paul's Lodge of Freemasons today “making him one of the first Jews in North America to become a Mason”
1799(7thof Sivan, 5559): Last observance of Shavuot in the 18th century
1815: “Prince Karl von Hardenberg, the Prussian representative to the Congress of Vienna, wrote an urgent request to the Senate of Lubeck to grant civil rights to its Jewish population.”
1827: Birthdate of Thomas W. Ferry, U.S. Senator from Michigan who would be the first President Pro Tempore of the United States Senate to attend the consecration of an orthodox synagogue in Washington, D.C.
1829: Birthdate of Filosseno Luzzatto “an Italian Jewish scholar” who was the son of Samuel David Luzzatto.
1837(7th of Sivan, 5597): Second Day of Shavuot
1837(7th of Sivan): Rabbi Chaim Isaac Mussafia of Jerusalm, author of Chaim va Chesed passed away
1846(16th of Sivan, 5606): Heimann Joseph Michael, the native of Hamburg who became a leading Hebrew bibliographer of the first half of the 19th century passed away. His impact outlived his death as can be seen by the fact that his seminal work Or ha-Hayyim which was edited by his son was published in Frankfort in 1891.
1849: Birthdate of David Lubin the Polish born American merchant and agriculturalist who became Director of the International Society for the Colonization of Russian Jews in 1891.
1852: In New York, a Jewish peddler was arrested today on charges of having stolen a watch valued at $30 from a resident of Newton.
1859(8th of Sivan, 5619): Samuel Russell died today aboard the HMS Colossus from injuries he suffered when he fell from the main deck. A resident of Sheerness, Russell was married to Yitta Russell. Sun Street was renamed Russell Street in his honor.
1860: In New York, Congregation B’nai Israel purchased additional land on the corner of Stanton and Forsyth Streets on which they were building a sanctuary that was consecrated in August of the same year.
1867(7th of Sivan, 5627): Second Day of Shavuot
1870: The New York Times reported that the fact that Sir Moses Montefiore has verified reports of the massacre of Jews in Romania has discredited claims that these attacks did not take place.
1872: An article published today entitled “The Russian Jews” described a paper on the Jews of northwestern Russia that was presented at a recent meeting of the Russian Geographical Society held at St. Petersburg. The author of the paper divides the Jews into a variety of groups and sub-groups. According to him the Jews belong to two major groupings which differ in regard to “religion and language.” One group believes in the Talmud and speaks a “corrupt German dialectic.” The second group, called the Karaites, “rejects the Talmud, are not even absolute believers in the Bible… “have their own traditions which have collected into a book” that “has the same authority over them as the Talmud has over other Jews” and speak a language that “is of Tartar Origin. The author goes on to divide the first group into two subgroups – the Mitnagdim and the Chasidim who are called “Jumpers” by the Russians because they leap from the ground when praying – and describes the differences in their respective views and practices. Finally, the Jews are broken down into Four Groups that include “the worldly Jews,” “the devout” Jews, “the Germans” who are followers of Moses Mendelsohn and the “Epicureans” who reject all forms of Jewish custom and ceremony as well as the Talmud.
1872: An article published today subtitled “The Romanian Jews and the Reichstag” reported that in May of this year the German government has joined other European powers in responding to requests to help the Jews of Romania. The government announced that it could not interfere in the internal affairs of another country especially since none of those affected were German citizens. Germany reiterated the request of the other powers which had been made in February that persecution of the Jews stop. The government also took credit for the release of some of the wrongfully convicted Jews. [Editor’s note- the issue of the treatment of Romania’s Jews is one that would agitate the European Powers and the United States during the last decades of the 19th century.]
1872: An article published today subtitled “The Israelites of Prussia” reported that “the Jewish questions” (the treatment of the Jews of Romania) is of special interest in Berlin because “trade and banking is mainly in the hands of the elect people.” “The financial heads of the dispersed nation have joined..to make their power felt to get the other nations to act against Romania. “A Committee of the Alliance Israelite Universelle has been formed” in Berlin “as a standing council of war” that would destroy the value of Romanian bonds. “That is a strong measure, but one for which the Jews have the power.” [Editor’s Note – The view of the Jew as “the other” who is part of an international financial concern would grow along with other European stereotypes: International Communist Conspirator and impoverished shiftless vermin.]
