Edoxaban, DU-176b
Daiichi Sankyo receives FDA approval for anti-clotting drug Savaysa
Japanese drug-maker Daiichi Sankyo has obtained approval from US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for its anti-clotting drug Savaysa (edoxaban tablets)..8 JAN 2015
Daiichi Sankyo, APPROVED IN JAPAN as tosylate monohydrate salt in 2011 for the prevention of venous embolism in patients undergoing total hip replacement surgery
for synthesis see….http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0968089613002642 Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 21 (2013) 2795–2825, see s[pecific page 2808 for description ie 14/31 of pdf
WO 2010071121, http://www.google.com/patents/WO2010071121A1
WO 2007032498
N’-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)-N-[(1S,2R,4S)-4-(dimethylcarbamoyl)-2-[(5-methyl-6,7-dihydro-4H-[1,3]thiazolo[5,4-c]pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]cyclohexyl]oxamide
N1-(5-Chloropyridin-2-yl)-N2-((1S,2R,4S)-4-[(dimethylamino)carbonyl]-2-{[(5-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothiazolo[5,4-c]pyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]amino}cyclohexyl)ethanediamide
Edoxaban (INN, codenamed DU-176b, trade name Lixiana) is an anticoagulant drug which acts as a direct factor Xa inhibitor. It is being developed by Daiichi Sankyo. It was approved in July 2011 in Japan for prevention of venous thromboembolisms (VTE) following lower-limb orthopedic surgery.[1]
In animal studies, edoxaban is potent, selective for factor Xa and has good oral bioavailability.[2]
Daichi Sankyo’s edoxaban tosilate is an orally administered
coagulation factor Xa inhibitor that was approved and launched
in Japan for the preventive treatment of venous thromboembolic
events (VTE) in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty, total
hip arthroplasty, or hip fracture surgery. Edoxaban has been
shown to have a rapid onset of anticoagulant effect due to short
Tmax (1–2 h) after dosing and sustained for up to 24 h post-dose.
Marketed under the brand name Lixiana, it is currently in phase
III studies in the US for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolic
events in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and venous
thromboembolism (VTE).
Several Phase II clinical trials have been conducted, for example for thromboprophylaxis after total hip replacement[3] (phase III early results compare well to enoxaparin[4]), and for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation[5][6].Those papers follow similar recent major trials showing similar results for the other new factor Xa inhibitors, rivaroxaban and apixaban.
A large phase III trial showed that edoxaban was non inferior to warfarin in preventing recurrent venous thromboembolic events with fewer episodes of major bleeding.[7]
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http://www.google.com/patents/WO2014081047A1?cl=en
Chemically, edoxaban is
N1- (5-chloropyridin-2-yl) -N2- ( (IS, 2R/4S) -4- [ (dimethylamino) carbo nyl] -2- { [ ( 5-methyl-4 , 5,6, 7-tetrahydrothiazolo [5 , 4-c] pyridin-2-yl ) carbonyl] amino}eyelohexyl) ethanediamide , represented by the following formula (A) :
(A) The p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate salt of compound A is represented b the following formula (B) :
(B)
Edoxaban is known as a compound that exhibits an inhibitory effect on activated blood coagulation factor X (also referred to as activated factor X or FXa) , and is useful as a preventive and/or therapeutic drug for thrombotic diseases.
Several processes are known in the literature for preparing edoxaban for example, U.S. Patent No. 7365205; U.S. Publication No . 20090105491.
U.S. Patent No. 7365205 provides a process for the preparation of edoxaban, wherein the process involves the use of
(IS, 4S, 5S) -4-iodo-6-oxabicyclo [3.2.1] octan-7-one, represented by the following formula (C) :
(C)
as an intermediate.
The present inventors have identified that
(IS, 4S, 5S) -4-bromo-6-oxabicyclo [3.2.1] octan-7-one, represented by the following formula (I) :
( I )
could also be used as an intermediate for the preparation of FXa inhibitory compounds like edoxaban. The present inventors have found that replacement of
(IS, 4S, 5S) -4-iodo-6-oxabicyclo [3.2.1] octan-7-one (C) with
(IS, 4S, 5S) -4-bromo-6-oxabicyclo [3.2.1] octan-7-one (I) has a better atom economy and also an impact on cost.
