OCTOBER 6 In History
877: Charles the Bald, King of France, passed away. Regardless of whatever others may think of him, Charles the Bald, who was King of France, comes up on the plus side in Jewish history when compared to other monarchs since he resisted enforcing the anti-Semitic edicts of the Archbishop of Lyon. Charles motives were political and economic, not religious.
1014: Samuil of Bulgaria passed away. He was the Emperor of the First Bulgarian Empire from 986 until his death in battle while fighting the Byzantines. Jews fleeing from the persecution of the Byzantine Empire had found refuge among the Bulgarians. Samuil was a member of the Comitopuli dynasty whose leaders had names like Samuel (Samuil), Moses and David, which “could indicate partial Jewish origin, most likely maternal, though this is disputed.”
1755(1st of Cheshvan, 5516): Rosh Chodesh Cheshvan
1755(1st of Cheshvan, 5516): A.M. Rothschild’s father died of small pox.
1759(15thof Tishrei, 5520): Sukkoth
1806: The Assembly of Jewish notables is required to answer 12 questions intended to inform the authorities about the nature of Judaism and to test the knowledge of French among the Jews.
1843: Birthdate of Herman Rosenthal, the Russian born American author, editor and librarian.
1846: In India, Jessie Sarah and Henry Edward Goldsmid gave birth to Albert Edward Goldsmid. A graduate of Sandhurst, the famed military school, he held a series of progressively more important positions in the British army until he was “selected by Baron de Hirsch to supervise” the colonies being established in Argentina for Jewish refugees from eastern Europe. He went to serve with distinction during the Boer War.
1849: The victorious Austrian general orders the execution of 13 rebel Hungarian generals in Arad. These men are known as the 13 Martyrs of Arad. Their execution marked an end to the revolt by Kossuth against the repressive Austrian regime. Kossuth had supported emancipation for the Jews of Hungary and the Jews had supported the revolt. The Jews of Hungary suffered cruelly at the hands of the victorious Austrians as well as the local Slavic population that had viewed the uprising as a Magyar dominated event. The defeat of the liberal forces in
Hungary
led to immigration of Hungarians – Jews as well as non-Jews – to the
United States
just as a similar defeat for German liberals led to their migration to the United States
1851: An article entitled “The Hungarians” published today reported that U.S.S. Mississippi, “commanded by Captain Levy” had arrived in Constantinople for the purpose of providing Louis Kossuth, the exiled Hungarian political leader, with safe passage to France. The Mississippi was one of the first ocean-going steam vessels belonging to the U.S. Navy and would be part of the fleet that entered Tokyo Bay with Commodore Perry. Captain Levy would not be part of that voyage.
1851(10th of Tishrei, 5612): Yom Kippur
1851: The first recorded Jewish religious observance in
Southern California
was held at the home of Lewis Abraham Franklin in
San Diego
on Yom Kippur.
Franklin
had held what may have been the first High Holiday Services in the history of the state. In 1849, he held Rosh Hashanah services in his "store" (a tent) in
San Francisco
. He later moved to
San Diego
. The first synagogue, Adath Jeshurun, was founded 10 years later by Louis Rose. Rose was a less than successful land speculator in
San Diego
.
1853:The Foreign Items column published today reported that Alexander Weill, a Jew who converted to Catholicism attributes the diseases attacking crops in parts of Europe "to the non-observance to the precepts of Moses who ordained that the soil should be left fallow during every seventh year, as God rested on the seventh day.
1856:An article entitled Pleasant Prospect for Foreign Voters reported that, “Some ‘Jew’ having interrupted Governor Floyd, when he was avowing his readiness to vote for Fillmore, with the pertinent inquiry, ‘how about the foreign vote?’ the Governor replied, that they should be treated as the Greeks proposed to do with Hector, feed him on one day and disembowel him the next. Fillmore is Millard Fillmore former President of the United States who had been a member of the Whig Party. When the Whigs collapsed, Fillmore joined the American Party, the political party of the anti-immigrant, anti-Catholic Know-Nothing Movement. John Floyd was a prominent member of the Democrat Party who had served as Governor of Virginia. Considering the surge in Jewish immigration to the United States during the 1850’s Fillmore and the Know-Nothings were a great concern to all Jews.