1872: An article published today sub-titled “Jewish University” reported that a Jewish university was opened at Berlin in May. The Jewish community has been working on this project for several years and its opening is another example of the great strides made them in the Kaiser’s Empire. The ceremony was attended only by Jewish officials but this should not be of any concern since there are plenty of Jews to attend the school.
1875(7th of Sivan, 5635): Second Day of Shavuot
1877: “A Jewish Suit For Divorce” published today described the adjudication of cause of action in Great Britain filed by an American Jew named Elias Isaacs naming his wife Deborah as respondent and her lover, Bloc, as correspondent. The jury found that the respondent and co-respondent were guilty of damages but declined to assess damages because the petitioner had “conduced” (contributed to) his wife’s misconduct by separating from her for an extended period of time and not given her the protection one should expect in a marital relationship. [And people think that Jews are dull and boring]
1877: An article published today entitled “The Place of Wailing” reported that the picture which Jerusalem presents that longest haunts the memory is perhaps the spectacle of the Jews wailing before the ancient wall of their city. There in full sunlight, bowed in every attitude of grief, their faces set against those gigantic blocks which reveal…their antiquity, a group of 30 to 40 Jews are seen, perhaps a little too much as in an opera, by a long line of cold-faced Europeans. The two groups are in startling contrast. Everything in the one speaks of the orderly life, the suppression of feel, the formality of vesture, a colorless insipidity, the outcome of our modern conventional existence; the other shows us figures, for the most part, which might stepped froth from the pages of the Bible, some of the heads of such grandeur that they might be the descendents of prophets; maidens whose contrite aspect reminds one of Ruth and Esther, surrender themselves to a sorrow which reverberates through the ages and is the one true bond which connect the grand days of old with the present.
1879: Today, the U.S. House of Representatives passed the point resolution reported by the Committee on Foreign Affairs in relation to treaty negotiations with Russia as to American Israelites.
1880: Oliver Hazard Perry Belmont graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy. Belmont was the son of August Belmont the Hessian Jew who came to the United States as a representative of the Rothschilds and built a fortune of his own. The naval career might have seemed strange for the son of a Jews. But, his maternal grandfather Commodore Mathew Perry who commanded the naval expedition that opened trade with Japan and a maternal grand-uncle was Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry, the hero of the War of 1812.
1880(1st of Tammuz, 5640: Rosh Chodesh Tammuz
1883: It was reported today that soprano Sophia Neuberger will be accompanying violinist Camilla Urso on an extended concert tour.
1886(7th of Sivan, 5646): Second Day of Shavuot
1886: For the second day in a row, final exams are scheduled to be given on Shavuot at Philadelphia’s Central High School despite the requests of the city’s rabbis to make other arrangements.
1890: It was reported today that the upcoming sixth annual graduation exercises for the students at the Hebrew Technical Institue will take place at the school which is located on Stuyvesant Street.
1894(6th of Sivan, 5654): Shavuot
1894: “No More New Plays To See” published today described the theatre season which has just come to the end including the fact that Sidney Grundy has blamed the prejudice of the reviewers for the failure of his five act play, “An Old Jew.” However, “anybody who reads the play will be likely to decide that it failed because it is a very bad play with a wildly-improbable plot and superabundance of talk.
1894: As part of the increasingly aggressive campaign to convert Jews living in the United States, Reverend John Wilkinson, the English minister who leads the mission to convert English Jews, address the meeting of the American Hebrew Christian Mission Society.
1894: Solomon Moses who has enjoyed a long association with the United Hebrew Charities is among those serving on the Tenement House Committee appointed the governor to examine conditions in this kind of dwelling in New York City.
1895: It was reported today that there 475 girls enrolled in the Louis Down Town Sabbath and Daily Technical Schools which were founded by Mrs. A. H. Louis.
1898: Rabbi H.P. Mendes of New York’s Spanish and Portuguese has been elected of the newly formed Orthodox Jewish Congregational Union of America which is made up of congregations from the United States and Canada.
1898: “Minister Straus Honored” published today described “an informal reception” given by The Judeans Oscar S. Straus following his appointment as the U.S. Minister to Turkey.
