The World's Biggest Holocaust Whitewash from History
THE HINDU HOLOCAUST
Compiled by Deva S. Samaroo
The genocide suffered by the Hindus of India at the hands of Arab, Turkish, Mughal, Afgan and the British for a period of over 1200 years is as yet formally unrecognised by the World. Though Alexander –the- Great entered India he did not cause genocide or destruction like the Mughals and British Colonialism.
The only similar genocide in the recent past was that of the Jewish people at the hands of the Nazis; of the Africans during the slave trade and also the almost total extermination of native populations like the Aboriginal people in Australia and the native Mayan Indians, Aztecs, Incas, etc. in North and South America and of recent years nearly 2 million Tibetans were killed by the Chinese insurgence and invasion of Tibet. Over half million Kashmiri Hindu Pandits have been displaced and many thousands killed by Indian Kashmiri Muslims. In the last century nearly 270 million people have been killed by fundamentalist Islam and proselytizing crusading Christians in the world.
The holocaust of the Hindus in India was of even greater proportions; the only difference was that it continued for over 1200 years, till the brutal regimes were effectively overpowered in a life and death struggle by the Sikhs Guru Govind Singh in the Punjab and the Hindu Maratha Chhatrapati Shivaji armies in other parts of India in the late 1700's.
We have elaborate literary evidence of the World’s biggest holocaust from existing historical contemporary eyewitness accounts. The historians and biographers of the invading armies and subsequent rulers of India have left quite detailed records of the atrocities they committed in their day-to-day encounters with India’s Hindus. Because of India’s so called secular system it is extremely difficult to tell the absolute TRUTH and NOTHING ELSE BUT THE TRUTH just to be politically correct.
There are contemporary records that boasted about and glorified the crimes that were committed - and the genocide of tens of millions of Hindus, mass rapes of Hindu women and the destruction of many thousands of ancient Hindu / Buddhist temples. Libraries have well documented and provide solid proof of the World's biggest holocaust of mankind. It is estimated to be over 100 million Hindus and Buddhists and later Christians have been killed over a period of 12 centuries hence the WORLD BIGGEST HOLOCAUST
What many Hindus are jealous of, that the massacre of over 6 million Jews by Hitler and the persecution Jews have suffered all over the world in the last 15 centuries has been meticulously recorded by Jews themselves after 1945 and has been enshrined not only in history books, but also in Holocaust museums, the most famous one being in Washington DC. It has not been done with a spirit of revenge - look at Israel and Germany today - they are in the best of terms; yet, facts are facts and contemporary Germany had to come to terms with its terrible actions during Second World War. However, Hindus are denied this right to tell the truth under the present political atmosphere in INDIA.
As a Hindu I feel it is necessary to let the Jewish Community knows that The Hindu Swastika is always (i)."Clockwise"(ii).Four dots in between,(iii).the ends of all four limbs are flame shaped going upwards and (iv).the colour used to paint Swastika is always red the colour of Sindur. The adoption by Nazi of this religious divine symbol of Hinduism and by wrongfully drawing it upside down is misunderstood.
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Before the advent of Islam on Indian soil, India had as many as 20 large universities some of them which were international in nature and known. Some of the prominent ones were Takshashila, Nalanda, SharadaPeeth ( Kashmir), Varanasi, Kanchipuram, Valabhi, Vikramshila, Jagaddala, Lalitgiri, Phuphagiri, Udayagiri, Odantapuri, Ratnagiri (Odisha) etc., where student from across the world studied Mathematics, Algebra, Astronomy Physics, Alchemy, Medicine, Anatomy, Surgery, Literature and a whole lot of other subjects. As Muslim invaders progressed east across India, these Universities were extinguished one by one starting with Takshashila, the largest and the oldest university in the world, to the brutal destruction and burning of Nalanda by Bhaktiyar Khilji in 1193 AD. In turn, none of these benign invaders from Bin Qasim to Kutub-udin-Aibak to Babur. Akbar to Aurangzeb to Nadir Shah instituted a new University or centre of learning. None of these barbarian invaders and ' Mughal conquerors' promoted science, education and learning and institutionalized learning. They looted India and take all they could and say that Islam is the source of all Knowledge and science which many western Christian leaders procrastinate that Islam is the father of civilisation.
