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{{Infobox automobile
|image = Logo Range Rover.jpg
|name = Range Rover
|manufacturer = [[Land Rover]]
|production = Syne 1970
|assembly = [[Solihull plant]], [[Solihull]], [[Unitiy Kinrick]] <br> [[Enfield, New Sooth Wales|Enfield]], [[Australie]] <ref name=rovertrax>{{cite web |url=http://www.rovertrax.com/rangerover/dateline.html |title=Range Rover Dateline |work=RoverTrax |accessdate=23 April 2014}}</ref>
|class = [[Sport utility vehicle|SUV]]
|related =
|layout = [[Front-ingine design|Front ingine]], [[fower-wheel drive]]
}}
The '''Range Rover''' is a lairge luxury [[fower-wheel drive]] [[sport utility vehicle]] (SUV) producit bi Breetish caur maker [[Land Rover]], a subsidiar o the [[Indie]] multinaitional conglomerate [[Tata Group]], an serves as its flagship model. The model, launched in 1970, is nou in its fowert generation. Land Rover haes expandit the Range Rover model line tae include twa entirely different designs: the [[Range Rover Evoque]] an the [[Range Rover Sport]] that derive core stylin, brand identity an breadth o capability frae the current Range Rover model.
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== History ==
The [[Rover Company]] (the creator of the Land Rover marque) had been experimenting with a larger model than the [[Land Rover Series]] as far back as 1951, when the [[Rover P4]]-based two-wheel-drive "Road Rover" project was developed by [[Gordon Bashford]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aronline.co.uk/index.htm?lm10storyf.htm |title=The best of the British car industry |publisher=AROnline |date= |accessdate=12 November 2011}}</ref> This was shelved in 1958, and the idea lay dormant until 1966, when engineers [[Charles Spencer King|Spen King]] and Bashford set to work on a new model.<ref name="nytimes.com">{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/04/business/04king.html?_r=1&ref=obituaries|title=Charles S. King, Range Rover Designer, Dies at 85|accessdate=5 July 2010|publisher=The New York Times|work=nytimes.com | first=Christopher | last=Maag | date=3 July 2010}}</ref>
In 1967, the first Range Rover prototype was built, with the classic Range Rover shape clearly discernible, but with a different front grille and headlight configuration. The design of the Range Rover was finalised in 1969. Twenty-six Velar engineering development vehicles were built between 1969 and 1970 and were road registered with the number plates YVB151H through to YVB177H.<ref name="lrchist">
{{cite web |url = http://www.landrovercentre.com/history/history_range_rover.htm |title = The History of the Range Rover Marque |accessdate = 16 March 2006 |last = Shephard |first = Dave}}{{dead link|date=July 2012}}</ref>
The Velar name was derived from the Italian "velare" meaning to veil or to cover.<ref name="rrr">{{cite web |url = http://www.rrr.co.uk/Velar/History.htm |title = Velar History |author = The Range Rover Register |accessdate = 16 March 2006 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20060413090441/http://www.rrr.co.uk/Velar/History.htm |archivedate = 13 April 2006}}</ref> Range Rover development engineer Geof Miller used the name as a decoy for registering pre-production Range Rovers. The Velar company was registered in London and produced 40 pre-production vehicles that were built between 1967 and 1970. Most of these Velar pre-production vehicles are accounted for and have survived into preservation.<ref name="rrr" />
The Range Rover was launched in 1970. In the early 1970s, the [[Musée du Louvre]] in Paris exhibited a Range Rover as an "exemplary work of industrial design".<ref>{{Cite news |title=Charles S. King, Range Rover Designer, Dies at 85 |work=The New York Times |date=3 July 2010 |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/04/business/04king.html |accessdate=18 July 2011}}</ref>
In 1972, the British Trans-Americas Expedition became the first vehicle-based expedition to traverse the Americas from north-to-south, including traversing the roadless [[Darién Gap]]. The specially modified Range Rovers used for this expedition are now on display in the [[Heritage Motor Centre|British Motor Industry Heritage Trust]] collection at [[Gaydon]], Warwickshire.
