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Tyne an Wear

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{{Infobox Ingland coonty

| name = Tyne an Wear

| image =

| motto =

| map = [[File:Tyne and Wear UK locator map 2010.svg|200px|Tyne and Wear within England]] ''Shown athin [[Ingland]]''

| status = [[Metropolitan coonties o Ingland|Metropolitan coonty]] an[[Ceremonial coonties o Ingland|ceremonial coonty]]

| origin = 1974([[Local Govrenment Act 1972]])

| region = [[North East Ingland]]

| arearank = [[Leet o ceremonial counties o Ingland bi aurie|Rankit 44t]]

| area_km2 = 538

| ons = 2D

| nutscode = 2

| nuts3 = UKC22/23

| poprank = [[Leet o ceremonial coonties o Ingland bi population|Rankit {{English cerem counties|RNK=Tyne an Wear}}]]

| popestdate = {{English statistics year}}

| pop = {{English cerem counties|POP=Tyne an Wear}}

| density_km2 = {{English cerem counties|DEN=Tyne an Wear}}

| ethnicity = 96.8% White 1.8% S. Asie

| council = ''Nae coonty cooncil''

| mps = 

*[[David Anderson (UK politeecian)|David Anderson]] Lab

*[[Nick Brown]] Lab

*[[Mary Glindon]] Lab

*[[Alan Campbell (politeecian)|Alan Campbell]] Lab

*[[Ian Mearns]] Lab

*[[Chi Onwurah]]Lab

*[[Julie Elliott]] Lab

*[[Catherine McKinnell]] Lab

*[[Stephen Hepburn]] Lab

*[[Sharon Hodgson]] Lab

*[[Bridget Phillipson]] Lab

*[[David Miliband]] Lab



| subdivname = Metropolitan Burghs

| subdivmap = [[File:TyneWearNumberedAlpha copy.png]]

| subdivs =

#[[Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead|Gateshead]]

#[[Newcastle upon Tyne]]

#[[North Tyneside]]

#[[South Tyneside]]

#[[City of Sunderland|Sunderland]]

}}

'''Tyne an Wear''' {{IPAc-en|ˌ|t|aɪ|n|_|ə|n|_|ˈ|w|ɪər}} is a [[metropolitan coonty]] in [[North East Ingland]] aroond the mooths o the Rivers [[River Tyne|Tyne]] an [[River Wear|Wear]]. It came intae existence as a metropolitan coonty in 1974 efter the passage o the [[Local Govrenment Act 1972]]. It consists o the five [[metropolitan burgh]]s o [[South Tyneside]], [[North Tyneside]], City of [[Newcastle upon Tyne]], [[Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead|Gateshead]] an the [[City of Sunderland]].

Prior tae reforms in 1974, the territory comprisin the coonty o Tyne an Wear straddled the border atween the coonties o [[Northumberland]] an [[Coonty Durham]]. North Tyneside an Newcastle upon Tyne haed previously existit athin o [[Northumberland]], whareas South Tyneside, Gateshead an Sunderland wur aw previously athin the borders o Coonty Durham, wi the [[River Tyne]] formin the border o the twa coonties.

Tyne and Wear County Council wis abolished in 1986, an so its destricts (the metropolitan burghs) are nou [[unitary authority|unitary authorities]]. Housomeivver, the metropolitan coonty continues tae exist in law an as a geographic frame o reference.<ref>[http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/ons_geography/Gazetteer_v3.pdf Office of National Statistics] - Gazetteer of the old and new geographies of the United Kingdom, p48. URL accessed March 12, 2007.</ref><ref>[http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/metropolitan.asp Metropolitan Counties and Districts], Beginners' Guide to UK Geography, ''[[Office for National Statistics]]'', September 17, 2004. URL accessed March 12, 2007.</ref><ref>[http://www.boundarycommittee.org.uk/your-area/north-east.cfm North East England Counties], The Boundary Commission for England. URL accessed March 12, 2007.</ref>

==History==

[[Newcastle upon Tyne]], [[Gateshead]] an [[Sunderland, Tyne an Wear|Sunderland]] were all constitutit as [[coonty burgh]]s unner the [[Local Govrenment Act 1888]] (Newcastle haed haed 'coonty burgh' status as the County and Town of Newcastle upon Tyne syne 1400). These wur joined bi [[Tynemouth]] in 1904. Atween the coonty burghs various settlements wur pairt o the admeenistrative coonties o [[Coonty Durham|Durham]] an [[Northumberland]].