Wahabism is against secular arts like, dance, drama, music, painting and literature: They are most interested in raping, murdering converting and spreading Sharia illiterate ideology, especially the Sunni Muslims. They do not wish to educate women folks. Hindu culture and educational system were stolen and taken to the Middle East. Many Western Leaders and Christian missionaries procrastinate that Islam is the father of civilisation and often claim that Islam invented Zero, Mathematics, Arts, architecture, Astronomy etc. How untrue. Islam changed the names of many areas of India as they conqueror them eg Prayag a Holy Hindu City existed over 5000 BC became Illahabad etc.
In the field of secular arts like, dance, drama, music, painting and literature:
In the near-1200 year presence of Islam in India starting with 626 AD when periodic invasions began to the occupation by the British in 1857, I am hard pressed to find any contribution of Islam towards the advancement of fine arts. Islam did not introduce anything unique that already did not exist in India or take any art form forward. Dance and music was banned except in Royal Palaces or in brothels. Drama, dance and music were not encouraged and continued under the patronage of Hindu Kings, village and town folks. Mughal paintings were poor one-dimensional renderings which had not evolved since the 10th century whilst Europe was mastering and perfecting painting in the same time period; the art of ‘Shilpkaari’ or sculpting was banned so was temple building. No major literary works were written except panegyrics of emperors and Nawabs and court chronicles. However, for India, with its own rich ancient tradition of Sanskrit literature and language, the absence of Urdu wouldn’t have really mattered.
Quotes from Historians
Sri K. S Lall a foremost Hindu Indian historian states that according to his calculation and estimation that the Hindu population decrease by nearly 80 MILLION between the years 1000 AD to 1525 AD. This does not take into account the year when the Mughal invasion started in 625 AD to 1000 AD and continues 1525 AD until the 1914 AD, ended midway during British rule. Many renowned Indian historians feel that the true figure of the genocide perpetuated on Hindus by masquerading ISLAM is horrendous. These atrocities perpetuated for over 12 centuries first by Islam then by Colonial Christianity.
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Dr. Koenraad Elst in his article and in his book "Negation in India":
“Was there an Islamic Genocide of Hindus”? States:
“There is no official estimate of the total death toll of Hindus at the hands of Islam. A first glance at important testimonies by Muslim chroniclers suggests that, over 13 centuries and a territory as vast as the Indian Subcontinent, Muslim Holy Warriors easily killed more Hindus than the 6 million of the Holocaust.
The biggest slaughters took place during the raids of Mahmud of Ghaznavi (ca. 1000 CE); during the actual conquest of north India by Mohammed Ghori and his lieutenants (1192 ff.); and under the Delhi Sultanate (1206-1526)."
Francios Gautier in his book “rewriting India History”
"The massacres perpetuated by Muslims in India are unparalleled in history, bigger than the Holocaust of the Jews by the Nazis; or the massacre of the Armenians by the Turks; more extensive even than the slaughter of the South American native populations by the invading Spanish and Portuguese." Will Durant argued in his 1935 book "The Story of Civilisation: Our Oriental Heritage" (page 459): "The Mohammedan conquest of India is probably the bloodiest story in history. The Islamic historians and scholars have recorded with great glee and pride the slaughters of millions of Hindus, forced conversions, abduction and rape of Hindu women and children to slave markets and concubines and the destruction of thousands of temples carried out by the warriors of Islam during 800 AD to 1700 AD. Millions of Hindus were forcibly converted to Islam by sword during this period."
Fernand Braudel wrote in A History of Civilisations (1995), that Islamic rule in India as a "colonial experiment" was "extremely violent", and "the Muslims could not rule the country except by systematic terror. Cruelty was the norm – burnings, summary executions, crucifixions or impalements, inventive tortures. Hindu temples were destroyed to make way for mosques. On occasion there were forced conversions. If ever there were an uprising, it was instantly and savagely repressed: houses were burned, the countryside was laid waste, men were slaughtered and women were taken as slaves." "Abdali's soldiers would be paid 5 Rupees (a sizeable amount at the time) for every enemy head brought in. Every horseman had loaded up all his horses with the plundered property, and atop of it rode the girl-captives and the slaves. The severed heads were tied up in rugs
like bundles of grain and placed on the heads of the captives...Then the heads were stuck upon lances and taken to the gate of the chief minister for payment.
