Stevens Institute of Technology (Stevens) and the University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing (Penn Nursing) were recently funded by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) to use policy flight simulators – pioneered by Stevens—to simulate use of the Transitional Care Model, developed by Penn Nursing. Through this collaborative project, Stevens and Penn Nursing will use floor-to-ceiling surround screens to interactively estimate health benefits and delivery costs, and create an evidence-based model to aid decision-making. The goal is to accelerate decisions to implement the TCM.
The Transitional Care Model addresses the negative effects associated with common breakdowns in care when older adults with complex needs move from an acute care setting to their home or other care setting. It also prepares patients and family caregivers to more effectively manage changes in health associated with multiple chronic illness. Despite much evidence showing the effectiveness of the transitional care model to reduce costs and increase quality of care, health systems, payers and purchasers have been slow to adopt it.
“Chronic illness is a major health challenge confronting millions of older adults and their family caregivers, and will continue to have a major impact on healthcare delivery for the foreseeable future,” said Mary Naylor, PhD, FAAN, RN, the Marian S. Ware Professor in Gerontology, and Director of the NewCourtland Center for Transitions and Health at Penn Nursing.” Our team hopes to show through this simulation the efficiency and effectiveness of the transitional care model in response to the challenges faced by health care organizations in the United States.”
Policy flight simulators fuse aspects of multiple scientific disciplines with visualization to provide decision makers with a comprehensive understanding of the consequences of interventions on each major stakeholder. By actively engaging a diverse range of decision makers in the design and pilot testing of the simulation, researchers will create a model that anticipates and aligns with emerging health care delivery and payment models, and is customizable to local contextual factors.
“Our modeling and simulation methods will enable payers to fly the future before they invest,” said William B. Rouse, PhD, the Alexander Crombie Humphreys Professor in the School of Systems and Enterprises and Director of the Center for Complex Systems and Enterprises at Stevens. “Our experience has been that once decision makers get to ‘live’ the capabilities of TCM, they will willingly participate in the program, resulting in enormous healthcare benefits.”
Despite TCM’s proven value, it has been difficult to convince decision makers to implement this model. Major barriers to widespread implementation include:
• perceptions that the model works only in randomized clinical trials;
• it is complex and costly;
• the model requires upfront investment that benefit others downstream; and
• it is not adaptable to local issues.
“Time and time again we struggle with the challenge of spreading evidence-based models that have the potential to improve health and healthcare,” said RWJF director Lori Melichar. “By combining cutting-edge design and technology with the science of decision-making, the Foundation is exploring the question of whether simulation tools can accelerate the spread of programs like the Transitional Care Model that are proven to work.”
This project will provide a robust case study on the development and application of the simulation, which will generate key lessons to aid decision making in diverse organizations to adopt or adapt a range of evidence-based interventions.
The Stevens Team
In addition to Rouse, the Stevens team includes: Michael Pennock, PhD, Assistant Professor, Enterprise Science and Engineering Division and Associate Director of the Center for Complex Systems and Enterprises; Annie Yu, Assistant Professor, Enterprise Science and Engineering Division; and Kara Pepe, PhD student and Director of Industry and Government Relations.
The Penn Nursing Team
In addition to Naylor, the Penn Nursing team includes: Karen Hirschman, PhD, MSW
NewCourtland Term Chair in Health Transitions Research and Research Associate Professor of Nursing; Mark Pauly, Professor of Health Care Management & Professor of Business Economics and Public Policy at Wharton School of Business.
About Stevens Institute of Technology
Stevens Institute of Technology, The Innovation University®, is a premier, private research university situated in Hoboken, N.J. overlooking the Manhattan skyline. Founded in 1870, technological innovation has been the hallmark and legacy of Stevens’ education and research programs for 145 years. Within the university’s three schools and one college, more than 6,800 undergraduate and graduate students collaborate with more than 380 faculty members in an interdisciplinary, student-centric, entrepreneurial environment to advance the frontiers of science and leverage technology to confront global challenges. Stevens is home to three national research centers of excellence, as well as joint research programs focused on critical industries such as healthcare, energy, finance, defense, maritime security, STEM education and coastal sustainability.
About the University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing
The University of Pennsylvania School Of Nursing is one of the world’s leading schools of nursing and is ranked the #1 graduate nursing school in the United States by U.S. News & World Report. Penn Nursing is consistently among the nation’s top recipients of nursing research funding from the National Institutes of Health. Penn Nursing prepares nurse scientists and nurse leaders to meet the health needs of a global society through research, education, and practice.