The Porsche 918 Spyder is celebrating its official debut in a production form at the 2013 Frankfurt Motor Show.
In setting this technological benchmark, the Porsche 918 Spyder is taking on a pioneering role similar to that of the 911 when it was unveiled at the Frankfurt Motor Show fifty years ago.
In addition, the new second generation Panamera is demonstrating the breadth of the Porsche range today. As the first plug-in hybrid in the luxury class, the Panamera S E-Hybrid is proving that Porsche is leading the field with its expertise in the development of fuel-efficient drive concepts for sports cars.
The 918 Spyder is the continuation of the traditional Porsche DNA in a ground-breaking sports car concept. Designed from the start to be a high-performance hybrid, the 918 Spyder boasts an unprecedented combination of performance (offering the 887 hp output of a super sports car) and the virtually silent, emission-free travel of an electric vehicle. The vehicle is able to accelerate from 0 to 62 mph in 2.8 seconds and offers an average standard fuel consumption of between 94 mpg and 85 mpg. The 918 Spyder also allows a combustion engine to be combined with an electric motor-based drive to generate new functions that further optimise the dynamic performance.
The 918 Spyder embodies the essence of the Porsche idea, combining pedigree motor racing technology with excellent everyday suitability, and maximum performance with minimum consumption. The début of the 918 Spyder at the IAA 2013 marks the start of a new chapter in the future of the hybrid drive. And the technology pioneers are not the only ones who are excited by this flagship project, as the 918 Spyder demonstrates the potential of the hybrid drive to a degree never seen before, achieving a parallel improvement in both fuel efficiency and performance without compromising on either. This is the idea that has made the Porsche 911 the most successful sports car in the world for the past 50 years.
In short, the 918 Spyder contains the genetic blueprint for the Porsche sportscar of the future. The 918 Spyder has been greatly influenced by its affiliations with motorsport. A number of the developments on the Porsche LMP1 race car for the 24 Hours of Le Mans 2014 were used in the 918 Spyder – and vice versa. The structural concept, based on a rolling chassis (i.e. a chassis without bodywork), is standard for Porsche race cars. The design of the V8 engine is based on that of the Le Mans Prototype 2 (LMP2) race car, the RS Spyder, and the supporting monocoque structures and unit carriers are made from carbon fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP). More importantly, however, the 918 Spyder is considerably more fuel efficient than any of its competitors. In fact, this plug-in hybrid combines the performance of a race car with an output of over 880 hp with an estimated NEDC fuel consumption of just three litres per 100 km, which is lower than the majority of today’s compact cars. Drivers can therefore enjoy maximum driving pleasure and minimum fuel consumption.
The core message surrounding the 918 Spyder is that the Porsche hybrid drive offers uncompromising dynamic performance. The unique all-wheel drive arrangement with a combined combustion engine and electric motor drive system on the rear axle, and a second electric motor on the front axle, make this possible. This is based on the Porsche motorsport development work for the successful 911 GT3 R Hybrid race car. The additional, individually controllable front wheel drive enables new driving strategies to be used for extremely high, yet safe, speeds particularly through corners. Furthermore, the advanced ‘boost’ strategy manages the energy of the electric drive so intelligently that the unrestricted total power of the 918 Spyder can be accessed simply by fully depressing the accelerator pedal for every burst of speed at maximum acceleration. In short, the 918 Spyder allows any driver to experience the potential of its advanced longitudinal and lateral dynamics.
From comfortable to race-ready: Five modes for three motors
The centrepiece of the 918 Spyder is the distribution of propulsive power across three power units, all of which are integrated and controlled via an intelligent management system. To benefit as much as possible from the coverage offered by the different systems, the Porsche engineers at the company’s Weissach research and development centre have defined a total of five operating modes, which can be activated via a map switch in the steering wheel, just like in race cars. Using the pre-selected mode, the 918 Spyder applies the most suitable operating and boost strategy without any further intervention from drivers, thus allowing them to concentrate fully on the road.
Quiet and elegant: ‘E-Power’: When the vehicle is started up, ‘E-Power’ mode is selected as the default operating mode, provided that the battery is sufficiently charged. Depending on load, the 918 Spyder can cover between 10 and 20 miles purely on electric power. Even in pure electric mode, the 918 Spyder accelerates from 0 – 62 mph in under seven seconds and can reach speeds of up to 93 mph. In this mode, the combustion engine is used only when needed. If the battery charging condition drops below a set minimum level, the vehicle automatically switches to hybrid mode.
Efficient and comfortable: ‘Hybrid’: In ‘Hybrid’ mode, the electric motors and combustion engine work alternately, focusing on achieving maximum efficiency and minimum fuel consumption. The power output of the individual drive components is modified in line with the current driving situation and the required performance level. Hybrid mode is typically used for fuel-efficient driving.