1898: The Jewish Chronicle carried a vivid account of an anti-Jewish riot in Jassy, Romania — a place that the paper decided was no longer safe for Jews
1899: Louis Pearshall, Louis Stern, Isador Straus and Julia Richman are among the directors named to oversee the operations of the reconfigured Education Alliance.
1899: As part of his ongoing “Jew-baiting crusade” Count Walter Puckler-Muskau gave a second lecture in Berlin today entitle “The Progressive Judaisation of Germany.
1899: At Rodoph Shalom, Rabbi Rudolph Grossman delivered a sermon about the plight of Captain Dreyfus entitled “Justice.”
1901: Birthdate of Austrian-born American composer, Frederic Lowe. Lowe teamed with Alan Jay Lerner to create such hits as Brigadoon, Paint Your Wagon and My Fair Lady.
1904: Theodor Kohn was forced to resign as an archbishop because he was born Jewish. (Is this a reminder of the Inquisition or a harbinger of Nazi rules on race?)
1905(7th of Sivan, 5665): Second Day of Shavuot
1907: The parents of Riva (Rebecca) Hillesum-Bernstein who would be the maternal grandparents of Riva (Rebecca) Hillesum-Bernstein arrived in Amsterdam where they were re-united with their daughter and son.
1908: Oliver Hazard Perry Belmont, the son of August Belmont, who inherited a fortune large enough when his father died to marry a Vanderbilt. In an era of matrilineal Judaism, Belmont was not Jewish and he certainly was not considered to be one as he moved through the high society of his time. But he was August’s son and the enemies of August never let anybody forget about his Jewish antecedents.
1909: First day of a two day conference held in New York that would create the youth organization known as Young Judaea.
1910: Gustave Bauer, a banker from Madrid was elected, to the Spanish Parliament as the deputy for Corogna. He was the first Jew elected to public office since the expulsion in 1492.
1911: Birthdate of Hans Herzl, son of Theodor Herzl.
1915: Birthdate of author Saul Bellow. Bellow won both the Pulitzer and the Nobel prizes. Among his more famous works are Herzog and Humboldt’s Gift.
1916: Birthdate of William Rosenberg, founder of Dunkin Donuts. Rosenberg opened his first Dunkin Donut shop in his native New England in 1950. Not only was he a pioneer in this particular food genre, he was a pioneer in the franchise industry. Rosenberg was an equine enthusiast and philanthropist. By the time he died at the age of 86 he had given millions to several causes including Harvard Medical School where a chair was endowed in his honor.
1917: A column styled "Latest Publication" published today reported that copies of “The Russian Revolution” by Issac Don Levine and the “The Holy Scriptures,” a new English translation published by the Jewish Pubication Society were available in New York City.
1917: In the United States, three hundred and thirty-five thousand people chose representatives for the first American Jewish Congress. The Congress would meet for the first time in 1918 under the leadership of Rabbi Stephen Wise. Founded to ameliorate the suffering from WW I, the Congress became an advocate for civil rights and civil liberties as well as seeing to it that the Jewish point of view was taken into consideration on the national political scene. The organization is a staunch defender of the doctrine of separation of church and state and an ardent advocate for the state of Israel.
1919: British economist William Cunningham passed away. Cunningham was the author of The Growth of English Industry and Commerce in which he described the status of Jews in medieval England. “The Jews had no rights or status of their own; they were the mere chattles of the King; all that they had was his. In this lay their security from popular violence: but it was a security for which they had to pay dearly. Their transactions were all registered in the Exchequer.” This meant that the debts due to Jewish money lenders were really due to the king. And since Christians could not lend money interest, the English king “had indirectly a monopoly on money-lending” in his realm.
1923: Birthdate of Slovokian-born British media mogul Ian Robert Maxwell.
1925: Birthdate of Nat Hentoff
1926: Socialist Congressman and champion of the underdog Meyer London was buried today at Mt. Carmel Cemetery in Queens following a funeral that included a procession of 50,000 mourners and half a million on-lookers. London may have the distinction of being the only Socialist who was condemned as an anti-American radical to have a United States naval vessel named in his honor. The U.S.S. Meyer London, one the famed fleet of Liberty ships, was launched in 1943 and was sunk by an enemy torpedo off the coast of Libya in 1944.
1928: In Philadelphia, Betty and Rabbi Simon Greenberg, the future vice chancellor of JTS gave birth to Moshe Greenberg, “one of the most influential Jewish biblical scholars of the 20th century.”