Between 1974 and 1987, Land Rover vehicles were only sold in the United States through the [[grey import vehicle|grey market]]. The Land Rover company began selling the Range Rover officially in the U.S. on 16 March 1987. <ref>https://www.ifixit.com/Wiki/The_History_of_Land_Rover_-_Small_Beginnings-Big_Results</ref> From that time until 1993, the U.S. marketing was all in the name of Range Rover, because it was the only model offered in the American market. In 1993, with the arrival of the [[Land Rover Defender#Defender|Defender 110]] and the imminent arrival of the [[Land Rover Discovery]], the company's U.S. sales were under the name "Land Rover North America".
In 2005, Land Rover launched another model under the Range Rover brand – the [[Range Rover Sport]], which was based on the [[Land Rover Discovery]] platform, but the new Range Rover Sport has the latest Range Rover platform.
In 2011, the [[Range Rover Evoque]] was launched.
== The Range Rover ==
=== First generation (1970–1996) ===
{{Infobox automobile
|image = Range Rover front 20080331.jpg
|name = Range Rover "Classic"
|production = 1970–1996
|assembly = [[Solihull plant]], [[Solihull]], [[United Kingdom]] <br> [[Enfield, New South Wales|Enfield]], [[Australia]] <ref name=rovertrax/>
|body_style = 3-door [[Sport utility vehicle|SUV]]<br>5-door SUV
|engine= 3.5 L V8 130 hp Carburettor<br> 3.5 L V8 155 hp<br> 3.9 L V8 182 hp<br> 4.2 L V8 200 hp<br> 2.4 L 112 hp VM Turbodiesel<br> 2.5 L 119 hp VM Turbodiesel<br> 2.5 L 111 hp 200TDi Turbodiesel<br> 2.5 L 111 hp 300TDi Turbodiesel
|wheelbase= {{convert|100.0|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} (SWB)<br/>{{convert|108.0|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} (LWB)
|length= {{convert|175|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} (SWB)<br/>{{convert|183|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} (LWB)
|width= {{convert|70.1|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
|height= {{convert|70.9|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} (1970-1980)<br/>{{convert|70.1|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} (1980 onwards)
| related = [[Land Rover Discovery]]
}}
{{Main|Range Rover Classic}}
The first-generation Range Rover was produced between 1970 and 1996. It was available only in a 2-door body until 1981.
Unlike other [[four-wheel drive|4x4s]] such as the [[Jeep Wagoneer]], the original Range Rover was not designed as a luxury-type vehicle. While certainly up-market compared to preceding Land Rover models, the early Range Rovers had fairly basic, utilitarian interiors with [[polyvinyl chloride|vinyl]] seats and plastic dashboards that were designed to be washed down with a hose. Convenience features such as [[power steering]], carpeted floors, air conditioning, cloth/leather seats, and wooden interior trim were fitted later.
The Range Rover was a [[body-on-frame]] design with a box section ladder type [[chassis]], like the contemporary [[Land Rover (Series/Defender)|Series Land Rover]]s. The Range Rover utilised [[coil spring]]s as opposed to [[leaf spring]]s, permanent [[four-wheel drive]], and four-wheel [[disc brake]]s. The Range Rover was originally powered by various [[Rover V8 engine]]s and diesel engines.