Sporty and dynamic: ‘Sport Hybrid’: If more dynamic performance is required, the power units in the 918 Spyder switch over to ‘Sport Hybrid’ mode. The combustion engine now operates continuously, representing the main propulsive force. The electric motors are activated to support acceleration through the electric boost function, or at points when the operating point of the combustion engine can be optimised for greater efficiency. This mode focuses on performance and a sporty driving experience at top speeds.
For fast laps: ‘Race Hybrid’: ‘Race Hybrid’ is the mode for maximum performance combined with an especially sporting driving experience. The combustion engine is chiefly used under high load, and charges the battery whenever the driver does not require maximum power. In this mode, the electric motors also provide additional support in the form of boosting. The gearshift programme of the Porsche Doppelkupplung (PDK) is also designed for even sportier driving. The electric motors are used up to the maximum power output limit to deliver the best possible performance for the race track. The battery charging condition is not kept constant and instead fluctuates over the entire charge range. In contrast to ‘Sport Hybrid’ mode, the electric motors run at their maximum power output limit for a short period for enhanced boost performance. This increased output is balanced out by the fact that the combustion engine charges the battery more intensively. The electric power boost is thus always available to the driver even for several very fast laps.
For pole position: ‘Hot Lap’: The ‘Hot Lap’ button in the centre of the map switch releases the final reserves of the 918 Spyder and can only be activated in ‘Race Hybrid’ mode. Similar to a motor sports qualification mode, ‘Race Hybrid’ pushes the traction battery to its maximum power output limits for a few fast laps. This mode uses all of the available energy in the battery.
A world first: A drive that harnesses the power of three separate power units
The main drive source is the 4.6-litre, eight-cylinder engine with an output of up to 608 hp. Based on the power unit of the successful RS Spyder endurance race car, the engine delivers revs of up to 9,150 rpm and a power output per litre of approximately 132 hp/litre – 26 hp/litre more than that of the Carrera GT, making this the highest specific power of any naturally aspirated Porsche engine. And it is not just the performance of the 918 Spyder engine that stirs up an emotive response: The sound of this vehicle is just as impressive, and can primarily be attributed to the ‘top pipes’ – exhaust tailpipes that terminate directly above the engine in the upper part of the rear engine cover. No other series production vehicle features this solution.
In parallel in the drivetrain: Hybrid module
The V8 engine is coupled to the hybrid module as the 918 Spyder is designed as a parallel hybrid like Porsche’s current hybrid models. The hybrid module essentially comprises a 115 kW electric motor and a de-coupler that serves as the connection with the combustion engine. Because of its parallel hybrid configuration, the 918 Spyder can be powered at the rear axle either individually by the combustion engine or the electric motor, or via both drives together. As is typical for a Porsche super sports car, the power unit assembly in the 918 Spyder has been placed in front of the rear axle, and it does not have a direct mechanical connection to the front axle. A seven-speed Porsche Doppelkupplung (PDK) transmission handles power transmission to the rear axle.
Independent all-wheel drive: Front axle with electric motor
There is another independent electric motor that generates approximately 95 kW of power at the front axle. The front electric drive unit drives the wheels at a fixed gear ratio. A de-coupler removes drive from the electric motor at high speeds to prevent the motor from over-revving.
The drive torque is independently controlled for each axle, creating a very responsive all-wheel drive function with significant potential in terms of traction and dynamic performance.
Lithium-ion battery with plug-in charging system
The electric energy for the electric motors is stored by a liquid-cooled lithium-ion battery comprising 312 individual cells with an energy content of approximately seven kilowatt hours. The battery in the 918 Spyder has a performance-oriented design in terms of both power charging and output, enabling it to meet the performance requirements of the electric motor. The power capacity and operating life of the lithium-ion traction battery depend on several factors, including thermal conditions. This is why the battery of the 918 Spyder is liquid cooled by a dedicated cooling circuit. The global warranty period for the traction battery is seven years.
Porsche has developed a new system with a plug-in charging interface and improved recuperation potential for charging the battery. For example, on the German 230 Volt mains supply, the traction battery can be charged within four hours by connecting the Porsche Universal Charger (AC) provided in the scope of delivery to a ten-ampere fused power socket. The Porsche Speed Charging Station (DC) is also available as an option, and will fully charge the high-voltage battery in just under 25 minutes.
The ‘Weissach’ package for an even better performance
For customers looking for an even better performance from the 918 Spyder, Porsche also offers the ‘Weissach’ package. Super sports cars modified with this package are also available in special colours and designs inspired by legendary Porsche race cars, making them instantly recognisable. The emphasis on performance is not just visual. Super lightweight magnesium wheels reduce unsprung weight, decreasing the gross weight by around 35 kg. These lightweight features are decisive when it comes to further enhancing the dynamic performance of the vehicle. Other references to motorsport include six-point harness seat belts for the driver and front passenger, an optional film coating instead of a paint finish, plus additional aerodynamic add-on parts in visible carbon fibre.
