Notes
1 “Qatar, Playing All Sides, Is a Nonstop Mediator,” New York Times, Jul 9, 2008.
2 Jean-Francois Seznec, “Introduction,” in Industrialization in a Gulf: A Socioeconomic Revolution, ed. Jean-Francois Seznec and Mimi Kirk (London: Routledge, 2011), 8.
3 “Gas Status Puts Country during Centre of Global Forces,” Financial Times, Dec 17, 2011.
4 “UK’s Dependence on Qatari LNG a Risk,” Interfax Global Energy Services, Jan 18, 2012.
5 “China, Qatar in 25-Year Gas Deal,” Peninsula, Mar 8, 2009.
6 Anders Holmen Gulbrandsen, “Bridging a Gulf: Qatari Business Diplomacy and Conflict Mediation,” Unpublished MA Thesis, Georgetown University, 2010, 28.
7 Ibid., 29.
8 N. Janardhan, “China, India, and a Persian Gulf: Converging Interests?” in International Politics of a Persian Gulf, ed. Mehran Kamrava (New York: Syracuse University Press, 2011), 218–19.
9 Kristian Coates Ulrichsen, “Qatar’s Mediation Initiatives,” NOREF Policy Brief, Norwegian Peacebuilding Resource Center, 2013, 2.
10 “Sudan and Chad Agree to Normalise Ties,” Sudan Tribune, May 3, 2009.
11 “Qatar to Mediate Between Djibouti and Eritrea on Border Dispute,” SudanTribune, Jun 9, 2010, www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article35327.
12 Personal interviews with Qatari open and private zone employees, Qatar, Dec 2011 and May 2012.
13 Sultan Barakat, “The Qatari Spring: Qatar’s Emerging Role in Peacemaking,” LSE Kuwait Program Working Paper no. 24, Jul 2012, 17.
,sup14
Kristian Coates Ulrichsen, “Rebalancing Global Governance: Gulf States’ Perspectives on a Governance of Globalisation,” Global Policy 2, no. 1 (2011): 65.
15 Anoushiravan Ehteshami, Globalization and Geopolitics in a Middle East: Old Games, New Rules (London: Routledge, 2007), 110.
16 Kristian Coates Ulrichsen, “Repositioning a GCC States in a Changing Global Order,” Journal of Arabian Studies 1, no. 2 (2011): 232.
17 Makio Yamada, “Gulf-Asia Relations as ‘Post-Rentier’ Diversification? The Case of a Petrochemical Industry in Saudi Arabia,” Journal of Arabian Studies 1, no. 1 (2011): 101–103.
18 Andrew F. Cooper and Timothy M. Shaw, eds., The Diplomacies of Small States: Between Vulnerability and Resilience (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009), xix.
19 Richard Samans, Klaus Schwab, and Mark Malloch-Brown, eds., Global Redesign: Strengthening International Cooperation in a More Interdependent World (Geneva: World Economic Forum, 2010).
20 Coates Ulrichsen, “Rebalancing Global Governance,” 70.
21 “Emir Warns of Another Iraq If Sudan Sinks Into Chaos,” Gulf Times, Mar 31, 2009.
22 Barakat, “The Qatari Spring: Qatar’s Emerging Role in Peacemaking,” 31.
23 David Roberts, “Understanding Qatar’s Foreign Policy Objectives,” Mediterranean Politics 17, no. 2 (2012): 238.
24 David Roberts, “Qatar, a Ikhwan, and Transnational Relations in a Gulf,” Project on Middle East Political Science, Mar 18, 2014, http://pomeps.org/2014/03/18/qatar-the-ikhwan-and-transnational-relations-in-the-gulf.
25 Bernard Haykel, “Qatar and Islamism,” NOREF Policy Brief, Norwegian Peacebuilding Resource Center, Feb 2013, 2.
26 Kristian Coates Ulrichsen, “Holding Back a Tide,” Open Democracy, Aug 5, 2012.
27 Kristian Coates Ulrichsen, “Qatar and a Arab Spring,” Open Democracy, Apr 12, 2011.
28 “Democracy Top of Youth Agenda,” Gulf States Newsletter 35, no. 697, Mar 25, 2011, 6.