Timur was a Turkish; A conqueror and founder of the Timurid Dynasty. Timur's Indian campaign (1398 – 1399 AD) "they said that on the great day of battle these 100,000 prisoners could not be left with the baggage, and that it would be entirely opposed to the
rules of war to set these idolaters and foes of Islam at liberty. "In fact, no other course remained but that of making them all food for the sword’
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Alain Danielou in his book, Histoire de l' Inde writes:
"From the time Muslims started arriving, around 632 AD, the history of India becomes a long, monotonous series of murders, massacres, spoliations, and destructions. It is, as usual, in the name of 'a holy war' of their Muslim faith, of their sole God Allah, that the barbarians have looted and destroyed the oldest civilizations of mankind, try to wiped out an entire races from the face of the earth"
Irfan Husain a Muslim in his article “Demons from the Past” observes: “While historical events should be judged in the context of their times, it cannot be denied that even in that bloody period of history, no mercy was shown to the Hindus unfortunate enough to be in the path of either the Arab conquerors of Sindh and south Punjab, or the Central Asians who swept in from Afghanistan…The Muslim heroes who figure larger than life in our history books committed some dreadful crimes. Mahmud of Ghazni, Qutb-ud-Din Aibak, Balban, Mohammed bin Qasim, and Sultan Mohammad Tughlak, Tipu Sultan, Akbar, Aurangzeb etc all have blood-stained hands that the passage of years has not cleansed. Seen through Hindu eyes, the Muslim invasion of their homeland was an unmitigated disaster.
" Hindus temples were razed, their idols smashed, their women raped, their men killed or taken slaves. When Mahmud of Ghazni entered Somnath on one of his annual raids, he slaughtered all 50,000 inhabitants. Aibak killed and enslaved hundreds of thousands. The list of horrors is long and painful. These conquerors justified their deeds by claiming it was their religious duty to smite non-believers. Cloaking themselves in the banner of Islam, they claimed they were fighting for their faith when, in reality, they were indulging in straightforward slaughter and pillage.
One of the Sura of the Muslim Hadith says go and destroy Ale-Ind meaning India. It is this Sura Allah having empowered you.
Humanity, realization, understanding and compassion does not exist, does not exist Allah commands.
Rizwan Salim a muslim in his article “What the invaders really did”
On the anniversary of the demolition of Babri Masjid. It is important for Hindus and Muslims to understand the importance and TRUTH of the event in the context of Hindustan’s glorious past and recent. Muslims savages were at a very low level of civilisation understanding and culture, began entering India from Arabia and West Asia. They demolish Hindu temples and built mosques, shattered uncountable architecture and statues and idols, plunder innumerable wealth, palaces and fort of Hindu Kings and built Muslim Forts and Killed millions of Hindus in name of Allah. The demolition of the Babri Masjid on December 6th 1992 by Hindus was just one episode in the millennial struggle of Hindus to repossess their religion-centered glorious past, culture, tradition and nation
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Meanwhile, hundreds /thousands of ancient Hindu temples all over Hindustan forsaken and destroyed by invading Muslims, wait reawakening, must come to terms with the past of
Hindu pride and Nation to be rebuilt repair and restored to their original ancient glory reclaiming the past and their heritage.
“Reasonable Muslims must speak out and Islam must introspect that as they want to reclaim recent pass in the Middle East so thus Hindus have the fundamental right to reclaim their glorious past.”
Dr. Anwar Shaikh a Pakistan Muslim-born author who lived in Cardiff for many years. He is best known for his many books on Islam. He wrote in: Islam: The Arab Imperialism
“India is yet another major victim of Islam."
The day Muhammad bin Qasim, entered Sindh as a conqueror, must rank as the most ominous, odious and outrageous moment in the history of India, whose proud, pious and powerful traditions have been the torch-bearer of world civilisation. The Indians, used to enjoying the warmth of ahimsa, were stunned by the violence that the Arab raiders displayed in robbing the rich and seducing the indigenous damsels. Yet, the irony was that they did all this in the name of the Most Compassionate and Just Allah, who counts these felonies as acts of fairness when they are committed to torture the unbelievers.”
"India was a prosperous, peaceful and proud country, which has not only been reduced to extreme poverty and ignorance by the Muslim predators and the Islamic rule, but has also been fragmented into geographical and political units."