1863(10thof Tishrei, 5764): Yom Kippur
1863: During the U.S. Civil War, Union authorities began the process of mustering the 15th Kentucky Cavalry (a unit formed by Lt. Col. Gabriel Netter) out of active service. There is a note of irony that this process affecting a unit formed by a Jewish soldier, should begin on the Day of Atonement.
1870: An article published today entitled “Loss of Life in War” described what is considered to be “the shocking slaughter” taking place on 19thcentury battlefields. In making comparison, the article reports that when Titus took Jerusalem, “more than a million Jews are believed to have perished.”
1871(21stof Tishrei, 5632): Hoshanah Rabah
1872(4thof Tishrei, 5633): Fast of Gedaliah is observed since the 3rd of Tishrei fell on Shabbat
1873(15thof Tishrei, 5634): Sukkoth
1873: According to published reports today’s “Jewish festival of ‘Succoth’ or the Feast of Tabernacles…is the harvest feast of the Jews and is a season for rejoicing and thanksgiving…The observance of this festival is not general, being confined almost entirely to the orthodox portion of the Jewish community.
1873: At meeting of leading Christians held at Steinway Hall in New York City a person from Cincinnati claimed “the Jews in that section of the country asserted that America was their promised land, and they no longer believed the ideas taught by their forefathers.” [Cincinnati was the stronghold of the Reform Movement.]
1877: In New York City, the Young Men’s Hebrew Association sponsored a program at the Lyric Hall that was attended by “the elite of Jewish society. Mr. I.S. Isaacs presided over the event. He was joined on the platform by Dr. De Sola Mendez and Rabbi Henry S. Jacobs. General Stewart L. Woodford, who had served with distinction in the Civil War and was active in the New York State Republican Party delivered an address entitled “Toleration.” Professor J.L. Rice played a piano solo and Miss Gertrude Emanuel sang a ballad. The evening ended with a recitation of “Phil Blood’s Leap by Joseph Michaels.
1878(9thof Tishrei, 5639): Erev Yom Kippur
1878: An article published today, “The Hebraic Day of Atonement” reported that “the Jewish fast of Yom Kippur, or the Day of Atonement, commences at sundown this evening. This fast is more generally observed than any other o the numerous fasts and feasts in the Hebraic calendar…This is particularly the case among the orthodox Jews who keep a strict fast for 24 hours…The Reformed Jews, while they have discarded the fast, still regard the day as one of solemn import…”
1882(23rdof Tishrei, 5643): Simchat Torah
1883: In New York City, the Young Men’s Hebrew Association hosted a meeting of Jewish immigrants from Germany and Russia at the Five Points House of Industry. The YMHA shared its plans to start classes in English and American social customs.
1884: It was reported today that three alleged accomplices of Gabriel Richter who conspired to set the third fire in the last 15 months at 203 East Broadway, “a three story tenement, occupied by” three Jewish families from Poland.
1884: Birthdate of Felix Weltsch, a German-speaking Jewish librarian, philosopher, author, editor, publisher and journalist who was a close friend of Max Brod and Franz Kafka, he was one of the most important Zionists in Bohemia.
1887: “Dr.M’Glynn and the Jews” published today briefly described the views of Edward McGlynn about religious doctrine stating that the difference between Judaism and Christianity was that the former placed a premium on universal justice while the latter placed a premium on “blind faith.” (McGlynn was a Roman Catholic priest who had been excommunicated earlier in the year because of his political positions including the support of Henry George.)
1889: “Talk of the Day Abroad” published today described the latest act of anti-Semitism in Leipzig as transcending “the ordinary in sheer stupidity.” In response to the thousands who visit the home of Mendelssohn, the citizenry raised money for a stained-glass window at the church of St. Thomas, to honor the composer of “Elijah.” However, the project came to a grinding halt when “somebody started an outcry that the Mendelssohns were Jews.
