January 26, 2014
World Governments actions and words in Africa...are they enough to have them held accountable as war criminals, and by withholding funds from their own people as well as those that have been robbed, some would label treasonous acts.
Where did all the money go in the scramble for Africa, and where is it all going today?
Who is the Biderberg Group?
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilderberg_Group
The Bilderberg Group...are they keeping the past alive?
The scramble for African territory also reflected a concern for the acquisition of military and naval bases for strategic purposes and the exercise of power on an international scene. The ability to influence international events depended largely upon new weapons – steel ships driven by steam power – and for the maintenance of these growing navies, coaling stations and ports of call were required.
Defense bases were also needed for the protection of sea routes and communication lines, particularly of expensive and vital international waterways such as the Suez Canal.
Colonies were also seen as important aspects of "balance of power" negotiations – useful as items of exchange at times of international bargaining. Colonies carrying a heavy native population were also important as a source of military power; Britain and France used large numbers of British Indian and North African soldiers respectively in many of their colonial wars.
In the great age of nationalism there was strong pressure for a nation to acquire an empire as a status symbol; the idea of "greatness" became inextricably linked with the sense of "duty" that many European nations used to justify their imperialistic ambitions. Germany began its world expansion in the 1880s under Bismarck's leadership, encouraged by the national middle class. Some of them, claiming themselves of Friedrich List's thought, advocated expansion in the Philippines and in Timor; others proposed to set themselves in Formosa (modern Taiwan), etc.
At the end of the 1870s, these isolated voices began to be relayed by a real imperialist policy, which was backed by mercantilist thesis. Pan-germanism was thus linked to the young nation's imperialist drives.
The new German Emperor Wilhelm II on 18 March 1890. Wilhelm II instead adopted a very aggressive policy of colonization and introduced colonial expansion in the 20th century with the Weltpolitik (‘World Politics’) strategy.
Germany thus became the third largest colonial power in Africa. Nearly all of its overall empire of 2.6 million square kilometres and 14 million colonial subjects in 1914 was found in its African possessions of Southwest Africa, Togoland, the Cameroons, and Tanganyika. The scramble for Africa led Bismarck to propose the 1884–85 Berlin Conference.
While Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza was exploring the Kongo Kingdom for France, Henry Morton Stanley also explored it in the early 1880s on behalf of Léopold II of Belgium, who would have his personal Congo Free State. While pretending to advocate humanitarianism and denounce slavery, Leopold II used the most inhumane tactics to exploit his newly acquired lands.
His crimes were revealed by 1905, but he remained in control until 1908, when he was forced to turn over control to the Belgian government.
France occupied Tunisia in May 1881 (and Guinea in 1884), which partly convinced Italy to join the German-Austrian Dual Alliance in 1882, thus forming the Triple Alliance. The same year, Britain occupied Egypt (hitherto an autonomous state owing nominal fealty to the Ottoman Empire), which ruled over Sudan and parts of Chad, Eritrea, and Somalia. In 1870 and 1882, Italy took possession of the first parts of Eritrea, while Germany declared Togoland, the Cameroons and South West Africa to be under its protection in 1884.
French West Africa (AOF) was founded in 1895, and French Equatorial Africa in 1910.
Italy continued its conquest to gain its "place in the sun". Following the defeat of the First Italo–Ethiopian War (1895–1896), it acquired Italian Somaliland in 1889–90 and the whole of Eritrea (1899). In 1911, it engaged in a war with the Ottoman Empire, in which it acquired Tripolitania and Cyrenaica (modern Libya).
The Second Italo-Abyssinian War (1935–36), ordered by Benito Mussolini, would actually be one of the last colonial wars (that is, intended to colonize a foreign country, opposed to wars of national liberation), occupying Ethiopia which had remained the last African independent territory apart from Liberia, for five years.
On the other hand, the British abandoned their "splendid isolation" in 1902 with the Anglo-Japanese Alliance, which would give the Empire of Japan the opportunity to pursue war with Russia without the risk of Russia's allies taking arms against Japan. Japan was consequently victorious during the war against Russia (1904–1905).
David Livingstone's explorations, carried on by Henry Morton Stanley, excited imaginations. But at first, Stanley's grandiose ideas for colonization found little support owing to the problems and scale of action required, except from Léopold II of Belgium, who in 1876 had organized the International African Association.
The rape of Africa begins using it own people against the other.