Originally, the Range Rover was fitted with a detuned {{convert|130|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} version of the Buick-derived [[Rover V8 engine]]. In 1984, the engine was fitted with [[Lucas Industries|Lucas]] fuel injection, boosting power to {{convert|155|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}}. The 3.5 litre (3,528 cc) engine was bored out to a [[Engine displacement|displacement]] of 3.9 litres (3,947 cc) for the 1990 model year, and 4.2 litre (4,215 cc) in 1992 (1993 [[model year]]) for the 108-inch Long Wheelbase Vogue LSE (County LWB [long wheelbase] in North America). One of the first significant changes came in 1981, with the introduction of a four-door body. Shortly after they introduced twin thermo fan technology to reduce significant overheating problems 1970s models experienced in Australia. In 1988, LR introduced a durable 2.4 litre turbodiesel (badged Vogue Turbo D) arrived with {{convert|112|bhp|kW|0|abbr=on}}, manufactured by Italian [[VM Motori]]. The same engine was also available in the [[Rover SD1]] passenger car. The diesel project was codenamed project Beaver. During the project, 12 world records were broken, including the fastest diesel SUV to reach {{convert|100|mph|abbr=on}}, and the furthest a diesel SUV has travelled in 24 hours. In 1990 project Otter was unveiled. This was a mildly tuned 2.5 litre, {{convert|119|bhp|kW|0|abbr=on}} version of the 'Beaver' 2.4. In 1992, Land Rover finally introduced their own diesel engines in the Range Rover, beginning with the {{convert|111|bhp|kW|0|abbr=on}} 200TDi, first released in the [[Land Rover Discovery]] and following in 1994, the 300 TDi, again with 111 bhp.
The very first Range Rover was a green model with the registration "YVB 151H",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.autoblog.com/2014/08/12/first-range-rover-auction |title=Range Rover #1 headed to auction block|publisher=Autoblog.com}}</ref> and is now on exhibition at Huddersfield Land Rover Centre, Huddersfield, West Yorkshire.
The first generation model was known as the Range Rover until almost the end of its run, when Land Rover introduced the name [[Range Rover Classic]] to distinguish it from its successors.<ref>Official Land Rover documentation collections for both 1970-1985 (LHP1, v1.1) and 1986-1994 (LHP2, v1.1) Range Rovers, for example, refers to the vehicles as "Range Rover Classic", despite never being called that when they were originally built.</ref>
====Australian assembly====
[[Jaguar-Rover-Australia]] began assembly of the Range Rover from [[CKD kits]] at its [[Enfield, New South Wales|Enfield]] plant, in [[New South Wales]], [[Australia]] in 1979. Government increases in the tariff on parts lead to Australian assembly being discontinued in 1983.<ref name=rovertrax/>
====Utility vehicles====
[[File:YAM Range Rover Airport Crash Tender - Elvington - BB.jpg|thumb|left|YAM Range Rover Airport Crash Tender]]
The first-generation Range Rover served as the base for specialist utility vehicles. These included the Carmichaels International six-wheel [[Fire appliances in the United Kingdom|Fire Tender]]. This was a two-door model with an extended chassis and a third "lazy" axle added. Designed for small airfield use, it had a water-pump mounted on the front bumper driven directly by the V8's crankshaft. The [[Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)|MoD]] purchased them for the RAF, this version was called the [[TACR2 (Range Rover)|TACR2]]. Carmichaels was contracted to supply the modified chassis and the fire-fighting body was supplied and mounted by Gloster-Saro. These were four-door versions using an internally mounted water-pump driven by a gearbox [[Power take-off|PTO]]. At least one of these (at [[Duxford]] [[Imperial War Museum|IWM]]) has been converted into a full 6x6 by linking a drive-through unit to the two rear axles' differentials.