"Most Muslims think of Bharat not as their Motherland but Dar-ul-Harb = battlefield, where people murder, plunder and deceive out of hatred and greed. It is totally false to say that Islam is the ambassador of international brotherhood and Peace. This is far from the truth”
Andre Wink Professor of History at University of Madison, Wisconsin,
Describes that this aspiration to conquer India had existed since the time of the Prophet, as is evidenced by the sacred texts:
“… in the hadith collections the prophet Muhammad himself is credited with the aspiration of conquering India. Participants in the holy war against al-Hind [the Hindus] are promised to be saved from hell-fire… Thus also an eschatological work which is called the Kitab al-Fitan ('Book of Trials') credits Muhammad with saying that God will forgive the sins of the members of the Muslim army which will attack al-Hind, and give them victory and save the unbelievers.”
Dr Charles Sabillon author of several books has observed in his article Christianity and Islam: Which is the Worst?
"The origins of both religions are based on the claims of two men, Jesus and Mohammed, and both men proved equally incapable of demonstrating their divine mandate. From that perspective, the two creeds are equally based on false propositions and can be classified as nothing more than lies.
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Mohammed ordered his followers to do it by the sword, and that is what they did once he died. They launched into one of the most enthusiastic conquering ventures the world has
ever seen and forged an empire that extended from Central Asia to the southwest of Europe.
For most of the sixty-three years of his life, Mohammed was a merchant, then a religious leader, and finally a general. He was an active military leader for ten years.
While Jesus told his disciples to spread his teachings by persuasion, that extended from Central Asia to the southwest of Europe. Nations were ruthlessly converted to Christianity by the sword just like Islam converted Arabia, Central Asia, and Africa by the sword.
Will Durant (1885-1981) the well-known American historian would like the West to learn from India, tolerance and gentleness and love for all living things.
He says in the book "...the Islamic conquest of India is probably the bloodiest story in history. It is a discouraging tale, for its evident moral is that civilization is a precious good, whose delicate complex order and freedom can at any moment be overthrown by barbarians invading from without and multiplying from within." Almost all the Muslims of South Asia are descendants of weaker elements of the population who had succumbed to forcible Islamic conversion." ) "No blood has been shed for religion in India except by its invaders. Intolerance came with Islam and Christianity; the Moslems proposed to buy Paradise with the blood of “infidels” and the Portuguese, when they captured Goa, introduced the Inquisition into India.”
"The Mohammedan conquest of India is probably the bloodiest story in history". The Islamic historians and scholars have recorded with great glee and pride of the slaughters of Hindus, forced conversions, abduction of Hindu women and children to slave markets and the destruction of temples carried out by the warriors of Islam during 800 AD to 1700 AD. Millions of Hindus were converted to Islam by sword during this period. "
"The growth of Buddhism and monasticism in the first year of our common era sapped the manhood of India, and conspired with political division to leave India open to easy conquest. When the Arabs came, pledged to spread a simple and stoic monotheism, they looked with scorn upon the lazy, venal, miracle-mongering Buddhist monks, they smashed the monasteries, killed thousands of monks, and made monasticism unpopular with the cautious. The survivors were re-absorbed into the Hinduism that had begotten them; and eased the return of the prodigal by proclaiming Buddha a god."
V Kamath the Indian columnists has written eloquently:
"For no other country in the world from East to West, faces the agony that the Hindus in India have to face. They are the injured party; but they are crucified by the secularists—most of them themselves Hindus—at every stage. No country in the world has been so ravaged and raped by outside forces as India has been down the centuries: Not Japan, not China, not Russia, none of the European countries, neither the Arab nations, and certainly not the United States of America. Krishnadevaraya of the Vijayanagar Empire did not send
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his forces to Portugal to tear down churches, use force to convert Christians to Hinduism and indulge in religious terrorism.
Prithviraj Chauhan did not invade Afghanistan nor Central Asia and raise temples. '
"No Chola, Chera or Pandya ruler sent a fleet to Saudi Arabia to tear down the Ka’aba and build a temple to Meenakshi on its ruins or even next to it to demonstrate Hindu might. India and Hinduism have been ravaged beyond belief. Hindu missionaries did not accompany a conquering horde to Britain and under their benign rule set to convert Scottish peasants to Hinduism—or even Buddhism
The Afghan ruler Mahmud al-Ghazni invaded India no less than seventeen times between 1001 - 1026 AD. The book ‘Tarikh-i-Yamini’ - written by his secretary documents several episodes of his bloody military campaigns : "The blood of the infidels flowed so copiously [at the Indian city of Thanesar] that the stream was discoloured, notwithstanding its purity, and people were unable to drink it…the infidels deserted the fort and tried to cross the foaming river...but many of them were slain, taken or drowned... Nearly fifty thousand men were killed."