The need tae reform local govrenment on Tyneside wis recognisit as early as 1935, when a '''Royal Commission to Investigate the Conditions of Local Government on Tyneside''' wis appointit.<ref>London Gazette, 10 May 1935</ref> The three commissioners wur tae ''"examine the seestem o local govrenment in the auries o local govrenment north an sooth o the river Tyne frae the sea tae the boondary o the Rural District of Castle Ward and Hexham in the County of Northumberland an tae the Wastren boondary o the County of Durham, tae consider wha chynges, if ony, shoud be made in the existin arrangements wi a view tae securin greater economy an efficiency, an tae mak recommendations."''

The report o the Ryal Commission wis published in 1937.<ref>Local Government in the Tyneside Area (Cmd.5402)</ref> It recommendit the establishment o a Regional Cooncil for Northumberland an Tyneside (tae be cried the "Northumberland Regional Council") tae admeenister services that needit tae be exercisit ower a wide aurie, wi a seicont tier o smawer units for ither local govrenment purposes. The seicont-tier units wad be formit bi amalgamatin the various existin burghs an destricts. The coonty burghs in the aurie wad lose their status. Athin this aurie, a single municipality wad be formit coverin the fower coonty burghs o Newcastle, Gateshead, Tynemouth, South Shields an ither urban destricts an burghs.<ref>Government of Tyneside : a Regional Council. The Times. March 19, 1937.</ref>

A minority report proposed amalgamation o Newcastle, Gateshead, Wallsend, Jarrow, Felling, Gosforth, Hebburn an Newburn intae a single "coonty burgh o Newcastle-on-Tyneside". The 1937 report wis no actit upon : local authorities wur unable tae gree on a scheme an the legislation o the time did no allou central govrenment tae compel ane.<ref>Local Government on Tyneside. Sir K. Wood and Report of Commission. The Times. September 22, 1937.</ref>

Tyneside (excludin [[Sunderland, Tyne an Wear|Sunderland]]) wis a [[:en:Local Government Act 1958#Special review areas|Special Review Area]] unner the [[Local Govrenment Act 1958]]. The [[:en:Local Government Commission for England (1958 - 1967)|Local Government Commission for England]] came back wi a recommendation tae create a new coonty o Tyneside based on the review aurie, dividit intae fower separate burghs. This wis no implementit. The [[Redcliffe-Maud Report]] proposed a Tyneside [[unitary authority]], again excludin Sunderland, which wis tae form a separate East Durham unitary authority.

The White Paper that led tae the Local Govrenment Act 1972 proposed as "aurie 2" a metropolitan coonty includin Newcastle an Sunderland, extendin as far sooth doun the coast as Seaham an Easington, an borderin "aurie 4" (which wad become [[Cleveland, Ingland|Cleveland]]). The Bill as presentit in November 1971 pruned back the soothren edge o the aurie, an gave it the name 'Tyneside'. The name 'Tyneside' wis controversial on [[Wearside]], an the name chyngit to 'Tyne an Wear' bi a govrenment amendment upon the request o Sunderland County Borough Council.<ref>Hansard, 6 July 1972, column 909</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%;border:0px;text-align:left;line-height:150%;"

! colspan="2" | [[Local Government Act 1972|post-1974]]