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=== Second generation (1994–2002) ===
{{Infobox automobile
|image = 1995-1998 Land Rover Range Rover (P38A) 4.0 SE wagon 05.jpg
|name = Range Rover (P38A)
|production = 1994–2002
|body_style = 5-door [[Sport utility vehicle|SUV]]
|wheelbase= {{convert|108.1|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
|length= {{convert|185.5|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
|width= {{convert|74.4|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
|height= {{convert|71.6|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
|transmission=4-speed [[automatic transmission|automatic]]<br>5-speed [[manual transmission|manual]]
|engine = 4.0 L ''[[Rover V8 engine#3.9/4.0|Rover]]'' [[V8 engine|V8]]<br>4.6 L ''[[Rover V8 engine#4.6|Rover]]'' V8 <br>2.5 L ''[[BMW M51]]'' [[Turbodiesel]] [[Straight-six engine|I6]]
}}
{{Main|Range Rover (P38A)}}
After 25 years from the introduction of the first-generation Range Rover, the second-generation Range Rover—model-designation P38A—was introduced for the 1995 model year, with an updated version of the [[Rover V8 engine]]s. There was also the option of a 2.5 litre [[BMW]] [[Straight-six engine|six-cylinder]] turbo-diesel with a BOSCH injection pump. This was the first Diesel injection with electronic controls in a Land Rover, before common rails were introduced. This was a result of BMW's subsequent ownership of [[Rover Group]] and hence the Land Rover brand. The new model offered more equipment and premium trims, positioning the vehicle above the [[Land Rover Discovery]] to face the increased competition in the SUV marketplace. This model was the last to feature the Rover V8 and interior leather supplied by [[Connolly Leather|Connolly]] who went out of business in 2002. It was the first model to feature Satellite Navigation as an option.
{{-}}
=== Third generation (2002–2012) ===
{{Infobox automobile
|name = Range Rover (L322)
|image = Range Rover HSE.JPG
|production = 2002–2012
|body_style = 5-door [[Sport utility vehicle|SUV]]
|transmission=[[ZF 8HP transmission|8-speed automatic]]<ref name="zf.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.zf.com/corporate/en/press/press_releases/press_release.jsp?newsId=21773288 |title=Range Rover: Birthday Child with new Transmission Technology |accessdate=24 August 2010}}</ref> (since 2010)<br>6-speed automatic (since 2006)<br>5-speed automatic (2002–2005)
|wheelbase= {{convert|113.4|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
|length= {{convert|194.9|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} (2002–2005)<br> {{convert|195.7|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} (since 2006)<br>{{convert|195.9|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
|width= {{convert|75.7|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} (2002–2009)<br>{{convert|76.1|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} (since 2010)
|height= {{convert|73.3|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} (2002–2005)<br> {{convert|74.9|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} (2006–2009)<br>{{convert|73.9|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} (since 2010)
|engine = ''[[Petrol engine]]s:''
<br>4.2 L ''[[Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#Land Rover 4.2|Jaguar AJ-V8]] [[Supercharger|Supercharged]]'' [[V8 engine|V8]] (2006–2009)<br/>
4.4 L ''[[BMW M62]]'' [[V8 engine|V8]] (2002–2006)<br/>
4.4 L ''[[Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#Land Rover 4.4|Jaguar AJ-V8]]'' [[V8 engine|V8]] (2006–2009)<br/>
5.0 L ''[[Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#AJ133|Jaguar AJ-V8]] [[Supercharger|Supercharged]]'' [[V8 engine|V8]] (2009–2012)<br/>
''[[Diesel engine]]s:''
<br>3.0 L ''[[BMW M57]]'' [[Turbodiesel|TD]] [[Straight-six engine|I6]] (2002–2006)<br/>
3.6 L ''[[Ford AJD-V6/PSA DT17#V8|Ford Lion V8]]'' [[Turbodiesel|TD]] [[V8 engine|V8]] (2007–2010)<br/>
4.4 L ''[[Ford 4.4 Turbo Diesel|Ford TD]]'' [[V8 engine|V8]] (2010–2012)
}}
{{Main|Range Rover (L322)}}
In 2002, the third-generation model was introduced which saw the model move further up-market. Planned and developed under [[BMW]] ownership the third generation was to share components and systems (electronics, core power units etc.) with the [[BMW 7 Series|7 Series]] ([[BMW E38|E38]]). It was designed to accommodate BMW's M62 V8 engines for future models. The [[manual transmission]] was dropped entirely, leaving only the [[automatic transmission|automatic]]. The 7 Series electronics system was being phased out during the development of the third-generation Range Rover and being replaced with the electronics from the [[BMW E39]] 5 Series.