From 1869 to 1874, Stanley was secretly sent by Léopold II to the Congo region, where he made treaties with several African chiefs along the Congo River and by 1882 had sufficient territory to form the basis of the Congo Free State. Léopold II personally owned the colony from 1885 and used it as a source of ivory and rubber.
From the beginning to present day...if leaders don't comply with those who live without souls then they die.
In 1891 Leopold sent four CFS expeditions. The Le Marinel Expedition could only extract a vaguely worded letter. The Delcommune Expedition was rebuffed. The well-armed Stairs Expedition had orders to take Katanga with or without Msiri's consent; Msiri refused, was shot, and the expedition cut off his head and stuck it on a pole as a "barbaric lesson" to the people.
The Bia Expedition finished off the job of establishing an administration of sorts and a "police presence" in Katanga, which is no different that what Americans and most of the world are experiencing today by the same. The half million square kilometers of Katanga came into Leopold's possession and brought his African realm up to 2,300,000 square kilometers (890,000 sq mi), about 75 times larger than Belgium.
The Congo Free State imposed such a terror regime on the colonized people, including mass killings and forced labor, that Belgium, under pressure from the Congo Reform Association, ended Leopold II's rule and annexed it in 1908 as a colony of Belgium, known as the Belgian Congo.
Genocide for greed has always been a part of the game of war for profit.
King Leopold II of Belgium's brutality in his former colony of the Congo Free State, now the DRC, was well documented; up to 8 million of the estimated 16 million native inhabitants died between 1885 and 1908.
Debt for profit and control:
Ferdinand de Lesseps had obtained many concessions from Isma'il Pasha, the Khedive of Egypt and Sudan, in 1854–56, to build the Suez Canal. Some sources estimate the workforce at 30,000, but others estimate that 120,000 workers died over the ten years of construction due to malnutrition, fatigue and disease, especially cholera.
Shortly before its completion in 1869, Khedive Isma'il borrowed enormous sums from British and French bankers at high rates of interest. By 1875, he was facing financial difficulties and was forced to sell his block of shares in the Suez Canal. The shares were snapped up by Britain, under its Prime Minister, Benjamin Disraeli, who sought to give his country practical control in the management of this strategic waterway.
When Isma'il repudiated Egypt's foreign debt in 1879, Britain and France seized joint financial control over the country, forcing the Egyptian ruler to abdicate, and installing his eldest son Tewfik Pasha in his place. The Egyptian and Sudanese ruling classes did not relish foreign intervention.
A joint British-Egyptian military force ultimately defeated the Mahdist forces in Sudan in 1898. Thereafter, Britain (rather than Egypt) seized effective control of Sudan.
Christianity and humanitarian aid for profit under illusion:
The occupation of Egypt, and the acquisition of the Congo were the first major moves in what came to be a precipitous scramble for African territory. In 1884, Otto von Bismarck convened the 1884–85 Berlin Conference to discuss the Africa problem. The diplomats put on a humanitarian facade by condemning the slave trade, prohibiting the sale of alcoholic beverages and firearms in certain regions, and by expressing concern for missionary activities.
How were the rules of the game played, and continue to be played today to decide who will control the lands that have been robbed from the true owners?
The diplomats in Berlin laid down the rules of competition by which the great powers were to be guided in seeking colonies. They also agreed that the area along the Congo River was to be administered by Léopold II of Belgium as a neutral area, known as the Congo Free State, in which trade and navigation were to be free. No nation was to stake claims in Africa without notifying other powers of its intentions. No territory could be formally claimed prior to being effectively occupied.
However, the competitors ignored the rules when convenient and on several occasions war was only narrowly avoided.
The UK consolidated its power over most of the colonies of South Africa in 1879 after the Anglo-Zulu War.
The Boers protested and in December 1880 they revolted, leading to the First Boer War (1880–81). British Prime Minister William Gladstone signed a peace treaty on 23 March 1881, giving self-government to the Boers in the Transvaal. The Jameson Raid of 1895 was a failed attempt by the British South Africa Company and the Johannesburg Reform Committee to overthrow the Boer government in the Transvaal.
The Second Boer War was about control of the gold and diamond industries and was fought between 1899 and 1902; the independent Boer republics of the Orange Free State and of the South African Republic (Transvaal) were this time defeated and absorbed into the British Empire.