1892(15thof Tishrei, 5653): Sukkoth
1892: Birthdate of
U.S.
diplomat Laurence Steinhardt
1898: Herzl arrives in
Berlin
for another conversation with Graf Eulenberg.
1901(23rdof Tishrei, 5662): Simchat Torah
1903(15thof Tishrei, 5664): Sukkoth
1903: The High Court of Australia sits for the first time. In the early 1930’s Sir Isaac Alfred Isaacs would be the first Jew to serve as Chief Justice of Australia.
1907: Birthdate of Salome Gluecksohn-Waelsch, a German-born geneticist and co-founder of developmental genetics who fled Hitler’s German to pursue her career in the United States. Winner of the Thomas Hunt Morgan Medal in 1993 and the National Medal of Science in 1996, she passed away in November of 2007, a month after celebrating her 100thbirthday.
1909(21st of Tishrei, 5670): Hoshanah Rabah
1909: The funeral for Rabbi Falk Vidaver who passed away yesterday at the age of 65, is scheduled to be held today at his home in New York City. Burial will take place in the cemetery belonging to the Temple at 72nd and Lexington Avenue where Falk served as rabbi for twelve years.
1909:Miss Clara L. Clemens, daughter of Samuel L. Clemens, (Mark Twain,) was married at noon to-day to Ossip Gabrilowitsch, the Russian pianist. The wedding took place in the drawing room at Stormfield, Mr. Clemens's country home, with the Rev. Dr. Joseph H. Twitchell of Hartford, a close friend of Mr. Clemens, as officiating clergyman. The groom was Jewish. The bride was not.
1910(3rdof Tishrei, 5671): Tzom Gedaliah
1914: The battleship U.S.S. North Carolina brings $50,000 from the Jews of the United States to the Jewish community in Palestine.
1917: Today, during World War I, the 65th U.S. Congress passed an act that allowed for the creation of an additional twenty chaplains to serve in the United States Army. These positions were for repesentatives of "religious sects" not usually represented in these positions. The language of the act was convulted but what Congress was really doing was creating positions to be filled by Jewish and Unitarian chaplains - religious sects that had hitherto been under-represented or unrepresented in chaplaincy.
1921: Great Britain, the mandatory power governing Palestine, announced that Haifa will become a free port and that a new harbor will be constructed by a British company with a loan from the Palestine Mandatory Government of 10,000,000 English pounds. As part of a tariff agreement reached with the French, the mandatory power governing Syria, goods entering Haifa bound for Syria will be treated as duty free. This should be a boon to trade with those living in Mesopotamia as well.
1921: Birthdate of Soviet mathematician Yvgeny Landis who is known for his work on partial differential equations. (I do not have clue as to what that means)
1925(17th of Tishrei, 5686): Chol Hamoed Sukkoth
1925(17th of Tishrei, 5686): “The noted Jewish scholar, Dr. Israel Abrahams, reader in Talmudic and Rabbinic literature at Cambridge University passed away today in Cambridge” (UK) at the age of 66. Dr. Abrahams came from a family of scholars. “His father, Barnett Abrahams, was the Dayan of the Spanish & Portuguese Congregation in London.” Two of his brothers are rabbis including Dr. Joseph Abrahams, the Chief Rabbi of Melbourne, Australia. Dr. Abrahams has been at Cambridge for the last twenty three years. He was the first President of the Union of Jewish Literary Societies and held several leadership positions with the Jewish Historical Society of England. Dr. Abrahams was a prolific author whose best known work maybe “Jewish Life in the Middle Ages” which was published in 1896. In his later years he identified with the more liberal wing of Judaism. Abrahams’ first speaking tour in the United States was in 1912. He returned again in 1924. [Abrahams comment that anti-Semitism is on the wane in Germany made in 1912 stands in stark contrast to the reality of the post war years.]
1925: Birthdate of journalist Shana Alexander who gained national fame as part of the Point/Counterpoint segment on “Sixty Minutes.” As the liberal, she fenced with conservative columnist James Kirkpatrick.
1927(10th of Tishrei, 5688): Yom Kippur
1927: The era of talking pictures arrived with the opening of ''The Jazz Singer,'' starring Al Jolson.