[[File:2006 Range Rover TD6 Vogue - Flickr - The Car Spy (12).jpg|thumb|left|Range Rover Interior]]
[[File:Logo Range Rover.jpg|thumb|left|Range Rover Logo]]
{{clear}}
=== Fourth generation (since 2012) ===
{{Infobox automobile |sp=uk
|name = Range Rover (L405)
|image = Geneva MotorShow 2013 - Land Rover Range Rover Autobiography front.jpg
|production = Since 2012<ref>[http://www.autoexpress.co.uk/land-rover/range-rover/61917/range-rover-mk4 "Range Rover Mk4"]. ''Auto Express''. Retrieved 1 January 2013.</ref>
|model_years = 2012-
|body_style = 5-door Full-Size [[Sport utility vehicle|SUV]]
|engine = 3.0 L [[V6 engine|V6]] Diesel<br />
4.4 L [[V8 engine|V8]] Diesel<br />
5.0 L [[V8 engine|V8]] Petrol<ref name=Range_spec>{{cite web |title=Range_Specifications |publisher=Land Rover |url=http://www.landrover.com/gb/en/lr/all-new-range-rover/explore/vogue/}}</ref>
|transmission = 8-Speed [[Automatic transmission|Automatic]]
|wheelbase = {{Convert|2922|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}<ref name=Range_spec/>
|length = {{Convert|4999|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}<ref name=Range_spec/>
|width = {{Convert|2073|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}<ref name=Range_spec/>
|height = {{Convert|1835|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}<ref name=Range_spec/>
}}
{{Main|Range Rover (L405)}}
The fourth generation Range Rover, codenamed L405 was exhibited in September 2012 at the [[2012 Paris Motor Show]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/new-cars/radical-new-range-rover-revealed|title=Radical new Range Rover revealed|newspaper=AutoCar|first= Hilton | last= Holloway | accessdate=24 July 2012}}</ref>
====Hybrid version====
The Range Rover Hybrid is diesel-powered [[hybrid electric vehicle|hybrid electric]] model unveiled at the 2013 [[Frankfurt Motor Show]]. The ordering process began in September 2013, and retail deliveries in Europe are slated to start in early 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.autoblog.com/2013/09/11/land-rover-range-rover-hybrid-frankfurt-2013/#continued|title=Land Rover debuts Range Rover Hybrid, not bound for US|first=Steven J.|last=Ewing|work=[[Autoblog.com]]|date=11 September 2013|accessdate=11 September 2013}}</ref>
==Sales (Excludes Range Rover Sport model)==
{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; clear:center; margin:0em 0em 1em 1em; text-align:center"
|-
! Calendar year !! Worldwide
|-
| 2009 || 22,001<ref name=JlrVolumes>{{cite web |url=http://www.tatamotors.com/investors/jlr-volumes.php |title=JLR Volumes |publisher=Tata Motors |accessdate=1 May 2014}}</ref>
|-
| 2010 || 23,602<ref name=JlrVolumes/>
|-
| 2011 || 29,626<ref name=JlrVolumes/>
|-
| 2012 || 27,496<ref name=JlrVolumes/>
|-
| 2013 || 45,077<ref name=JlrVolumes/>
|}
{{clear}}
==Motorsport==
A Range Rover was used to win the [[1979 Paris–Dakar Rally|1979 inaugural]] and [[1981 Paris–Dakar Rally]], completing a race distance in each case of approx 10,000 km.<ref name=pdf>{{cite web | url= http://www.dakar.com/2009/DAK/presentation/docs/histo_1979_2007_us.pdf | format= PDF | title= History of Dakar - RETROSPECTIVE 1979-2007 | publisher= Dakar | accessdate= 2009-01-07}}</ref>
==Range Rover Sport==
[[File:R1bcs.JPG|thumb|Range Rover Sport]]
{{Main|Range Rover Sport}}
On 26 November 2004, Land Rover released the first photographs of the [[Range Rover Sport]], a new model it planned to show to the public for the first time at the 2005 [[North American International Auto Show]]. The Range Rover Sport is a production car development of the [[Range Stormer]] concept vehicle the company showcased in the 2004 North American International Auto Show. Though called the Range Rover Sport, it was not merely a new specification within the Range Rover line-up, but rather an entirely new vehicle, based on the [[Land Rover Discovery|Discovery/LR3]] chassis. This model was released for sale in late 2005 as a 2006 model.