The French thrust into the African interior was mainly from West Africa (modern day Senegal) eastward, through the Sahel along the southern border of the Sahara, a territory covering modern day Senegal, Mali, Niger, and Chad. Their ultimate aim was to have an uninterrupted link between the Niger River and the Nile, thus controlling all trade to and from the Sahel region, by virtue of their existing control over the Caravan routes through the Sahara.
The British, on the other hand, wanted to link their possessions in Southern Africa (modern South Africa), Botswana, Zimbabwe, Lesotho, Swaziland, and Zambia), with their territories in East Africa (modern Kenya), and these two areas with the Nile basin. Sudan (which in those days included modern day Uganda) was obviously key to the fulfillment of these ambitions, especially since Egypt was already under British control.
This "red line" through Africa is made most famous by Cecil Rhodes. Along with Lord Milner (the British colonial minister in South Africa), Rhodes advocated such a "Cape to Cairo" empire linking by rail the Suez Canal to the mineral-rich Southern part of the continent. Though hampered by German occupation of Tanganyika until the end of World War I, Rhodes successfully lobbied on behalf of such a sprawling East African empire.
In March 1899 the French and British agreed that the source of the Nile and Congo Rivers should mark the frontier between their spheres of influence.
The German move was aimed at reinforcing claims for compensation for acceptance of effective French control of the North African kingdom, where France's per-eminence had been upheld by the 1906 Algeciras Conference. In November 1911 a convention was signed under which Germany accepted France's position in Morocco in return for territory in the French Equatorial African colony of Middle Congo (now the Republic of the Congo).
France and Spain subsequently established a full protectorate over Morocco (30 March 1912), ending what remained of the country's formal independence.
Following the Berlin conference at the end of the 19th century, the British, Italians and Ethiopians sought to claim lands owned by the Somalis such as the Warsangali Sultanate, the Ajuuraan State and the Gobroon Dynasty.
During the period 1904-08 Germany's colonies in German South-West Africa and German East Africa were rocked by separate, contemporaneous native revolts against their rule. In both territories the threat to German rule was quickly defeated once large-scale reinforcements from Germany arrived, with the Herero rebels in German South-West Africa being defeated at the Battle of Waterberg and the Maji-Maji rebels in German East Africa being steadily crushed by German forces slowly advancing through the countryside, and the natives resorted to guerrilla warfare.
German efforts to clear the bush of civilians in German South-West Africa then resulted in a genocide of the population.
In total, as many as 65,000 Herero (80% of the total Herero population), and 10,000 Namaqua (50% of the total Namaqua population) either starved, died of thirst, or were worked to death in camps such as Shark Island Concentration Camp between 1904 and 1908.
Characteristic of this genocide was death by starvation and the poisoning of the population's wells whilst they were trapped in the Namib Desert.
In its earlier stages, imperialism was generally the act of individual explorers as well as some adventurous merchantmen. (Bankers) The colonial powers were a long way from approving without any dissent the expensive adventures carried out abroad.
Tensions between the universalist will to respect human rights of the colonized people, as they may be considered as "citizens" of the nation state, and the imperialist drives to cynically exploit populations deemed inferior began to surface. Some, in colonizing countries, opposed what they saw as unnecessary evils of the colonial administration when left to itself; as described in Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness (1899) – contemporary of Kipling's The White Man's Burden – or in Louis-Ferdinand Céline's Journey to the End of the Night (1932).
Thus, colonial lobbies were progressively set up to legitimize the Scramble for Africa and other expensive overseas adventures. In Germany, in France, in Britain, the middle class began to claim strong overseas policies to insure the market's growth. In 1916, Vladimir Lenin published Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism describing this phenomenon.
Even in lesser powers, voices like Enrico Corradini began to claim a "place in the sun" for so-called "proletarian nations", bolstering nationalism and militarism in an early prototype of fascism.
By the end of World War I the colonial empires had become very popular almost everywhere in Europe: public opinion had been convinced of the needs of a colonial empire, although most of the metropolitans would never see a piece of it. Colonial exhibitions had been instrumental in this change of popular mentalities brought about by the colonial propaganda, supported by the colonial lobby and by various scientists.
Thus, the conquest of territories were inevitably followed by public displays of the indigenous people for scientific and leisure purposes.
Can people understand...nothing has changed.
It has all been an illusion.
People continue to be what they have always been considered...animals, but now they come in all colors.