1927: Jewish editor Herman Bernstein post a $15,000 bond so that Mordechai Golinkin, conductor of the Palestine Opera and former director of the Petrograd Opera, his wife Lea and a fellow traveler can be released from their three day detention on Ellis Island. Authorities detained the party because Golinkin had no contracts to perform in the United States which meant he did not meet the legal requirement of being able to demonstrate that he had a means of support.
1928: In the aftermath of the Massena (NY) Blood Libel that Assemblyman Julius Berg said that the apology by Mayor Gilbert Hawes “showed conclusively that he had been guility of a serious injustice against the Jews of Messina. Berg said no apology could make up for the wrong done and that unless the mayor resigned he would go to court to have him removed from office. When a four year child had been reported missing on the eve of Yom Kippur, the mayor had suggested that the disappearance might be due to a ritual murder. This resulted in Rabbi Brennglass being summoned to the police station for questioning.
1933: Birthdate of lawyer and author Louis Begley. Born in
Stryj
,
Poland
, Begley survived the Holocaust, graduated from
Harvard
Law
School
and became a highly successful attorney. His first book, Wartime Lies, was published in 1991.
1935(9thof Tishrei, 5696): Erev Yom Kippur
1935(9thof Tishrei, 5696): Eighty-three year old composer and conductor Sir Frederic Hymen Cowen passed away.
http://www.btinternet.com/~john.parker17/index.html
1936: Sir Oswald Mosley planned a provocative meeting of his British Union of Fascists in the East End for today The inhabitants of the area determined that ''They shall not pass!'' and congregated at Gardner's Corner. When in response Mosley and his Black Shirts, with a fair degree of police support, changed direction, the protesters dashed along the Commercial Road, surged down Christian Street and turned right into Cable Street. At the junction with Royal Mint Street, now marked by a plaque, the Fascists indeed ''did not pass.'' They were later ordered to disperse, and Mosley thundered: ''The government surrenders to Red violence and Jewish corruption. We never surrender.'' In fact, Fascism in Britain, at least as an organized political movement, was soon a dead letter.
1936: The New York City Public School system announced today that it is beginning a series of radio broadcast as part of its educational efforts. Among the broadcasts will be a series aimed at language students including those studying Hebrew who will hear programs about Jerusalem, Tel Aviv, and the Waves of Galilee.
1937: The Palestine Post reported from
Berlin
that German Jews might soon be ordered to wear yellow badges. Jews were ordered to report to local police stations where they were forced to stand for hours, facing the wall, until they collapsed and were ready to give up their property for nothing.
1937: The Palestine Post reported that he Arab Defense Party, which had broken away from the Husseini-run Arab Higher Committee, was allowed to meet in
Jerusalem
, under the chairmanship of Ragheb Bey Nashashibi.
1938: The last casualty of the International Brigades, Haskel Honigstern, was given a state funeral in Barcelona. The Spanish poet Jose Herrera wrote of him: "Haskel Honigstern, Polish worker of the Jewish race, son of an obscure land, killed in the light of my homeland." Coincidentally, the first casualty of the International Brigades was Leon Baum, a Jew from
Paris
1939: In an address to the Reichstag, Hitler offers peace to
England
and
France
, but only if
Germany
's former colonies are returned,
Germany
is allowed to join world trade, and
Britain
and
France
allow
Germany
to solve the "Jewish problem."
1940(4th of Tishrei, 5701): Tzom Gedaliah
1940(4th of Tishrei, 5701): Illinois Governor Henry Horner passed away today at the age of 62. Horner, was a distinguished jurist before entering state politics as a reformer. Henry Levy was the son of Solomon Levy and Dilah Horner. When his parents divorced, his mother resumed using her maiden name and young Levy became Horner.
1941(15th of Tishrei, 5702): First Day of Sukkoth
1941(15th of Tishrei, 5702): Over the next 48 hours, the majority of Jews in Dvinsk, Latvia, are murdered.
1941(15th of Tishrei, 5702):In Kovno, 1,500 Jews without work passes were taken away to be shot. The Kovno hospital was sealed shut and burned to the ground with everyone still in it.