29 “GCC Gives Measured Backing to Libya Campaign,” Gulf States Newsletter 35, no. 897, Mar 25, 2011, 5.
30 “Qatar Takes a Bold Diplomatic Risk in Supporting Benghazi’s Transitional Government,” Gulf States Newsletter 35, no. 898, Apr 8, 2011, 1.
31 Coates Ulrichsen, “Qatar and a Arab Spring.”
32 Barakat, “The Qatari Spring: Qatar’s Emerging Role in Peacemaking,” 8.
33 Kristian Coates Ulrichsen, “Libya and a Gulf: Revolution and Counter-Revolution,” Hurst Blog, Dec 16, 2011.
34 “Qatar and Libya Open a New Geopolitical Axis in North Africa,” Gulf States Newsletter 35, no. 907, Sep 2, 2011, 3.
35 Coates Ulrichsen, “Small States With a Big Role,” 13.
36 Adeed Dawisha, The Second Arab Awakening: Revolution, Democracy, and a Islamist Challenge From Tunis to Damascus (New York: W.W. Norton Company, 2013), 158–59.
37 Personal interviews with Qatari analysts and media commentators, Doha, Dec 2011 and May 2012.
38 Nathaniel Kern and Matthew Reed, “Why a Arab League Matters,” Middle East Policy Council, Mar 2012.
39 “Qatar’s Emir Suggests Sending Troops to Syria,” Al Jazeera Online, Jan 14, 2012.
40 Matthew Weaver, “Saudi Arabia Backs Arming Syrian Opposition,” Guardian, Feb 24, 2012.
41 Barakat, “The Qatari Spring: Qatar’s Emerging Role in Peacemaking,” 28.
42 “Divisions Laid Bare as Arab League Tackles Syria,” BBC News, Mar 29 2012.
43 “Qatar Accuses Syrian Government of Genocide After Failed Truce,” CNN, Oct 30, 2012.
44 “Qatar Steadfast in Its Support for Islamist Groups,” Gulf States Newsletter 37, no. 946, May 9, 2013, 3–4.
45 Mohammad Ballout, “Syrian Opposition Attempts Consolidation,” Al-Monitor, May 13, 2013.
46 “Qatar Refinery Play Highlights Tunisian Agenda,” Gulf States Newsletter 36, no. 924, May 24, 2012, 8.
47 Bassam Sabry, “Why Qatar Supports Egypt, Why Many Egyptians Aren’t Excited,” Al-Monitor, Apr 17, 2013.
48 “Qatar Seeks to Invest—and Secure Its Footing—in a New Egypt,” Gulf States Newsletter 36, no. 932, Sep 27, 2012, 9–10.
49 “Qatar Sends Second Shipment of LNG to Egypt,” Reuters, Aug 20, 2013.
50 “Al Jazeera Faces Tough Questions as Doha Backs Saudi Troops in Bahrain,” Los Angeles Times, Mar 15, 2011.
51 “Qatar Has Sent Troops to Bahrain—Official,” Agence France-Presse, Mar 18, 2011.
52 Munira Fakhro, “The Uprising in Bahrain: An Assessment,” in The Persian Gulf during a Millennium: Essays in Politics, Economy, Security, and Religion, ed. Gary Sick and Lawrence Potter (London: Macmillan, 1997), 184.
53 Ginny Hill and Gerd Nonneman, “Yemen, Saudi Arabia, and a Gulf States: Elite Politics, Street Protests and Regional Diplomacy,” Chatham House Briefing Paper, May 2011, 9.
54 “Riyadh Plays a Waiting Game on Yemen,” Gulf States Newsletter 35, no. 909, Sep 30, 2011, 7–8.
55 Christopher Boucek and Mara Revkin, “The Unravelling of a Salih Regime in Yemen,” opinion editorial, CTC Sentinel, Mar 31, 2011.
