Assess the patient’s respiratory status by monitoring the severity of symptoms, breath sounds, peak flow, pulse oximetry, and vital
Obtain a history of allergic reactions to medications before administering medications.
Identify medications the patient is currently taking.
Administer medications as prescribed and monitor the patient’s responses to those medications; medications may include an antibiotic if the patient has an underlying respiratory infection. fowler or semi-fowler position
Administer humidified oxygen
Administer nebulizer of ventolin / normal saline
Observe for: cyanosis, breath sound, wheezing, respiratory rate apical pulse, blood pressure, pea expiratory flow.
Administer fluids if the patient is dehydrated.
Assist with intubation procedure, if required.
Provide rest and quiet environment
Monitor for deteriorating respiratory status and note sputum characteristics.
Teach patient and family about asthma (chronic inflammatory), purpose and action of medications, triggers to avoid and how to do so, and proper inhalation technique.
Instruct patient and family about peak-flow monitoring.
Encourage them to express the concerns.
Explain all procedures
Teach patient how to implement an action plan and how and when to seek assistance.
Obtain current educational materials for the patient based on the patient’s diagnosis, causative factors, educational level, and cultural background.
Emphasize adherence to prescribed therapy, preventive measures, and need for followup appointments.
Refer for home health nurse as indicated.
Home visit to assess for allergens may be indicated (with recurrent exacerbations).
Refer patient to community support groups.
Remind patients and families about the importance of health promotion strategies and recommended health screening.
Sources:
http://nurseslabs.com/asthma-nursing-management/
http://www.nursing-help.com/2011/08/bronchial-asthma-nursing-diagnosis-and-nursing-care-plan.html
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