1943: Helen Manaster a Jew posing as a Catholic, is called out of the delivery room in the Kraków, Poland, hospital while in the throes labor pains to face two Gestapo agents. She keeps her calm and the Gestapo agents tell her to go back to bed.
1943: This is “The Day the Rabbis Marched on
Washington
.” Dr. Rafael Medoff‘s article quoted in its entirety describes one attempt to save the Jews of Europe. That they did not succeed is besides the point in terms of the historic record; they made the attempt. Each time we read of these “small” efforts, we cannot help but wonder what a concerted effort might have brought. The Jews of Europe Save or the Jews of America condemned as putting their own parochial interests ahead of the war effort?
"Clear the way for those rabbis!" That was the first, and probably last, time the Station Master at
Washington
,
D.C.
's Union Station shouted those words. The crowd before him was unlike any that had ever been seen in the central train station of the nation's capitol. The date was
October 6, 1943
and more than four hundred rabbis had come to plead for
U.S.
government action to save Jews from Hitler. Most of the rabbis were from the
New York
area, but others came from
Philadelphia
and
Baltimore
, some from as far away as
Chicago
,
Cleveland
,
Cincinnati
, and
Pittsburgh
. The fact that October 6 was just three days before Yom Kippur made participation especially difficult, but it also added to the sense of urgency surrounding the occasion. The rabbis, many wearing long black coats and black hats, marched solemnly from Union Station to the cluster of buildings known as the Capitol. They were met on the steps of the Capitol by Vice President Henry Wallace and a number of prominent Members of Congress. There two of the leaders of the march read aloud the group's petition to the president, in Hebrew and English. "Children, infants, and elderly men and women, are crying to us, 'Help!'," they read. "Millions have already fallen dead, sentenced to fire and sword, and tens of thousands have died of starvation ... And we, how can we stand up to pray on the holy day of Yom Kippur, knowing that we haven't fulfilled our responsibility? So we have come, brokenhearted, on the eve of our holiest day, to ask you, our honorable President Franklin Roosevelt ... to form a special agency to rescue the remainder of the Jewish nation in
Europe
." The protesters proceeded to the Lincoln Memorial, where they offered prayers for the welfare of the president,
America
's soldiers abroad, and the Jews in Hitler Europe, and then sang the national anthem. Then they marched to the gates of the White House, where they had expected a small delegation would be granted a meeting with President Roosevelt. Instead, to their surprise and disappointment, they were met by presidential secretary Marvin McIntyre, who told them the president was unavailable "because of the pressure of other business." In fact, the president had nothing on his schedule that afternoon, but had been urged to avoid the rabbis by his speechwriter and adviser Samuel Rosenman (a prominent member of the American Jewish Committee) and Dr. Stephen Wise (president of the American Jewish Congress), who were embarrassed by the protesters and feared the march might provoke anti-Semitism.
Roosevelt
decided to leave the White House through a rear exit.
Roosevelt
's refusal to grant haven to European Jewish refugees was based on a cold political calculation. He knew that most Americans were opposed to letting in more refugees, and he was worried how the issue might affect his upcoming campaign for re-election. The president claimed there was nothing that could be done for the Jews until after the
U.S.
and its allies defeated
Germany
in the war. But Jewish leaders knew that if they waited until after the war, there might be no Jews left in
Europe
to save. If President Roosevelt thought he could avoid this controversy by avoiding the rabbis, he was mistaken. The next day's newspapers told the story. "Rabbis Report 'Cold Welcome' at the White House," declared the headline of a report in the Washington Times-Herald. A columnist for one Jewish newspaper angrily asked: "Would a similar delegation of 500 Catholic priests have been thus treated?" The editors of another Jewish newspaper, Forverts (Forward), reported that the episode had affected the president's previously-high level of support in the Jewish community: "In open comment it is voiced that
Roosevelt
has betrayed the Jews."
