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'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}
'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}
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== <u></u>Introduction ==
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== <u></u>
'''
Introduction
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Kinesiology taping (KT) is a therapeutic tool and has become increasingly popular within the sporting arena. Taping has been used for a long time for the prevention and treatment of sporting injuries. KT is not only used for sporting injuries but for a variety of other conditions. It was developed by Japanaese Chiropractor [http://www.kinesiotaping.com/global/corporation/about.html Dr. Kenzo Kase] in the 1970's with the intention to alleviate pain <ref name="Liu et al">Liu YH, Chen SM, Lin CH, Huang CI, Sun YN. Motion tracking on elbow tissue from ultrasonic image sequence for patients with alteral epicondylitis.Proceedings of the 29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBS Cite Interbationale, Lyon, France, 2007.</ref> and improve the healing in soft tissues<ref name="Kahanov">Kahanov L. Kinesio taping, Part 1: An overview of its use in athletes.Athletic Therapy Today 2007;12:17-18.</ref>. There are many proposed benefits to KT, including: proprioceptive facilitation; reduced muscle fatigue; muscle facilitation; reduced delayed-onset muscle soreness; pain inhibition; enhanced healing, such as reducing oedema, and improvement of lymphatic drainage and blood flow<ref name="Basset, Lingman and Ellis">Basset KT, Lingman SA, Ellis RF. The use and treatment efficacy kinaesthetic taping for musculoskeletal conditions: a systematic review. New Zealand Journal of Physiotherapy 2010;38(2):56-62.</ref>.
Kinesiology taping (KT) is a therapeutic tool and has become increasingly popular within the sporting arena. Taping has been used for a long time for the prevention and treatment of sporting injuries. KT is not only used for sporting injuries but for a variety of other conditions. It was developed by Japanaese Chiropractor [http://www.kinesiotaping.com/global/corporation/about.html Dr. Kenzo Kase] in the 1970's with the intention to alleviate pain <ref name="Liu et al">Liu YH, Chen SM, Lin CH, Huang CI, Sun YN. Motion tracking on elbow tissue from ultrasonic image sequence for patients with alteral epicondylitis.Proceedings of the 29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBS Cite Interbationale, Lyon, France, 2007.</ref> and improve the healing in soft tissues<ref name="Kahanov">Kahanov L. Kinesio taping, Part 1: An overview of its use in athletes.Athletic Therapy Today 2007;12:17-18.</ref>. There are many proposed benefits to KT, including: proprioceptive facilitation; reduced muscle fatigue; muscle facilitation; reduced delayed-onset muscle soreness; pain inhibition; enhanced healing, such as reducing oedema, and improvement of lymphatic drainage and blood flow<ref name="Basset, Lingman and Ellis">Basset KT, Lingman SA, Ellis RF. The use and treatment efficacy kinaesthetic taping for musculoskeletal conditions: a systematic review. New Zealand Journal of Physiotherapy 2010;38(2):56-62.</ref>.
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== Properties ==
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'''
Properties
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KT is manufactured pre-stretched by 15-25% as it is applied to the backing paper. It is characterised by the ability to stretch to 120-140% of its original length and, following application, recoil back towards its unstretched length. KT purportedly mimics the physical qualities of the skin as it is believed to be the same weight and thickness of the epidermis along with its inherent elastic properties<ref name="Kase">Kase K. Clinical therapeutic application of the kinesio taping method. Ken-i Kai Information 2003</ref>. It is comprised of polymer elastic wrapped in 100% cotton fibres, which allows for evaporation of moisture. The glue is heat-activated and is applied in a wave-like pattern to mimic the qualities of the fingerprint on the finger tip. KT is both <span style="line-height: 1.5em;">waterproof</span><span style="line-height: 1.5em;"> and breathable and </span><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">it can be worn during exercise, showering and even swimming. It dries quickly and seldom causes skin irritation, however; if skin irritation does occur, advise patient to remove tape immediately and wash the area with warm soapy water to remove any residual adhesive. When properly applied, it will last up to 3-5 days.</span>
KT is manufactured pre-stretched by 15-25% as it is applied to the backing paper. It is characterised by the ability to stretch to 120-140% of its original length and, following application, recoil back towards its unstretched length. KT purportedly mimics the physical qualities of the skin as it is believed to be the same weight and thickness of the epidermis along with its inherent elastic properties<ref name="Kase">Kase K. Clinical therapeutic application of the kinesio taping method. Ken-i Kai Information 2003</ref>. It is comprised of polymer elastic wrapped in 100% cotton fibres, which allows for evaporation of moisture. The glue is heat-activated and is applied in a wave-like pattern to mimic the qualities of the fingerprint on the finger tip. KT is both <span style="line-height: 1.5em;">waterproof</span><span style="line-height: 1.5em;"> and breathable and </span><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">it can be worn during exercise, showering and even swimming. It dries quickly and seldom causes skin irritation, however; if skin irritation does occur, advise patient to remove tape immediately and wash the area with warm soapy water to remove any residual adhesive. When properly applied, it will last up to 3-5 days.</span>
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== Theory ==
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Theory
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The type of application theoretically determines the physiological outcome: for example, KT is applied unstretched over manually stretched skin above the injured muscle. This type of application will cause the skin to form convolutions which lift the skin<ref name="Kahanov" />. Theories suggest that these convolutions encourage regeneration of injured tissue by increasing interstitial space and alleviating interstitial pressures which occur from swelling post injury<ref name="Hammer">Hammer WI. Functional soft tissue examination and treatment by manual methods. 3rd ed. Boston: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2006</ref>. This decrease in pressure also decompresses subcutaneous nociceptors, leading to decreased pain<ref name="Kahanov" />. It is also theorised that lifting the skin detaches filaments which attach the skin to endothelial cells of the lymphatic and capillary beds. This is proposed to to create channels which allows for lymph to drain, thus reducing swelling and allowing increased blood flow to the area<ref name="Lipinska et al">Lipinska A, Sliwinski Z,Kiebzak W, Senderek T, Kirenko J. Influence of kinesiotaping application on lymphoedema of an upper limb in women after mastectomy. Polish Journal of Physiotherapy 2007:7;258-269.</ref>. The evidence for these theories is still in its infancy and requires extensive research.