1928: Birthdate of Maurice Sendak, author of Where the Wild Things Are.
1932: In Brooklyn, Morris and Evelyn (Bayer) Ginsburg gave birth to Martin David Ginsberg Georgetown University Law Professor and famed tax attorney.
1932(6th of Sivan, 5692): First Day of Shavuot
1933: President Roosevelt submitted the name of Dr. William E. Dodd to serve as Ambassador to Germany and the Senate voted to confirm the nomination. Dodd served with distinction, but much to his dismay was unable to convince the State Department and others of the dangers presented by the rise of the Nazis.
1933: Joe T. Robinson of Arkansas, the Democratic majority leader, gave a speech on the floor the U.S. Senate strongly condemning the persecution of the Jews in Germany. He described what was going on in Germany as “sickening and terrifying.” As the Senate’s leading Democrat, Senator Robinson often serves as the unofficial spokesman for the administration. Jesse Metcalf, the Republican Senator from Rhode Island joined in the condemnation saying that “a violation of religious freedom in any part of the world is a blow at” American ideals. Senator Robert Wagner of New York expressed his “horror at the resorts of inteolerance, discrimination and violence.” Wagner’s condemnation carried additional weight since he was born in Germany and grew up there.Senator Royal Copeland spoke approvingly of Jews as a group, endorsed the comments of Senator Robinson but expressed the view that the German people were not responsible but rather they were “under a power over which they have no control.” [An early version of “the Germans are not Nazis” argument]
1934(27th of Sivan, 5694): Lev Semyonovich Vygotsky passed away. He “was a Soviet developmental psychologist whose work received widespread recognition in the Western world around the 1960s. According to Vygotsky, the intellectual development of children is a function of human communities, rather than of individuals.”
1936: The Palestine Post reported that two Arabs died and 26 Arabs and Armenians were injured by a bomb which exploded inside the Jaffa Gate on June 8.
1936: The Palestine Post reported that Mr. Ormsby Gore, the colonial secretary, told the House of Commons in London that the Palestine government was taking all possible action to protect life, property and communications in the country. The Palestine government was granted further emergency powers under the Palestine (Defense) Order in Council of 1931.
1936: “Five Arabs were seriously wounded today in as part of a round of disorder such as have become typical of the Arab anti-Jewish campaign In Palestine.” As the Arab uprising continued, “Jerusalem was again cut off from the rest of Palestine and the world in general when telephone and telegraph lines were severed” supposedly by Arab vandals.
1940: As the Nazi Blitz of the Low Countries and France was reaching a successful climax Italy under Mussolini, entered World War II on the side of the Germans. Italy's attack on France was described by Churchill as the hand that has held the dagger has now struck it in the back. This move by Mussolini would ultimately imperil the Italian Jewish Community, resulting in deportation and death later in the war.
1940: The French government departed Paris as the German armies swept forward. Soon an Armistice would be signed dividing control of France between Nazi occupation and the pro-Nazi Vichy Government. Jews would be at peril in both places.
1940: As two million Parisians flee the City of Light, Hans and Margaret Rey find themselves trapped in a city that the French government has declared “an open city.” This declaration means that unlike Warsaw, London, etc. Paris will be the one major city not bombed by the Nazis. This marks the beginning of strangely cordial relationship between the Nazis and the French which bodes ill for the Jews trapped in France including Hans Rey, the creator of Curious George and his wife Margaret.
1942: Today, during the siege of Bir Hakeim, part of the battle being fought against Rommel in North Africa, the British campaign headquarters of the British 8th Army issued an order to retreat. By then The Jewish Company, a volunteer unit that had consisted of 400 men at the start of the fight, had lost 75% of its men as they fought to delay Rommel's offensive for 10 days.
1942: Thousands of Jews were sent from Prague to ‘an unknown destination in the East' in cattle cars. The destination was Belzec, the site of their murder. The Jews of Biala Podlaska were sent to Sobibor.
1942: Jews gathered on the west bank of the Dniestr River before their deportation to Transnistria on the east bank of the river
http://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/exhibitions/this_month/june/11.asp
1943: Birthdate of television news personality Jeff Greenfield.