Porsche Active Aerodynamic (PAA) for different driving modes
Porsche Active Aerodynamic (PAA) is a system of adjustable aerodynamic elements that provides a unique and variable aerodynamic response. The system works in three stages, switching automatically between optimum efficiency and maximum downforce, and working in harmony with the operating modes of the hybrid drive. In ‘Race’ mode, the retractable rear wing is set to a steep angle to generate high downforce at the rear axle. The spoiler, which is positioned between the two wing supports at the trailing edge of the airflow, also extends. Two adjustable air flaps are opened in the underbody in front of the front axle, directing some of the air into the diffuser channels of the underbody structure to also produce a ‘ground effect’ at the front axle.
In ‘Sport’ mode, the aerodynamics control system reduces the approach angle of the rear wing slightly, enabling a higher top speed. The spoiler remains extended but the aerodynamic flaps in the underbody close, which also reduces aerodynamic drag and increases the potential vehicle speed. In ‘E’-mode, the system focuses solely on low aerodynamic drag; the rear wing and spoiler are retracted and the underbody flaps are closed. Adjustable air intakes under the main headlights round off the adaptive aerodynamics system. When the vehicle is stationary and in ‘Race’ or ‘Sport’ mode, the intakes are opened to enable maximum cooling. In ‘E-Power’ and ‘Hybrid’ mode, the air intakes close as soon as the vehicle is driven off in order to keep aerodynamic drag to a minimum. They are not opened again until the vehicle reaches speeds of approximately 80 mph or when cooling requirements are higher.
A unique open-roof driving experience: Removable roof panels
As a super sports car designed for everyday use, the 918 Spyder offers a spectacular top-down driving experience. The two roof panels made from carbon fibre-reinforced plastic (CFRP) are removable, as is the tradition at Porsche, and can be stored securely in the 100-litre capacity luggage compartment located in the nose of the vehicle.
Porsche 918 Spyder Specifications
Body: Two-seat Spyder; carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) monocoque interlocked with CFRP unit carrier; two-piece Targa roof; fixed roll-over protection system.
Drivetrain: Parallel full hybrid; 4.6-litre V8 mid-engine with dry-sump lubrication; hybrid module with electric motor and decoupler; electric motor with decoupler and transmission on front axle; auto Start Stop function; electrical system recuperation; four cooling circuits for motors, transmission and battery; thermal management
Engine power: 608 hp (447 kW) at 8,600/min (V8 engine)
- 154 hp (hybrid module on rear axle)
- 127 hp (electric motor on front axle)
- 887 hp (combined)
Max. torque: 390 lb.-ft. at 6,600/min (V8 engine)
- 940 lb.-ft. (equivalent torque calculated on the crankshaft, complete system in 7th gear)
- 787 lb.-ft. (complete system, 3rd gear)
> 590 lb.-ft. (800/min – 5,000/min)
Maximum Revs: 9,150 rpm
Power output per liter: 132 hp/l (V8 engine)
Power transmission: Combustion engine with hybrid module and transmission bolted together to form a single drive unit; seven-speed Doppelkupplungsgetriebe (PDK); rear-wheel drive; front electric motor with gearbox for driving the front wheels (decoupled from 235km/h - 146 mph); five pre-selectable operating modes for optimum coordination of all drive units.
Chassis and Suspension: Double-wishbone front axle; optional electro-pneumatic lift system on front axle; electro-mechanical power steering; multilink rear axle with adaptive electro-mechanical system for individual rear wheel steering; electronically controlled twin-tube gas-pressure dampers in the front and rear with Porsche Active Suspension Management (PASM).
Brake system: High-performance hybrid brake system with adaptive recuperation; internally ventilated and perforated front ceramic brake discs (PCCB) with a diameter of 410 mm and thickness of 36 mm; rear discs with a diameter of 390 mm and thickness of 32 mm
Wheels and tires: 918 Spyder wheels
- (Weissach package: 918 Spyder magnesium wheels)
- front 9.5 J x 20 with 265/35 ZR 20
- rear 12.5 J x 21 with 325/30 ZR 21
Weight: DIN unladen weight 1,634 kg
Dimensions:
Length 4,643 mm
Width 1,940 mm
Height 1,167 mm
Wheelbase 2,730 mm
Track width Front 1,664 mm
Rear 1,612 mm
Luggage compartment volume, VDA ~ 110 litres
Fuel tank capacity: 70 litres
Energy supply:
Lithium-ion battery with 6.8 kWh capacity (BOL nominal), 220 kW maximum power and mains-compatible plug-in charger
Performance:
Top speed 345 km/h (211 mph)
Purely electric 150 km/h (93 mph)
Acceleration:
0–100 km/h 2.8 s (62 mph)
0–200 km/h 7.7 s (124 mph)
0–300 km/h 22.0 s (186 mph)
Consumption (NEDC): Total 3.3–3.0 litres/100 km (85 – 94 mpg)
CO2 emissions: Total 79–70 g/km
Energy consumption: 12.5–13.0 kWh/100 km
Efficiency class: Germany A+
Range Purely electric: 16–31 km
Warranty:
Vehicle 4 years
Battery 7 years