The rabbis who marched that day included some of the most prominent rabbinical figures in the American Jewish community, such as Eliezer Silver and Israel Rosenberg, co-presidents of the Union of Orthodox Rabbis; Solomon Friedman, president of the Union of Grand Rabbis; and Bernard Dov Leventhal, known both as the chief rabbi of Philadelphia and one of the leaders of the Orthodox rabbinate nationwide. There were also some younger rabbis who would soon become quite prominent, such as Moshe Feinstein, who would later come to be regarded as the leading authority in
America
on matters of Jewish religious law, and Abraham Joshua Heschel, soon to emerge as the most prominent theologian in Conservative Judaism. The march of the rabbis was sponsored by the Emergency Committee to Save the Jewish People of Europe, a group established by Peter Bergson, a young Zionist activist from
Jerusalem
. Although new to
America
, Bergson understood that in American politics, dramatic tactics are sometimes needed to attract attention and promote a cause. He organized a dramatic pageant called "We Will Never Die," to publicize the plight of
Europe
's Jews. The Emergency Committee also sponsored hundreds of full-page newspaper advertisements urging the
United States
government to rescue the refugees. The rabbinical march, coming on the heels of the pageant and the newspaper ads, was designed to attract public attention and, especially, to help launch a major new initiative in Congress on the rescue issue. The immediate impact of the march was that it publicized, and speeded up, the introduction of a Congressional resolution that the Bergson group had initiated, calling for the creation of a federal government agency to rescue refugees. The
Roosevelt
administration opposed the resolution, fearing the rescue campaign would increase pressure to let refugees come to the
U.S.
But its effort to block the resolution foundered when the State Department's top immigration authority, Breckinridge Long, gave wildly misleading testimony at the hearings on the rescue resolution. The embarrassing publicity from the hearings, combined with behind-the-scenes pressure from Treasury Secretary Henry Morgenthau, Jr. and his aides, convinced President Roosevelt to establish the agency the resolution had demanded--the War Refugee Board. During the final eighteen months of World War II, the Board played a crucial role in saving the lives of more than 200,000 Jews in
Europe
. (Among other things, the Board helped finance the work of rescue hero Raoul Wallenberg.) When the rabbis set out for the White House on that chilly October afternoon, they had no way of knowing if their effort would have any impact. When they recited their Yom Kippur prayers three days later, all they knew was that they had fulfilled their Jewish obligation--to try. But as the months passed and the successes of the War Refugee Board became known, they could feel proud that they had played a role in making it possible
1944(19th of Tishrei, 5705): During Sukkoth Chol Hamoed, a two day uprising begins at Auschwitz. Sonderkommando Jews from
Poland
,
Hungary
, and
Greece
, who are forced to transport gassed corpses to crematoria at
Auschwitz
, attack SS guards with hammers, stones, picks, crowbars, and axes. They also blow up one of the four crematoria with explosives smuggled into the camp from a nearby munitions factory. Russian POWs throw an SS man alive into a crematorium furnace. The SS fights back with machine guns, hand grenades, and dogs. 250 Jews are shot outside the camp wire. An additional 12 who escape will later be found and executed.
1946: Eleven kibbutz settlements were established in a single night.
1946: Establishment of Kfar Darom, not far from
Gaza
. Two years later, attacking Egyptian forces would capture the Kibbutz after a prolonged siege.
1946: Establishment of Gal-On (
Monument
of
Strength
). The founding members of the kibbutz were from Poland. Some of whom had survived the wartime ghettos or had fought as partisans against the Germans. The name was a memorial to those who had died in the Ghetto revolts.
1946: Shoval, named for a nearby ancient biblical town, was established by South African Jews sixteen miles north of
Beersheba
. To deal with the harsh climate the kibbutzim used contour plowing and built a modern reservoir. While cultivating the land, they also cultivated good relations with the Bedouin who passed through the area.
1946: “Bill Steiner, representing the Maccabiah club of New York, captured the U.S. national title in the 30 kilometer run today” with a time of 1 hour, 38 minutes and 2 seconds. Steiner’s win was no fluke. He had won the AAU 20 mile run in Philadelphia in 1932 and won the Maccabiah marathon championship in Tel Aviv in 1935.