1943(7thof Shavuot, 5703): Second Day of Shavuot
1944(19th of Sivan, 5704): In the French village of Oradour-sur-Glane, Germans kill 642 residents as revenge for the killing of an SS officer by a Resistance sniper. Women and children are burned alive in a church and the men are machine-gunned. Of the 642 victims, seven are Jewish refugees who had escaped deportation to Auschwitz by living with sympathetic Oradour-sur-Glane villagers. Included among the dead is eight-year-old Serge Bergman.
1944: Reszoe (Rudolf) Kasztner, head of the Aid and Rescue Committee known as Va’adah chose “388 members of his own extended family, as well as groups of family friends” to serve as a selected groups of Jews that will be allowed to leave Hungary as a token of German “good faith” during the negotiations with Eichmann and Himmler that are being conducted by Joel Brand.
1944: Joel Brand who was being held by the British was allowed to speak with Moshe Shertok the head of the Jewish Agency’s Political Department about the deal the Nazis were offering “trade Jews for trucks.”
1945: In Italy, refugees in the Bericah Movement were photographed with soldiers from Palestine.
http://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/exhibitions/this_month/june/11.asp
1948: Syrian forces over-ran Mishmar Ha-Yarden a Jewish settlement on the west bank of the Jordan River. The Syrians had every advantage including control of the air, tanks and a full array of artillery. Realizing the desperate nature of their situation, the Jewish settlers sent the women and children away. The few surviving defenders were taken to Damascus. The Syrians called the victory Faith-Allah (the Capture of God). After the war, the Jews rebuilt Mishmar Ha-Yarden a mile from the original kibbutz. The ruins of the original settlement were left as a memorial to those who fought and fell in the fight to create a Jewish home. This was one of the last military actions before the first truce between the Israelis and the Arabs which was slated to start on June 11.
1948: The Negev Brigade attacked the Egyptian-held police fort of Iraq Suwaydan but were driven off in defeat.
1951(6th of Sivan, 5711): Shavuot
1959: In the Bronx Anne (née Goldhaber), an English literature professor, and Bernard Spitzer, a real estate mogul gave birth to Eliot Spitzer New York State’s Attorney General, Governor and talking television head for cable news.
1960(15th of Sivan, 5720): Charles Joseph Singer, distinguished “British historian of science, technology and medicine passed away. He was the son of Simeon Singer, the Rabbi of London’s West End Synagogue who translated the Authorized Daily Prayer Book into English. He was the husband of Dorothea Waley Cohen, who in a manner unusual for her time was a leading historian of the Medieval Period. There is no way that this blog can do justice to Singer’s long and distinguished career.
1962: Birthdate of actress Gina Gershwin
1966: Birthdate of Gina Bellman, “a New Zealand-born British actress.”
1967: As of today, Syria had lost approximately 100 combat aircraft.
1967: At 6:30 p.m. a cease-fire went into effect on the Golan Heights effectively ending the Six Day War. There was no Arab military force that could have kept the Israelis from taking Cairo, Damascus or Amman. But as Yitzchak Rabin pointed out, the Israelis had not gone to war to cease territory. They had gone to war only after all diplomatic efforts had failed and they were faced with the choice of fighting or facing extinction. In a week’s time they had changed the map of the Middle East. The forces facing them were not "tin men." Contrary to some of the comments made by the ill informed, the Arabs had fought hard and the IDF had suffered the casualties to prove it. The fact was that in a week Israel had gone from a nation with a noose around its neck to being victors who had reclaimed Jerusalem, seized the Golan Heights from which the Syrians had shelled Israeli farmers for almost two decades and occupied a swath of land from the Jordan River to the Suez Canal. In the weeks prior to the war, Israel had been subjected to constant shelling from the Golan Heights and blockading by Egypt of the Straits of Tiran (Israel's only southern sea outlet). Once the UN observer forces left the Sinai at Egypt's behest the stage was set for war. Within a few days, the entire Sinai was in Israel's hands, and despite being warned not to interfere, Jordan shelled Jerusalem opening that front as well. This battle led to the capture of the West Bank and the unification of Jerusalem. On the Syrian front, Israel succeeded in pushing the Syrians back to Kunetra and taking part of the Hermon range. In fewer then six days, Israel had routed all three of its neighbors losing over 700 men and having over 2,500 wounded. More than 400 Arab planes and 500 tanks were destroyed. The UN Security Council rejected a Soviet call for an unconditional pullback to the "green line".