The type of application theoretically determines the physiological outcome: for example, KT is applied unstretched over manually stretched skin above the injured muscle. This type of application will cause the skin to form convolutions which lift the skin<ref name="Kahanov" />. Theories suggest that these convolutions encourage regeneration of injured tissue by increasing interstitial space and alleviating interstitial pressures which occur from swelling post injury<ref name="Hammer">Hammer WI. Functional soft tissue examination and treatment by manual methods. 3rd ed. Boston: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2006</ref>. This decrease in pressure also decompresses subcutaneous nociceptors, leading to decreased pain<ref name="Kahanov" />. It is also theorised that lifting the skin detaches filaments which attach the skin to endothelial cells of the lymphatic and capillary beds. This is proposed to to create channels which allows for lymph to drain, thus reducing swelling and allowing increased blood flow to the area<ref name="Lipinska et al">Lipinska A, Sliwinski Z,Kiebzak W, Senderek T, Kirenko J. Influence of kinesiotaping application on lymphoedema of an upper limb in women after mastectomy. Polish Journal of Physiotherapy 2007:7;258-269.</ref>. The evidence for these theories is still in its infancy and requires extensive research.
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<span id="1371094791876S" style="display: none;"> </span>
<span id="1371094791876S" style="display: none;"> </span>
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== Basics of Application ==
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Basics of Application
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*Ensure to thoroughly assess the patient in order to identify the most appropriate application
*Ensure to thoroughly assess the patient in order to identify the most appropriate application
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== Contra-indications and Precautions ==
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Contra-indications and Precautions
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*Malignancy
*Malignancy
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*DVT<br>
*DVT<br>
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Precautions:
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Precautions:
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*Diabetes
*Diabetes
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*Fracture
*Fracture
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== Different Types of Application ==
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Different Types of Application
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KT can be applied in the shape of a 'Y', 'I', 'X', 'Fan', 'Web' or 'Donut'. The shape selection depends on the the size of the affected muscle and the result you are trying to achieve.
KT can be applied in the shape of a 'Y', 'I', 'X', 'Fan', 'Web' or 'Donut'. The shape selection depends on the the size of the affected muscle and the result you are trying to achieve.
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<ref name="Therapeutic Taping">Kaze K, Wallis J, Kaze T. Clinical therapeutic applications of the kinesio taping method. Tokyo: Japan, 2003.</ref>
<ref name="Therapeutic Taping">Kaze K, Wallis J, Kaze T. Clinical therapeutic applications of the kinesio taping method. Tokyo: Japan, 2003.</ref>
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== Type of Application Stretch ==
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Type of Application Stretch
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The target muscle should be elongated prior to stretch. KT requires none to partial stretch to be applied on tape.
The target muscle should be elongated prior to stretch. KT requires none to partial stretch to be applied on tape.
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== Kinesio Tape Instruction Video's ==
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Kinesio Tape Instruction Video's
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http://www.kinesiotaping.hk/how-to-use-Kinesio-Tapes.html<ref name="Kinesio HK">Kinesio Taping Association International. Kinesio HK:The original from Dr. Kenzo Kaze since 1979. http://www.kinesiotaping.hk/how-to-use-Kinesio-Tapes.html (accessed 13 June 2013).</ref>
http://www.kinesiotaping.hk/how-to-use-Kinesio-Tapes.html<ref name="Kinesio HK">Kinesio Taping Association International. Kinesio HK:The original from Dr. Kenzo Kaze since 1979. http://www.kinesiotaping.hk/how-to-use-Kinesio-Tapes.html (accessed 13 June 2013).</ref>
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== Clinical Implications ==
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Clinical Implications
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*Level of evidence - weak
*Level of evidence - weak
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*Skin irritation
*Skin irritation
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== Patient After-Care Advice ==
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Patient After-Care Advice
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*If the tape makes symptoms worse then take it off
*If the tape makes symptoms worse then take it off
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*Do NOT dry it with a hairdryer
*Do NOT dry it with a hairdryer
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== Recent
Related
Research ==
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==
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Recent
Relat<span style="line-height: 1.5em;">ed
Research
</span>'''
==
*Bassett KT, Lingham SA, Ellis RF. The use and treatment efficacy of kinaesthetic taping for musculoskeletal condition: a systematic review. New Zealand Journal of Physiotherapy 2010;38(2): 56-62.
*Bassett KT, Lingham SA, Ellis RF. The use and treatment efficacy of kinaesthetic taping for musculoskeletal condition: a systematic review. New Zealand Journal of Physiotherapy 2010;38(2): 56-62.
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== Resources ==
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Resources
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*http://www.kinesiotaping.com/global/corporation/about.html
*http://www.kinesiotaping.com/global/corporation/about.html
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*http://www.kinesiotaping.hk/how-to-use-Kinesio-Tapes.html
*http://www.kinesiotaping.hk/how-to-use-Kinesio-Tapes.html
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== References ==
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'''
References
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<references />
<references />