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Revision as of 17:01, 18 April 2014
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== Clinically Relevant Anatomy ==
== Clinically Relevant Anatomy ==
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The quadriceps femoris acts as a hip flexor and knee extender. This muscle is composed of 4 subcomponents:<br>'''-M. Rectus femoris <br>-M. Vastus medialis <br>-M. Vastus lateralis <br>-M. Vastus intermedius'''
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The quadriceps femoris acts as a hip flexor and knee extender. This muscle is composed of 4 subcomponents:<br>'''-M. Rectus femoris <br>-M.
[http://www.physio-pedia.com/Vastus_Medialis_Oblique
Vastus medialis
]
<br>-M. Vastus lateralis <br>-M. Vastus intermedius'''
The M. Rectus femoris is the only part of the muscle participating in both flexion of the hip and extension of the knee. The other 3 parts are only involved in the extension of the knee. The M. rectus femoris is the most superficial part of the quadriceps and it crosses both the hip and knee joints. So it is more susceptible to stretch-induced strain injuries. <ref name="1" /> The most common sites of strains are the muscle tendon junction just above the knee (both distal and proximal but most frequently at the distal muscle-tendon) and in the muscle itself.<ref name="3" />'''<br>'''
The M. Rectus femoris is the only part of the muscle participating in both flexion of the hip and extension of the knee. The other 3 parts are only involved in the extension of the knee. The M. rectus femoris is the most superficial part of the quadriceps and it crosses both the hip and knee joints. So it is more susceptible to stretch-induced strain injuries. <ref name="1" /> The most common sites of strains are the muscle tendon junction just above the knee (both distal and proximal but most frequently at the distal muscle-tendon) and in the muscle itself.<ref name="3" />'''<br>'''
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This hasn’t been proved in scientific literature, but it is commonly used by physiotherapists and doctors. Before a patient turn back to normal activities, he or she should do some exercises and stretching to reinforce the quadriceps and hamstrings- muscle. The exercises can be isometric, isotonic, isokinetic and in a later stage of the revalidation sport- or ADL-specific'''.<ref name="1" />'''<br>An overview of the types of exercises:<br>-isometric: muscle contraction without change in muscle length (mostly against a fixed object). <br>-isotonic: muscle contraction against a constant resistance with a shortening/lengthening of the muscle. <br>-isokinetic: muscle contraction by a specific movement (e.g. flexion-extension of the knee).
This hasn’t been proved in scientific literature, but it is commonly used by physiotherapists and doctors. Before a patient turn back to normal activities, he or she should do some exercises and stretching to reinforce the quadriceps and hamstrings- muscle. The exercises can be isometric, isotonic, isokinetic and in a later stage of the revalidation sport- or ADL-specific'''.<ref name="1" />'''<br>An overview of the types of exercises:<br>-isometric: muscle contraction without change in muscle length (mostly against a fixed object). <br>-isotonic: muscle contraction against a constant resistance with a shortening/lengthening of the muscle. <br>-isokinetic: muscle contraction by a specific movement (e.g. flexion-extension of the knee).
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All of these exercises should be done in a range of motion that is pain-free. These strengthening exercises will also help in preventing from a new strain injury.<ref name="1" /><br>
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All of these exercises should be done in a range of motion that is pain-free. These strengthening exercises will also help in preventing from a new strain injury.<ref name="1" /><br>
== Recent Related Research (from [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ Pubmed]) ==
== Recent Related Research (from [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ Pubmed]) ==