A method for the synthesis of the
(IS, 4S, 5S) -4 -bromo- 6 -oxabicyclo [3.2.1] octan-7-one (I) was reported in Tetrahedron Letters, 51, (2010) Pages 3433-3435 which involves the reaction of ( IS) -cyclohex-3 -ene- 1-carboxylic acid represented by the following formula (II) :
( Π )
with N-bromosuccinimide in the presence of molecular sieves using dichloromethane as a solvent. However, this reaction is carried out in dark over a period of 7 hours and does not provide a pure product .
Tetrahedron, Vol. 28, Pages 3393 -3399 , 1972 provides a process for the preparation of 4 -bromo- 6 -oxabicyclo [3.2.1] octan-7-one which involves the addition of 20% excess of a 2M solution of bromine in chloroform to a stirred solution of cyclohex- 3 -ene- 1-carboxylic acid (0.04 mol) in chloroform (250 mL) in the absence of a base . Extraction with aqueous sodium bicarbonate followed by acidification gave, after extraction with ether and evaporation of the extract, a mixture of cis & trans 3 , 4-dibromocyclohexanecarboxylic acid (6.7 g) and evaporation of the chloroform layer afforded the bromolactone (0.59 g) . It further provides a process for the preparation of
4 -bromo-6 -oxabicyclo [3.2.1] octan-7-one which involves the treating of cyclohex-3-ene-l-carboxylic acid (0.08 mol) dissolved in chloroform (450 mL) with 20% excess bromine in the presence of an equimolar amount of triethylamine (8.1 g) . After extraction of the amine with 2N hydrochloric acid, and work-up, bromolactone (10.7 g) and a mixture of cis & trans 3 , 4 -dibromocyclohexanecarboxylic acid (6.6 g) were obtained.
Tetrahedron Vol. 48, No. 3, Pages 539-544, 1992 provides a process for the preparation of
(IS, 4S, 5S) -4-bromo-6-oxabicyclo [3.2.1] octan-7-one (I) which involves the addition of 1M solution of bromine in chloroform (30 mL) at 0°C to a solution of ( IS) -cyclohex-3 -ene- 1-carboxylic acid (0.024 mol) of formula (II) in chloroform (600 mL) in the presence of an equimolar amount of triethylamine (3.33 mL) . After work-up, the crude bromolactone obtained was recrystallized from petroleum ether.
However, bromination using bromine does not provide a pure product in good yield.
Heterocycles, Vol. 23, No. 8, Pages 2035-2039, 1985 provides a process for the 4-bromo-6-oxabicyclo [3.2.1] octan-7-one which involves the addition of cyclohex-3-ene-l-carboxylic acid (1.0 mM) in 1 , 2 -dimethoxyethane (2 mL) to a stirred solution of 90% Lead (IV) acetate (1.1 or 2.2 mM) in 1 , 2 -dimethoxyethane (4 mL) followed by the addition of Zinc bromide (2.2 mM) in 1 , 2 -dimethoxyethane (4 mL) and continuing the stirring for 10-30 minutes at 0°C . The reaction mixture was poured into a solution of ice-cold water (30 mL) and 10% hydrochloric acid (10 mL) , and extracted with ether (50 mL X 3) . The combined ether extract was washed successively with saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate solution (20 mL) , 10% sodium thiosulphate solution (5 mL) , and brine (10 mL) , and dried over sodium sulphate. Evaporation of the solvent gave crude lactone which were separated and purified (42% yield) . However, this reaction does not provide a pure product in good yield.
Heterocycles, Vol. 31, No. 6, Pages 987-991, 1990 provides a method for bromolactonization using a
dimethylsulfoxide-trimethylsilyl bromide-amine system. The bromolactonization is carried out for 10 to 72 hours using different solvents and triethylamine or diisopropylethyl amine as base. However, this process does not provide a product in high yield. Further the process afforded the cis isomer exclusively. Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1:
Organic and Bio-Organic Chemistry (1972-1999) (1994) , (7) , Pages 847-851 provides a method for bromolactonization using a
dimethylsulfoxide-trimethylsilyl bromide-amine system. The bromolactonization is carried out for 12 hours using
dimethylsulfoxide and chloroform solvent system and triethylamine or diisopropylethyl amine as base. However, this process resulted in a low yield of about 55%. Citation List
Patent Literature
PTLl: U.S. Patent No. 7365205
PTL2: U.S. Publication No. 20090105491.
Non Patent Reference
NPLl: Feng Chen et al . , Tetrahedron Letters, 51, (2010) Pages 3433-3435.
NPL2 : G. Belluci et al . , Tetrahedron, Vol. 28, No. 13, Pages 3393-3399, 1972.