1948: Frederick Sylvester, a former employee of the Jerusalem Electric Corporation was found guilty of espionage in connection the Ben Yehuda Street Bombing and was sentenced to seven years in prison.
1949: Birthdate of Les Moonves, President and
CEO
of CBS television
1951(6th of Tishrei, 5712):Shabbat Shuva
1951(6th of Tishrei, 5712):Otto Fritz Meyerhof, German born American physician and biochemist passed away. Mayerhof shared the 1922 Nobel Prize in Medicine with Archibald Vivian Hill. Meyerhof left Germany in 1938, settling in Philadelphia in 1941 where he joined the faculty of the University of Pennsylvania.
1952: The Jerusalem Post reported that Prof. Nelson Glueck was invited by the Israel Exploration Society to head a projected 10-year archeological survey of
Israel
. Nelson Glueck was one of the great names among the archeologists working in
Israel
. Born in 1900, Glueck graduated from the University of Cincinnati and earned his PhD from the University of Jena (Germany) in 1926. During his career he uncovered over 1,000 sites in the
Middle East
including the copper mines of King Solomon and the
Red Sea
port
of
Ezion Geber
. Glueck's discoveries provided archeological verification for information found in the Bible. In 1947, Glueck was named President of Hebrew Union College. One of his most famous and popular books was Rivers in the Desert: A History of the Negev, published in 1959. Glueck's fame was such that he appeared on the cover of Time magazine in December, 1963, under the title "The Search for Man's Past." Glueck passed away in 1971.
1953(27th of Tishrei, 5714): Doctor Rahel Hirsch the German born doctor who became the first woman in the Kingdom of Prussia to be appointed as a professor in medicine passed away. Born in 1870 in Frankfurt am Main, she was one of eleven children of Mendel Hirsch, the director of the girls’ school of the Jewish religious community in Frankfurt am Main. From 1885 to 1889, she took a degree in education in Wiesbaden. She then worked until 1898 as a teacher. After her doctorate she was assistant to Friedrich Kraus at Charité. Since she was Jewish, the takeover by the Nazis meant she could not practice medicine. In October of 1938 she moved to London, where one of her sisters lived. Since her degree was not recognized by the British, she worked as a laboratory assistant and later as a translator. The last years she spent plagued by depression, delusions and persecutory fears. She was in a mental hospital on the outskirts of London, where she died on October 6, 1953 at 83 years old.
1956: Prime Minister David Ben Gurion rejects Moshe Dayan’s demand for a reprisal raid, assuring his chief of staff that plans were in the works for a major operation against the Egyptians.
1960(15thof Tishrei, 5721): Sukkoth
1963: Barbra Streisand appears on "The Judy Garland Show"
1963: Sandy Koufax leads the LA Dodgers to a four game sweep of the Yanks in the 60th World Series. Koufax pitched victories against Yankee ace Whitey Ford in games one and four.
1965 (10th of Tishrei, 5726): Sandy Koufax refuses to pitch in the first game of the World Series because it is Yom Kippur. “In October 1965, the Los Angeles Dodgers were playing the Minnesota Twins in the World Series. The opening game was on Yom Kippur and Sandy Koufax, who had won 26 games that season and struck out 382 batters to set a major league record, did not pitch for his team. Koufax was not treated with respect by the local press in
St. Paul
. He did pitch the second game and lost, but won the fifth and seventh games (both complete game shutouts), and the Dodgers won the World Series. Koufax won the Cy Young Award three times, as well as being voted the National League's Most Valuable Player in 1963. In 1965 he pitched a perfect game against the Chicago Cubs, the fourth no-hitter of his career. Koufax is considered by many to be one of the greatest pitchers of all time.”
1969: Israeli officials reported today that three Egyptian MIGs (Soviet built warplane) had been shot down in a battle over the
Suez Canal
.
1973(10th of Tishrei, 5734): Normal life grinds to a halt in Israel on Yom Kippur which also happens to fall on Shabbat.