! colspan="4" | [[Local Government Act 1888|pre-1974]]

|-

! Metropolitan coonty

! Metropolitan burgh

! [[Coonty burgh]]s

! [[Municipal burgh|Nan-coonty burgh]]s

! [[Urban destrict (Great Breetain an Ireland)|Urban destricts]]

! [[Rural destrict]]s

|-

|rowspan=5| [[File:Tyne and Wear County.png|400px]] <center>Tyne an Wear is an amalgamation o 24 umwhile local govrenment destricts, includin five coonty burghs.</center>

| [[Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead|Gateshead]]

| [[County Borough of Gateshead|Gateshead]]

| -

| [[Blaydon]] • [[Felling,_Tyne_and_Wear|Felling]] • [[Ryton, Tyne and Wear|Ryton]] • [[Whickham]] •

| [[Chester-le-Street]]

|-

| [[Newcastle upon Tyne]]

| Newcastle upon Tyne

| -

| [[Gosforth]] • [[Newburn]] •

| [[Castle Ward Rural Destrict|Castle Ward]] •

|-

| [[North Tyneside]]

| [[County Borough of Tynemouth|Tynemouth]]

| [[Wallsend]] • [[Whitley Bay]] •

| [[Longbenton]] • [[Seaton Valley]] •

| -

|-

| [[South Tyneside]]

| [[South Shields]]

| [[Jarrow]]

| [[Boldon]] • [[Hebburn]] •

| -

|-

| [[City of Sunderland|Sunderland]]

| [[City of Sunderland|Sunderland]]

| -

| [[Washington, Tyne an Wear|Washington]]• [[Houghton-le-Spring]]• [[Hetton-le-Hole]]•

| [[Easington]] •

|-

|}

==Local govrenment==

Although the metropolitan coonty cooncil wis abolished in 1986, several [[Local Govrenment in the Unitit Kinrick#Joint-buirds|''joint bodies'']] exist tae run certain services on a coonty-wide basis. Maist notable is the [[Tyne and Wear Passenger Transport Authority]], which co-ordinates transport policy. Through its [[passenger transport executive]], kent as '''Nexus''', it awns an operates the [[Tyne and Wear Metro]] [[light rail]] seestem, an the Shields [[ferry]] service an the Tyne [[Tunnel]], linkin commonties on either side o the River Tyne. An aw through Nexus, the authority subsidises socially-necessary transport services (includin taxis) an operates a concessionary fares scheme for the elderly an disabled.

The Passenger Transport Authority is a "preceptin authority", raisin funds bi imposin a levy on the [[Cooncil Tax]] o the five constituent authorities o Tyne an Wear.

Ither joint bodies include the [[Tyne and Wear Fire and Rescue Service]] an [[Tyne & Wear Archives & Museums]], which wis creatit frae the merger o the [[Tyne & Wear Archives & Museums|Tyne and Wear Archives Service]] an [[Tyne & Wear Archives & Museums|Tyne and Wear Museums]]. These joint bodies are admeenistered bi representatives o aw five o the constituent cooncils. In addition the [[Northumbria Police]] force, which covers the whole o [[Northumberland]] an Tyne an Wear, is ane o several joint forces in Ingland spannin twa or mair coonties. The force wis creatit in 1974, an so is no a bi-product o the abolition o the coonty cooncil.

== Politics ==

{{see an aa|Leet o Parliamentary constituencies in Tyne an Wear}}

Tyne an Wear is dividit intae 12 [[Parliamentary]] [[constituencies]]. In Julie 2005, aw these constituencies wur representit bi [[Labour Pairty (UK)|Labour]]. Historically, the aurie haes been a Labour stranghauld: for example, South Shields is the anerlie Parliamentary constituency that haes niver returned a [[Conservative Pairty (UK)|Conservative]] Member o Parliament (MP) tae the [[Breetish Hoose o Commons|Hoose o Commons]] syne the [[Reform Act 1832|Reform Act o 1832]].