Conclusion
It is tragic that thousands of educated and intelligent people seek to negate the Hindu Holocaust–mostly unwittingly. That is partly the result of reading fabricated history right from childhood, and partly for being politically correct. A nation cannot be built on a foundation of half truths, falsehood and outright lies about its own history. It leads to mistrust among its own people, as is very evident today. There’s nothing more shameful in admitting Islam’s destructive role in medieval India. On the contrary, it should, like the Holocaust museum, serve as a reminder of what should not be repeated. Ever.
Finally, does it really matter what you call it? Holocaust, annihilation, liquidation, extermination, jihad, ethnic cleansing, mass murder, final solution, genocide, crime against humanity…all, facets of the same ideology of imperialism. There’s very little difference between Hitler and Aurangzeb.
What the world should not forget and should know that the genocide against Hindus, Buddhists, Christians and other NON SUNNI Muslims in Pakistan and Bangladesh is happening as we are remembering. At the time of division of India in 1947 the population of Hindus in Pakistan was about 25 million just above quarter of the population of Pakistan then, today there are only 1.5 million Hindus. In Bangladesh there were nearly 20 million Hindus and Buddhist today there are about 8 million. Continuous genocide is happening now and the world is sleeping.
Hinduism organised system and tenacity proved to the world its freedom of thought and expression. This will be Hinduism lot now to work for Global Revival of SPIRITUAL FREEDOM from Dogma, Hatred, prostilization and a UNIVERSAL CIVIL CODE.
Acknowledgement:
I am deeply indebted to Narain Kataria, Koonrad Else. Ram Ohri, Ashok Joshi for supplying me with the necessary information, their encouragement and for reviewing this presentation. Without their invaluable help I would have been at loss.
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Bibliography, Articles and Links:
Negationism in India, by Dr Koenrad Elst. (Voice of India, New Delhi.) “Was There an Islamic Genocide of Hindus?” (article) by Dr. Koenraad Elst (http://koenraadelst.bharatvani.org/articles/irin/genocide.html)
Rewriting Indian History by Francois Gautier (Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi 1996) ‘‘Aurangzeb, as he was according to Mughal Records’’(An exhibition) by Francois Gautier’s Trust :
‘FACT – India’ URL(http://www.aurangzeb.info/) The Story of Civilization. Vol. 1: Our Oriental Heritage by Will Durant (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1935.) A History of Civilisations by Fernand Braudel (Penguin Books, New York 1995) Histoire de l'Inde, by Jean Danielou. (Editions Fayard, Paris.) Growth of Muslim population in India (A.D. 1000-1800) by K.S. Lal. (Voice of India, New Delhi.) “Demons from the Past” (article in the ‘Daily Times’, Pakistan August 30, 2004) by Irfan Husain (http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_30-8-2004_pg3_4)
The 'Hindu Wisdom' website : http://thedevil.com/The_Hindu_Holocaust_by_Muslims/Islamic_Onslaught.htm
stephen-knapp.com website : http://www.stephen-knapp.com/islamic_destruction_of_hindu_temples.htm
The Hindu Holocaust
Help us bear the burden of secularism and- The Crescent and the Cross
By M. V. Kamnat
A sample of contemporary eyewitness accounts of the invaders and rulers, during the Indian conquests
and
OTHER HISTORICAL EVIDENCE AND READINGS
WHAT MUSLIM RULERS WROTE ABOUT
1. Name Of The Book: Hindustan Islami Ahad Mein (India under Islamic Rule)
Name Of The Historian: Maulana Abdul Hai.
About The Author: He is a highly respected scholar and taken as an authority on Islamic history. Because of his scholarship and his services to Islam, Maulana Abdul Hai was appointed as the Rector of the Darul Nadwa Ullum Nadwatal-Ulama. He continued in that post till his death in February 1923.