1973: At
four o’clock
in the morning, Israeli intelligence had hard proof that war would break out before sundown on October 6. The information had come from the head of Mossad. Moshe Dyan, the Defense Minister, refused the request of the IFD Chief of Staff General Elazar to mobilize and launch a pre-emptive strike against
Syria
. The Nixon Administration had warned the Israelis not to strike first or to take any action which the Arabs could claim was provocative. Elazar appealed to Prime Minister Golda Meir. Meir strikes a compromise. She will allow a mobilization, but it is only to be partial one.
1973: Prime Minister Golda Meir convened an emergency meeting in Tel Aviv with senior defense officials at 8:05 this morning. Six hours before the outbreak of the war, Israeli preparations for a general offensive by Arab armies finally began. The warnings of the intelligence source were being taken seriously, as was the fact that the Russians were pulling families out of Egypt and Syria, a sign of approaching war. But U.S. intelligence was not predicting war. Minister Yisrael Galili said a source had suggested the war could be prevented by leaking information that would reach the Egyptians and Syrians, so they would knew their plans for attack had been discovered. The Israeli officials at the meeting were concerned about Jordan because it wasn't clear if the kingdom would join in the assault on Israel. Initially, Mrs. Meir deliberated between Chief of Staff Elazar's call for a full mobilization of the reserves and Moshe Dayan's request for a limited call-up. "If you approve a major mobilization of the reserves, I won't resign," Dayan said. But with an eye to international reaction, he added, "A full mobilization before even one shot is fired - they will say right away that we are the aggressors." At 9:20 A.M., a full mobilization was approved.
1973: War erupted in the
Middle East
as
Egypt
and
Syria
attacked
Israel
during the Yom Kippur holiday. The two Arab states attacked with hundreds of planes and more than a thousand tanks. By the end of the day, the Egyptians have established three bridgeheads across the Suez, Syrian artillery is shelling Israeli settlements and Israelis were being told to black out their windows in case of an air raid. By the end of the day 200,000 Israeli soldiers, most of whom were mobilizing reservists faced 300,000 Syrians and 850,000 Egyptians.
1973: On the first night of the Yom Kippur War five boats led by flotilla commander Michael Barkai sailed north to engage in the first-ever missile battle at sea off the main Syrian port of Latakia. The feisty Barkai told his captains that their objective was to draw the Syrian missile boats out of harbor. "If they don't come out, I mean to sail in and get them with guns." Two Syrian picket boats were encountered well off the Syrian coast. The first, a torpedo boat, was sunk with gunfire. The second, a minesweeper, was hit with missiles, the Gabriel's first blood. Three Syrian missile boats already at sea turned to meet the intruders. With their 25-kilometer advantage, the Syrians got in the first salvo. The Israeli boats raised their electronic umbrella and charged. In naval headquarters, officers monitoring Barkai's radio net heard him report the Syrian launch. His voice was level but taut. Herut Tzemah braced. The lives of 200 men as well as the fate of the missile boat program hung now on whether he had assessed the Styx's parameters correctly. The radio remained silent for the two minutes it took for the Syrian missiles to complete their flight. Then Barkai's voice. "They missed." The three Syrian boats ran for harbor, but one, the only one with missiles remaining, turned on the closest Israeli pursuer. As the two boats raced at each other, the Syrian fired first. The Israeli vessel again put up its electronic and chaff umbrella and at maximum Gabriel range launched two missiles. The Styx and Gabriel missiles passed each other, the former hitting the sea, the latter exploding on the deck of the Syrian vessel. A second Syrian boat was sunk a few moments later. The Soviet-built vessels had no countermeasures and were doomed once the Israelis reached Gabriel range. The captain of the third Syrian boat, realizing the situation, ran his vessel onto the shore to escape.
1973(10th of Tishrei, 5734): Yadin Tannenbaum, a young flautist was killed in 1973 while fighting in the Yom Kippur war. The 1981 Halil, Leonard Bernstein’s nocturne for flute, percussion, and strings, it is dedicated “to the spirit of Yadin and to His Fallen Brothers.”
1981: Anwar Sadat was assassinated by Moslem fanatics angered by the peace treaty with Israel. Sadat was murdered on the 14th anniversary of the Yom Kippur War.
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