1970(6th of Sivan, 5730): Shavuot
1976: The Jerusalem Post reported that the Knesset approved the Ben-Gurion Memorial Bill on its first reading. The memorial covered Ben-Gurion's home in Tel Aviv, the Institute for the Legacy of Ben-Gurion at Kibbutz Sde Boker and the Desert Institute in the Negev. There was a threat that Egged buses would grind to a halt as the cooperative was unable to pay its fuel suppliers to whom it owed IL 4m., in addition to millions it owed to suppliers of other equipment. The Ministry of Transport insisted that if the cooperative wished to obtain the IL 200m.government-guaranteed loan, it would have to deduct IL 300 per month from its members' salaries. But following the ministry's order to carry soldiers free, Egged reneged on this agreement.
1976(12th of Sivan, 5736): Adolph Zukor, founder of Paramount Studios and one Hollywood’s early movie moguls passed away at the age of 103.
1977: “Ford Honored” published today described President Gerald Ford’s speech condemning terrorism which he deliver at a dinner that was “raising funds for scholarships” for those attending Hebrew University.
1982: Units of the Golani Brigade and the Barak Armored Brigade finished the fighting that resulted in the capture of two villages on the outskirts of Beirut.
1994(1st of Tammuz, 5754): Rosh Chodesh Tammuz
1998: In “King of Simon Says Is Up to His Old Games,” Joyce Walder described the career of 77 year old tummler Allan Tresser.
http://www.nytimes.com/1998/06/10/nyregion/king-of-simon-says-is-up-to-his-old-games.html?scp=2&sq=%22Lou+Goldstein%22+and+tummler&st=nyt
1999: In Baltimore, Maryland, Anshe-Emunah-Aitz Chaim-Tifereth Israel voted to merge with Moses Montifore Emunath Israel-Woodmoor Hebrew Congregation.
2000(7th of Sivan, 5760): Second Day of Shavuot
2001: The New York Times featured reviews of books by Jewish authors and/or of special interest to Jewish readers including Skeptical Music: Essays on Modern Poetry by David Bromwich and Dance with Demons: The Life of Jerome Robbins by Greg Lawrence.
2002: President Bush welcomed Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon to the White House.
2004: Ambassador Earle I. Mack presented his credentials to the President of Finland, Tarja Halonen. Ambassador Mack has a long history associated with business, the arts, public service, and education. He received his Bachelor of Science from Drexel University and was honored being selected from 65,000 candidates as one of 100 outstanding alumni among the "Drexel 100", and he attended Fordham School of Law. He holds an honorary degree in Doctor of Humane Letters from Yeshiva University. From 1992-2004, he served as Chairman of the Board of the Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law where presently he is Chairman Emeritus.
2004:Effi Eitamand Yitzhak Levy quit the government to protest the plan to leave Gaza.
2004: Tzipi Livini succeeded Effit Eitam as Minister of Housing and Construction.
2005:Major General Yiftach Ron-Tal took command of Modash, the Field Intelligence Corps.
2006: Bat Mitzvah of Gail Barnum, daughter of Amy and Joel Barnum.
2007: In “Adjusted Income” published today, Daniel Handler described what it is like to have lots of money made by writing children’s books.
http://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/10/magazine/10lives-t.html?ex=&en=36da098aefe0174b&ei=5090&partner=span%20class=Handler's
2007: At Temple Judah, In Cedar Rapids, Iowa, Dr. Howard Lenhoff describes a real and modern exodus--the rescue of Ethiopian Jews and their deliverance to Israel. Dr. Lenhoff, a graduate of Coe College and a distinguished biologist at the University of California (Irvine), was instrumental in this rescue. He is the author of author of, Black Jews, Jews, and Other Heroes. How Grassroots Activism Led to the Rescue of the Ethiopian Jews
2007: Annual Temple Judah Congregational Meeting in Cedar Rapids, Iowa.
2007: The Sunday New York Times book section featured a review of Sylvia and The Collected Stories two works by the late Jewish author Leonard Michaels.
2007: Norman Finkelstein, who gained famed for his controversial comments about the Holocaust, has been denied tenure by De Paul University
2007: The Sunday Washington Post book section featured a review of 1967: Israel, the War and the Year That Transformed the Middle East by Tom Segev.
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