Reviews bi the [[Boundary Commissions (Unitit Kinrick)|Boundary Commission]] mey lead tae a chynge in the number o parliamentary constituencies in Tyne an Wear, reducin them bi ane. This coud see a constituency returnin a Conservative MP as the reorganisation o constituencies in the [[City of Sunderland]] haes creatit a Sunderland Central constituency, encompassin the Conservative-held wairds north an sooth o the [[River Wear]]. Washington an Sunderland West an Houghton an Sunderland South are the ither new constituencies, although there haes been criticism that [[Sunderland, Tyne an Wear|Sunderland]] does no share the same cultural an historical links that [[Washington, Tyne an Wear|Washington]] an [[Houghton-le-Spring]] dae, which was reflected in the auld Houghton an Washington East constituency. The smaw pairt o the Gateshead East an Washington West constituency that lees athin the [[City of Sunderland]] will be includit in the Sunderland North an Washington constituency.

At the level o [[local govrenment]], three o the region's five [[unitary authority|unitary authorities]] wur controlled bi Labour in 2005, the exceptions being Newcastle City Council an North Tyneside Council. Syne an upset result in the [[UK local election, 2004|local elections o 2004]], the umwhile haes been controlled bi the [[Leeberal Democrats (UK)|Leeberal Democrats]]. Nae ane pairty haes oweraw control o North Tyneside Council: while the Conservatives hauld the greatest number o seats, 28, they lack an oweraw majority, there are 32 ither cooncillors. North Tyneside is the anerlie authority in the aurie wit a directly electit Mayor. Currently a Conservative member.

== Settlements ==

''For a complete leet o aw veelages, touns an ceeties see the [[leet o places in Tyne an Wear]].''

{| class="wikitable"

|-

! Burgh/Ceety

! Locality

! Authority

|-

| '''''Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead'''''

|[[Low Fell]] 

[[Blaydon]] 

[[Sheriff Hill]] 

[[Gateshead]] 

[[Rowlands Gill]] 

[[Ryton, Tyne an Wear|Ryton]] 

[[Whickham]]

| [http://www.gateshead.gov.uk/ Gateshead Metropolitian Borough Council]

|-

| '''''City of Newcastle upon Tyne'''''

|[[Byker]] 

[[Gosforth]] 

[[North Kenton]] 

[[Blakelaw]] 

[[Fenham]] 

[[Elswick, Tyne an Wear|Elswick]] 

[[Newburn]] 

[[Walbottle]] 

[[Westerhope]] 

[[Jesmond]] 

[[West Moor]] 

[[Heaton, Newcastle|Heaton]] 

[[Newcastle upon Tyne]] 

[[Throckley]] 

[[Walker, Newcastle upon Tyne|Walker]] 

| [http://www.newcastle.gov.uk/ Newcastle upon Tyne City Council]

|-

| '''''Metropolitan Borough of North Tyneside'''''

|[[Backworth]] 

Benton

[[Cullercoats]] 

[[Earsdon]] 

Forest Hall

[[Killingworth]] 

[[Longbenton]] 

[[Monkseaton]] 

[[North Shields]] 

[[Preston, Tynemouth|Preston]] 

[[Tynemouth]] 

[[Wallsend]] 

[[Whitley Bay]] 

[[Wideopen]] 

| [http://www.northtyneside.gov.uk/ North Tyneside Metropolitian Borough Council]

|-

| '''''Metropolitan Borough of South Tyneside'''''

|[[Boldon]] 

[[Cleadon]] 

[[Hebburn]] 

[[Jarrow]] 

[[South Shields]] 

[[Whitburn, Tyne and Wear|Whitburn]] 

| [http://www.southtyneside.gov.uk/ South Tyneside Metropolitian Borough Council]

|-

| '''''City of Sunderland'''''

|[[Castletown, Tyne an Wear|Castletown]]

[[Fulwell, Sunderland|Fulwell]] 

[[Hendon]] 

[[Herrington]] 

[[Hetton-le-Hole]] 

[[Houghton-le-Spring]] 

[[Hylton Red House]] 