NPL3 : Marco Chini et al ., Tetrahedron Vol .48, No. 3, Pages 539-544 , 1992.
NPL4 : Y. Fujimoto et al . , Heterocycles , Vol. 23, No. 8, Pages 2035-2039, 1985.
NPL5: C. Iwata et al . , Heterocycles, Vol. 31, No. 6, Pages 987-991, 1990. -
NPL6 : K. Miyashita et al . , Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1: Organic and Bio-Organic Chemistry (1972-1999) (1994) , (7) , Pages 847-851.
Summary of Invention
Technical Problem
It is an object of the present invention to solve the problems associated with the prior art, and to provide an improved and efficient method for the preparation of
(IS, 4S, 5S) -4-bromo-6-oxabicyclo [3.2.1] octan-7-one of formula (I).
Solution to Problem As a result of conducting diligent studies to attain the object, the present inventors have found that: surprisingly, the use of N-bromosuccinimide or bromohydantoin (representative is
1, 3-dibromo-5, 5-dimethylhydantoin) as brominating agent in the presence of a base selected from calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide, in specific mole ratios in a solvent selected from the group consisting of dichloromethane , toluene, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, hexanes, cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) or a mixture thereof can efficiently produce a pure
( IS , 4S , 5S) -4 -bromo- 6 -oxabicyclo [3.2.1] octan- 7 -one (I) in better yields. The process provides obvious benefits with respect to economics, convenience to operate at a commercial scale.
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SEE
http://www.google.co.ug/patents/US20090105491
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http://www.google.com/patents/EP2589590A1?cl=en
FREE BASE
(Reference Example 6) N1-(5-Chloropyridin-2-yl)-N2-((1S,2R,4S)-4-[(dimethylamino)carbonyl]-2-{[(5-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothiazolo[5,4-c]pyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]amino}cyclohexyl)ethanediamide (X) (production method described in the pamphlet of International Publication No. WO 2007/032498)
Methanesulfonic acid (66 ml) was added to a suspension of tert-butyl [(1R,2,S,5S)-2-({[(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)amino](oxo)acetyl}amino)-5-(dimethylaminocarbonyl)cyclohexyl]carbamate (5) (95.1 g) in acetonitrile (1900 ml) at room temperature, and the mixture was stirred at this temperature for 2 hours. To the reaction solution, triethylamine (155 ml), 5-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro[1,3]thiazolo[5,4-c]pyrzdine-2-carboxylic acid hydrochloride (8) (52.5 g), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (33.0 g), and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (46.8 g) were added under ice cooling, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. Triethylamine and water were added thereto, and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour under ice cooling. Then, crystals were collected by filtration to obtain the title compound (X) (103.2 g). 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ : 1.60-1.98 (3H, m), 2.00-2.16 (3H, m), 2.52 (3H, s), 2.78-2.90 (3H, m), 2.92-2.98 (2H, m), 2.95 (3H, s), 3.06 (3H, s), 3.69 (1H, d, J = 15.4 Hz), 3.75 (1H, d, J = 15.4 Hz), 4.07-4.15 (1H, m), 4.66-4.72 (1H, m), 7.40 (1H, dd, J = 8.8, 0.6 Hz), 7. 68 (1H, dd, J = 8.8, 2.4 Hz), 8.03 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz), 8.16 (1H, dd, J = 8.8, 0.6 Hz), 8.30 (1H, dd, J = 2. 4, 0.6 Hz), 9.72 (1H, s). MS (ESI) m/z: 548 (M+H)+.
TOSYLATE
(Reference Example 7) N1-(5-Chloropyridin-2-yl)-N2-((1S,2R,4S)-4-[(dimethylamino)carbonyl]-2-{[(5-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothiazolo[5,4-c]pyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]amino}cyclohexyl)ethanediamide mono-p-toluenesulfonate monohydrate (X-a) (production method described in the pamphlet of International Publication No. WO 2007/032498)
N1-(5-Chloropyridin-2-yl)-N2-((1S,2R,4S)-4-[(dimethylamino)carbonyl]-2-{[(5-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothiazolo[5,4-c]pyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]amino}cyclohexyl)ethanediamide (X) (6.2 g) was dissolved in methylene chloride (120 ml). To the solution, a 1 mol/L solution of p-toluenesulfonic acid in ethanol (11.28 ml) was added, and the solvent was distilled off. To the residue, 15% hydrous ethanol (95 ml) was added, and the mixture was dissolved by stirring at 60°C. Then, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and stirred for 1 day. The precipitated crystals were collected by filtration, washed with ethanol, and then dried under reduced pressure at room temperature for 2 hours to obtain the title compound (X-a) (7.4 g).