Karl Hagenbeck, a German merchant in wild animals and future entrepreneur of most Europeans zoos, thus decided in 1874 to exhibit Samoa and Sami people as "purely natural" populations. In 1876, he sent one of his collaborators to the newly conquered Egyptian Sudan to bring back some wild beasts and Nubians. Presented in Paris, London and Berlin, these Nubians were very successful.
Such "human zoos" could be found in Hamburg, Antwerp, Barcelona, London, Milan, New York, Warsaw, etc., with 200,000 to 300,000 visitors attending each exhibition. Tuaregs were exhibited after the French conquest of Timbuktu.
Using slaves to exploit pron, that today is generating trillions of dollars for those whose families first began the quest to own the world, now being called a New World Order.
"Negro villages" would be presented in Paris' 1878 and 1879 World's Fair; the 1900 World's Fair presented the famous diorama "living" in Madagascar, while the Colonial Exhibitions in Marseilles (1906 and 1922) and in Paris (1907 and 1931) would also display human beings in cages, often nudes or quasi-nudes.
Nomadic "Senegalese villages" were also created, thus displaying the power of the colonial empire to all the population.
In the U.S., Madison Grant, head of the New York Zoological Society, exposed Pygmy Ota Benga in the Bronx Zoo alongside the apes and others in 1906. At the behest of Grant, a prominent scientific racist and eugenicist, zoo director Hornaday, placed Ota Benga in a cage with an orangutan and labeled him "The Missing Link" in an attempt to illustrate Darwinism, and in particular that Africans like Ota Benga are closer to apes than were Europeans.
Other colonial exhibitions included the 1924 British Empire Exhibition and the successful 1931 Paris "Exposition coloniale."
During the New Imperialism period, by the end of the 19th century, Europe added almost 9,000,000 square miles (23,000,000 km2) – one-fifth of the land area of the globe – to its overseas colonial possessions. Europe's formal holdings now included the entire African continent except Ethiopia, Liberia (which was in many ways an American colony), and Saguia el-Hamra, the latter of which would be integrated into Spanish Sahara.
Between 1885 and 1914 Britain took nearly 30% of Africa's population under its control; 15% for France, 11% for Portugal, 9% for Germany, 7% for Belgium and 1% for Italy.[citation needed] Nigeria alone contributed 15 million subjects, more than in the whole of French West Africa or the entire German colonial empire.
It was paradoxical that Britain, the staunch advocate of free trade, emerged in 1914 with not only the largest overseas empire thanks to its long-standing presence in India, but also the greatest gains in the "scramble for Africa", reflecting its advantageous position at its inception. In terms of surface area occupied, the French were the marginal victors but much of their territory consisted of the sparsely populated Sahara.
German U-Boat campaigns against ships bound for Britain eventually drew the United States into what had become World War I. Moreover, using the Anglo-Japanese Alliance (British Crown) as an excuse, Japan leaped onto this opportunity to conquer German interests in China and the Pacific to become the dominating power in Western Pacific, setting the stage for the Second Sino-Japanese War (starting in 1937) and eventually World War II.
When it comes to Africa, the only reason the people are starving is in all the words above...stimulated then and continues today by greed.
Actions and words of world leaders continue to depict the content of character...anyone paying attention?
African colonies listed by colonizing power bring to light the world leaders that have sucked the wealth, and have not even given it to their supposed countries. History shows who is to blame for hunger, poverty, and is showing that there is a coup on the people of the world to make them believe there are no funds to take care of the masses.
Lies...lies...and more lies...when do they stop?
The list of countries who have rapped and robbed the African people and should be held accountable for the nation that they so boldly display that they own, and the people of those countries who are now suffering should ask their leaders what they did with all the money?
Transparency is here for Africans and the rest of the world to see who has the money and the house Negros that helped to rob citizens around the world what is rightfully theirs...sovereignty.
Every citizen in England should be wealthy beyond comprehension if the Royal Family would have shared with the people what it took from those of other nations. Why do the taxpayers of England continue to support a system that has never needed their money?
The greed of power demands it!
Listed below are countries that should not be broke today.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scramble_for_Africa
It is clear to understand why world leaders haven't shared or taught this information in schools. It unveils evil that is present in today's world, and the realization that the dark skinned people are the majority.
Karma...waiting for its return...
No justice...no peace...
Friendship/Love/Respect for all living things...