[[Newbottle, Tyne an Wear|Newbottle]] 

[[Penshaw]] 

[[Rainton]] 

[[Ryhope]] 

[[Seaburn]] 

[[Silksworth]] 

[[Shiney Row]] 

[[South Hylton]] 

[[Southwick, Sunderland|Southwick]] 

[[Springwell veelage|Springwell Village]] 

[[Sunderland, Tyne an Wear|Sunderland]] 

[[Washington, Tyne an Wear|Washington]] 

[[Warden Law]] 

Ashbrooke

Tunstall

| [http://www.sunderland.gov.uk/ Sunderland City Council]

|}

== Places o interest ==

*Gateshead

**[[Angel of the North]]

**[[Beamish Museum]], which crosses the Gateshead/Chester-le-Street boindary

**[[BALTIC Centre for Contemporary Art]]

**[[Gateshead International Stadium]]

**[[Gateshead Millennium Bridge]]

**[[Gibside]]

**[[MetroCentre (shoppin centre)|MetroCentre]]

**[[Saltwell Park]]

**[[Tanfield Railway]], Sunniside (crosses boondary intae Derwentside)

**[[The Sage Gateshead]]

*Newcastle upon Tyne

**[[Discovery Museum]] (previously Museum of Science & Engineering)

**[[Hadrian's Wall]]

**[[Hancock Museum]]

**[[Jesmond Dene]] [[public pairk]]

**[[Newcastle Castle Keep]]

**[[Sports Direct Arena]]

**[[Leazes Park]]

**[[Centre for Life]]

**[[Town Moor, Newcastle upon Tyne|Town Moor]]

**[[Tyneside cinema]]

**[[Newcastle Chinatown]]

**[[Quayside]]

**[[Metro Radio Arena]]

**[[Laing Art Gallery]]

**[[Theatre Royal, Newcastle|Theatre Royal]]

**[[Northumberland Street]]

**[[Grey Street, Newcastle|Grey Street]]

**[[Grey's Monument]]

**[[The Biscuit Factory]]

**[[Tyne Bridge]]

*North Tyneside

**[[Segedunum]] [[castra|Roman Fort]] & Museum, Wallsend

**[[St Mary's Island, Tyne an Wear|St Mary's Island]] [[bird]] reserve

**[[Tynemouth Castle]]

*South Tyneside

**[[Arbeia]] Roman Fort & Museum, South Shields

**[[Marsden Rock]] [[bird]] reserve

**[[Souter Point Lighthouse]]

**[[Bede's World]], Jarrow

*Sunderland

**[[Museum and Winter Gardens|The Museum and Winter Gardens]]

**[[Mowbray Park]]

**[[National Glass Centre|The National Glass]]

**[[Hylton Castle]]

**[[Penshaw Monument]]

**[[St. Peter's Church, Monkwearmouth|St. Peter's Church]]

**[[Stadium of Light]]

**[[Empire Theatre, Sunderland|The Empire Theatre]]

**[http://www.ngca.co.uk/ Northern Gallery for Contemporary Art]

==See an aw==

{{Portal|North East England}}

*[[:en:Lord Lieutenant of Tyne and Wear|Leet o Lord Lieutenants of Tyne and Wear]]

*[[:en:High Sheriff of Tyne and Wear|Leet o High Sheriffs of Tyne and Wear]]

==References==

<references/>

== Freemit airtins ==

{{Commons category|Tyne and Wear}}

*{{dmoz|Regional/Europe/United_Kingdom/England/Tyne_and_Wear}}

{{Tyne an Wear}}

{{T&W places}}

{{NE Ingland}}

{{Ingland coonties}}

{{Metropolitan coonties an metropolitan destricts}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tyne An Wear}}



[[Category:Tyne an Wear| ]]

[[Category:Metropolitan coonties]]

[[Category:NUTS 2 statistical regions o the Unitit Kinrick]]

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[[zh-min-nan:Tyne and Wear]]