1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ : 1. 45-1. 54 (1H, m), 1.66-1.78 (3H, m), 2.03-2.10 (2H, m), 2.28 (3H, s), 2.79 (3H, s), 2.91-3.02 (1H, m), 2.93 (3H, s), 2.99 (3H, s), 3.13-3.24 (2H, m), 3.46-3.82 (2H, m), 3.98-4.04 (1H, m), 4.43-4.80 (3H, m), 7.11 (2H, d, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.46 (2H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 8.01 (2H, d, J = 1.8 Hz), 8.46 (1H, t, J = 1.8 Hz), 8.75 (1H, d, J = 6.9 Hz), 9.10-9.28 (1H, br), 10.18 (1H, br), 10.29 (1H, s).
MS (ESI) m/z: 548 (M+H)+.
Anal.: C24H30ClN7O4S·C7H8O3S·H2O
Theoretical: C; 50.43, H; 5.46, N; 13.28, Cl; 4.80, S; 8.69.
Found: C; 50.25, H; 5.36, N; 13.32, Cl; 4.93, S; 8.79. mp (dec.): 245-248°C.
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http://www.google.com/patents/EP2589590A1?cl=en
A compound represented by the following formula (X) [hereinafter, also referred to as compound (X)] or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, or a hydrate thereof is a compound that exhibits an FXa inhibitory effect, as disclosed in Patent Literatures 1 to 3, and is useful as a preventive and/or therapeutic drug for thrombotic and/or embolic diseases:
The pamphlet of International Publication No. WO 2007/032498discloses a process for preparing an FXa inhibitor compound (X) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, or a hydrate thereof. The process for producing compound (X) disclosed therein involves, as shown in [Scheme A] below, azidifying compound (2) to produce azide compound (3), subsequently reducing compound (3) into amino compound (1a), subsequently treating compound (1a) with anhydrous oxalic acid to obtain compound (1), which is then treated with compound (4) (ethyl[5-chloropyridin-2-yl]amino](oxo)acetate hydrochloride) in the presence of a base to produce compound (5), followed by several steps from compound (5). This pamphlet also discloses crystals of the oxalate of compound (1) as a production intermediate.
wherein Boc represents a tert-butoxycarbonyl group.
Citation ListPatent Literatures
Patent Literature 1: International Publication No.WO 2004/058715
Patent Literature 2: International Publication No.WO 2003/016302
Patent Literature 3: International Publication No.WO 2003/000680
Patent Literature 4: International Publication No.WO 2007/032498
“First market approval in Japan for LIXIANA (Edoxaban)”. Press Release. Daiichi Sankyo Europe GmbH. 2011-04-22.
Furugohri T, Isobe K, Honda Y, Kamisato-Matsumoto C, Sugiyama N, Nagahara T, Morishima Y, Shibano T (September 2008). “DU-176b, a potent and orally active factor Xa inhibitor: in vitro and in vivo pharmacological profiles”. J. Thromb. Haemost. 6 (9): 1542–9. doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2008.03064.x. PMID 18624979.
Raskob, G.; Cohen, A. T.; Eriksson, B. I.; Puskas, D.; Shi, M.; Bocanegra, T.; Weitz, J. I. (2010). “Oral direct factor Xa inhibition with edoxaban for thromboprophylaxis after elective total hip replacement”. Thrombosis and Haemostasis 104 (3): 642–649. doi:10.1160/TH10-02-0142.PMID 20589317. edit
“Phase III Trial Finds Edoxaban Outclasses Enoxaparin in Preventing Venous Thromboembolic Events”. 8 Dec 2010.
Weitz JI, Connolly SJ, Patel I, Salazar D, Rohatagi S, Mendell J, Kastrissios H, Jin J, Kunitada S (September 2010). “Randomised, parallel-group, multicentre, multinational phase 2 study comparing edoxaban, an oral factor Xa inhibitor, with warfarin for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation”. Thromb. Haemost. 104 (3): 633–41. doi:10.1160/TH10-01-0066.