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The following section is taken from the chapter Hindustan ki Masjidein (The mosques of India) of the above mentioned book. Here we can see a brief description of few important mosques in India and how each one of them was built upon plundered Hindu temples.
a. Qawwat al-Islam Mosque at Delhi: "According to my findings the first mosque of Delhi is Qubbat al-Islam
or Quwwat al-Islam which, Qutubud-Din Aibak constructed in H. 587 after demolishing the Hindu temple built by Prithvi Raj and leaving certain parts of the temple outside the mosque proper; and when he returned from Ghazni in H. 592 he started building, under orders from Shihabud-Din Ghori, a huge mosque of inimitable red stones, and certain parts of the temple were included in the mosque..."
b. The Mosque at Jaunpur: "This was built by Sultan Ibrahim Sharqi with chiseled stones. Originally it was a Hindu temple after demolishing which he constructed the mosque. It is known as the Atala Masjid."
c. The Mosque at Qanauj: "It is well known that this mosque was built on the foundations of some Hindu temple that stood here. The mosque was built by Ibrahim Sharqi in H. 809 as is recorded in Gharbat Nigar."
d. Jami Masjid at Etwah: "This mosque stands on the bank of the Jamuna at Etawah. There was a Hindu temple at this place, on the site of which this mosque was constructed. ."
e. Babri Masjid at Ayodhya: "This mosque was constructed by Babar at Ayodhya which Hindus call the birth place of Ramchandraji... Sita had a temple here in which she lived and cooked for her husband. On that very site Babar constructed this mosque in H.963 "
f. Mosque at Benaras: "Mosque of Benares was built by Alamgir Aurangzeb on the site of Bisheshwar Temple. That temple was very tall and held as holy among Hindus. On this very site and with those very stones he constructed a lofty mosque, and its ancient stones were rearranged after being embedded in the walls of the mosque. It is one of the renowned mosques of Hindustan."
g. Mosque at Mathura: "Alamgir Aurangzeb built a mosque at Mathura. This mosque was built on site of the Govind Dev Temple which was very strong and beautiful as well as exquisite."
2. Name Of The Book: Futuhu'l-Buldan
Name Of The Historian: Ahmed bin Yahya bin Jabir
About The Author: This author is also known as al-Biladhuri. He lived at the court of Khalifa Al-Mutawakkal (AD 847-861) and died in AD 893. His history is one of the major Arab chronicles.
The Muslim Rulers He Wrote About:
a. Ibn Samurah (AD 653)
Siestan (Iran)
"On reaching Dawar, he surrounded the enemy in the mountain of Zur, where there was a famous Hindu
temple." "...Their idol of Zur was of gold, and its eyes were two rubies. The zealous Musalmans cut off its hands and plucked out its eyes, and then remarked to the Marzaban how powerless was his idol..."
b. Qutaibah bin Muslim al-Bahili (AD 705-715)
Samarkand (Farghana)
"Other authorities say that Kutaibah granted peace for 700,000 dirhams and entertainment for the Moslems for three days. The terms of surrender included also the houses of the idols and the fire temples. The idols were thrown out, plundered of their ornaments and burned..."
c. Mohammed bin Qasim (AD 712-715)
Debal (Sindh)
"...The town was thus taken by assault, and the carnage endured for three days. The governor of the town, appointed by Dahir, fled and the priests of the temple were massacred. Muhammad marked a place for the Musalmans to dwell in, built a mosque, and left 4,000 Musalmans to garrison the place..."
"...Ambissa son of Ishak Az Zabbi, the governor of Sindh, in the Khilafat of Mu'tasim billah knocked down the upper part of the minaret of the temple and converted it into a prison..."
Multan (Punjab)
"...He then crossed the Biyas, and went towards Multan...Muhammad destroyed the water-course; upon which the inhabitants, oppressed with thirst, surrendered at discretion. He massacred the men capable of bearing arms, but the children were taken captive, as well as ministers of the temple, to the number of 6,000. The Musalmans found there much gold in a chamber ten cubits long by eight broad..."
d. Hasham bin 'Amru al-Taghlabi
Khandahar (Maharashtra)
"He then went to Khandahar in boats and conquered it. He destroyed the Budd (idol) there, and built in its place a mosque."
3. Name Of The Book: Tarikh-i-Tabari
Name Of The Historian: Abu Ja'far Muhammad bin Jarir at-Tabari
About The Author: This author is considered to be the foremost historian of Islam. The above mentioned
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book written by him is regarded as the mother of histories.
The Muslim Rulers He Wrote About:
a. Qutaibah bin Muslim al-Bahili (AD 705-715)
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