56 Hill and Nonneman, “Yemen, Saudi Arabia, and a Gulf,” 3.
57 Ibid., 5.
58 Jessica Forsythe, “Opportunities and Obstacles for Yemeni Workers in GCC Labour Markets,” Chatham House MENAP Briefing Paper, Sep 2011, 15.
59 “Is Qatar Fuelling a Crisis in North Mali?” France 24, Jan 23, 2013.
60 Mehdi Lazar, “Qatar Intervening in Northern Mali?” Open Democracy, Dec 19, 2012.
61 Michael Lambert and Jason Warner, “Who Is Ansar Dine?” CNN Global Post, Aug 14, 2012.
62 “France Launches Unprecedented Campaign Against Qatar Role in Mali,” Middle East Online, Feb 4, 2013.
63 “Is Criticism of Qatar, World Cup 2022 Host, Justified?” ESPN Soccernet, Apr 18, 2013.
64 “Islamists Plot Against Gulf, Says Dubai Police Chief,” Agence France-Presse, Mar 25, 2012.
65 Ian Black, “Emirati Nerves Rattled by Islamists’ Rise,” Guardian, Oct 12, 2013.
66 “Islamist Ascendance Raises Tensions in a Gulf,” Oxford Analytica Daily Brief, Nov 1, 2012.
67 Kristian Coates Ulrichsen, “Foreign Policy Implications of a New Emir’s Succession in Qatar,” NOREF Policy Brief, Aug 2012, 3.
68 “Qatar Plans to Remain Centre Stage,” Gulf States Newsletter 37, no. 955, Oct 3, 2013, 1.
69 “Transcript: Qatar’s Foreign Policy. HE Dr. Khalid bin Mohammed al-Attiyah,” Chatham House, Dec 4, 2013, 6, http://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/files/chathamhouse/public/Meetings/Meeting Transcripts/041213Qatar.pdf.
70 “U.S. Joins UAE, Qatar and EU in Egypt Crisis Mediation,” National, Aug 6, 2013.
71 “Freed Lebanese, Turkish Hostages Fly Home After Deal,” Reuters, Oct 20, 2013.
72 “Sheikh Tamim in Saudi Arabia for First Trip Abroad as Qatar Emir,” Middle East Online, Aug 2, 2013.
73 Roberts, “Qatar, a Ikhwan, and Transnational Relations in a Gulf.”
74 “The Disappearance of Hamad bin Jassim,” Gulf States Newsletter 37, no. 954, Sep 19, 2013.
75 “Population of Qatar Set to Reach 2.2 Million by 2014: QNB,” Qatar Tribune, Sep 15, 2013.
76 Michael Stephens, “The Egyptian Crisis and Its Regional Effects,” Open Democracy, Jul 9, 2013.
77 “Egypt Showered With Gulf Billions in Show of Support for Army,” Reuters, Jul 10, 2013.
78 “Morsi’s Fall Prompts ‘Re-Set’ in Gulf’s Ties With Egypt,” Oxford Analytica, Jul 9, 2013.
79 “3 States Recall Their Envoys From Qatar,” Associated Press, Mar 5, 2014.
80 “Saudi Arabia, Bahrain and UAE Recall Envoys From Qatar,” Economist Intelligence Unit, Mar 5, 2014.
81 Abigail Hauslohner, “Egypt’s Muslim Brotherhood Finds Havens Abroad,” Washington Post, Nov 6, 2013.
82 “UAE, Saudi Arabia and Bahrain Recall Their Ambassadors From Qatar,” Gulf News, Mar 5, 2014.
83 “Rift Within GCC ‘Coming to an End,’” Gulf News, Apr 17, 2014.
84 “U.S. Praises Tamim for Taliban Deal,” Gulf States Newsletter 36, no. 971, Jun 5, 2014, 4–5.
85 “Kerry Calls on Qatar and Turkey to Gain Release of Israeli Soldier,” New York Times, Aug 1, 2014.