In 2013 a new completely redesigned version was released for sale as a 2014 model year. Unlike the original, it is completely based on the current flagship Range Rover with almost identical equipment and capabilities in a smaller body style.
{{-}}
==Range Rover Evoque==
[[File:Range Rover Evoque 3-door wagon, prototype (2010-10-16) 02.jpg|thumb|Range Rover Evoque]]
{{Main|Range Rover Evoque}}
The Range Rover Evoque, which went into production in July 2011, has its roots in the Land Rover LRX [[concept car]]; with which it bears an almost identical resemblance. It is available with either a three-door or five-door hatchback body, front-wheel drive or four-wheel drive and with a 2-litre turbocharged petrol engine or one of two different power output 2.2-litre turbo-diesel engines.
In 2012, at the [[Geneva Motor Show]], Land Rover unveiled a [[convertible (car)|convertible]] concept, which featured four seats and a drop-down tailgate.<ref>{{cite news | url= http://www.autoexpress.co.uk/land-rover/range-rover-evoque/20162/range-rover-evoque-convertible | newspaper= Auto Express | title= Range Rover Evoque Convertible | date= 6 March 2012 | first= Sam | last= Hardy | accessdate= 23 July 2012}}</ref>
{{-}}
== Criticism ==
{{Main|Criticism of sport utility vehicles}}
The Range Rover brand has attracted some controversy,<ref>{{cite news|last=Madslien |first=Jorn |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/4550751.stm |title=Business | Range Rover: Beauty or beast? |publisher=BBC News |date=16 May 2005 |accessdate=24 February 2010}}</ref>
particularly from those concerned with the potential negative environmental impact of large, luxury vehicles. In 2005, members of [[Greenpeace]] temporarily disrupted Range Rover production at the Land Rover plant in Solihull.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/4550593.stm |title=Business | 15 arrested in Land Rover protest |publisher=BBC News |date=16 May 2005 |accessdate=24 February 2010}}</ref>
In 2004, [[Spen King]] criticised SUV owners who drove their vehicles in urban areas, saying that vehicles like the Range Rover he created were "never intended as a status symbol but later incarnations of my design seem to be intended for that purpose."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/4x4+DRIVERS+ARE+STUPID+AND+POMPOUS%3B+Mini-driving+Range+Rover+designer...-a0118661112 |title="4x4 Drivers Are Stupid And Pompous; Mini-driving Range Rover designer raps school run cars", Annie Brown, ''Scottish Daily Record & Sunday'', 28 June 2004 |date=28 June 2004 |accessdate=5 September 2011}}</ref>
In 2014 it was reported that Range Rovers could be opened and started using hand-held equipment readily available from eBay. High levels of theft rendered Range Rovers not insurable.<ref>http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/life/motoring/article4248707.ece</ref>
Low resale value after warranty and reliability issues are common complaints.<ref>http://www.thetruthaboutcars.com/2013/02/land-rover-and-jd-power/</ref>
-->
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Freemit airtins==
{{Commons category|Land Rover Range Rover}}
* {{Official website|http://www.landrover.com/gl/en/lr/all-new-range-rover/}}
* {{dmoz|/Recreation/Autos/Makes_and_Models/Land_Rover/Range_Rover|Range Rover}}
[[Category:Land Rover vehicles]]
[[Category:Sport utility vehicles]]
[[Category:Aw-wheel-drive vehicles]]
[[Category:Flagship vehicles]]
[[Category:Luxury sport utility vehicles]]
[[Category:Vehicles introducit in 1970]]
[[Category:1970s automobiles]]
[[Category:1980s automobiles]]
[[Category:1990s automobiles]]
[[Category:2000s automobiles]]
[[Category:2010s automobiles]]