Edoxaban versus Warfarin in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Robert P. Giugliano, M.D., Christian T. Ruff, M.D., M.P.H., Eugene Braunwald, M.D., Sabina A. Murphy, M.P.H., Stephen D. Wiviott, M.D., Jonathan L. Halperin, M.D., Albert L. Waldo, M.D., Michael D. Ezekowitz, M.D., D.Phil., Jeffrey I. Weitz, M.D., Jindřich Špinar, M.D., Witold Ruzyllo, M.D., Mikhail Ruda, M.D., Yukihiro Koretsune, M.D., Joshua Betcher, Ph.D., Minggao Shi, Ph.D., Laura T. Grip, A.B., Shirali P. Patel, B.S., Indravadan Patel, M.D., James J. Hanyok, Pharm.D., Michele Mercuri, M.D., and Elliott M. Antman, M.D. for the ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 InvestigatorsDOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1310907
“Edoxaban versus Warfarin for the Treatment of Symptomatic Venous Thromboembolism”. N. Engl. J. Med. August 2013. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1306638. PMID 23991658.
WO 03/000657 pamphlet WO 03/000680 pamphlet WO 03/016302 pamphlet WO 04/058715 pamphlet WO 05/047296 pamphlet WO 07/032498 pamphlet WO 08/129846 pamphlet WO 08/156159 pamphlet
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Ohta T, Komoriya S, Yoshino T, et al. Preparation of N,N’-bis( heterocyclicacyl) cycloalkanediamine and heterocyclediamine derivatives as inhibitors of activated blood coagulation factor X (factor Xa): WO, 2003 000657 [P]. 2003-01-03. (CA 2003, 138: 73271)
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Ohta T, Komoriya S, Yoshino T, et al. Preparation of heterocyclic moiety-containing diamine derivatives as FXa inhibitors: WO, 2003 000680 [P]. 2003-01-03. (CA 2003, 138: 89801)
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Mochizuki A, Nagata T. Triamine derivative: WO, 2006106963 [P]. 2005-03-31. (CA 2006, 145: 419128)
[5]
Kawanami K, Ishikawa H, Shoji M. Process for preparation of optically active (1S,3R,4R)-3-amino-4-hydroxy-N,Ndimethylcyclohexanecarboxamide derivative salt: WO, 2012002538 [P]. 2012-01-05. (CA 2012, 156: 122056)
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Sato K, Kubota K. Process for producing optically active carboxylic acid: WO, 2010067824 [P]. 2010-06-17. (CA 2010, 153: 36882)
[7]
Yoshikawa K, Yokomizo A, Naito H, et al. Design, synthesis, and SAR of cis-1,2-diaminocyclohexane derivatives as potent factor Xa inhibitors. Part I: Exploration of 5-6fused rings
[8]
as alternative S1 moieties [J]. Bioorg Med Chem, 2009, 17(24): 8206-8220.
[9]
Sato K, Kawanami K, Yagi T. Process for the preparation of optically active cyclohexane-1,2-diamine derivative from 7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane compound: WO, 2007032498
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Kawanami K. Method for the preparation of optically active diamine derivative: WO, 2010104106 [P]. 2010-09-16. (CA 2010, 153: 406061)
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US8357808
9 Sep 2011
22 Jan 2013
Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited
Process for producing diamine derivative
US8394821
13 Jul 2011
12 Mar 2013
Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited
Activated blood coagulation factor inhibitor
US8404847
17 Jun 2011
26 Mar 2013
Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited
Method for producing diamine derivative
US8449896
16 Dec 2011
28 May 2013
Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited
Pharmaceutical composition having improved solubility
US8541443
19 Sep 2012
24 Sep 2013
Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited
Crystal of diamine derivative and method of producing same
US20130004550 *
22 Aug 2012
3 Jan 2013
Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited
Sustained-release solid preparation for oral use
WO2014081047A1
22 Nov 2013
30 May 2014
Daiichi Sankyo Company,Limited
Process for the preparation of (1s,4s,5s)-4-bromo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1] octan-7-one
Molecular Formula
C24H30ClN7O4S.C7H7HSO3
Molecular Weight
720.26
CAS Registry Number
480449-71-6 (912273-65-5)
Drug formulation , lixiana, edoxaban tosylate monohydrate, CAS 912273-65-5, C24 H30 Cl N7 O4 S . C7 H8 O3 S . H2 O, 738.274
N1-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)-N2-((1S,2R,4S)-4-[(dimethylamino)carbonyl]-2-{[(5-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothiazolo[5,4-c]pyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]amino}cyclohexyl)ethanediamide p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate represented by the following formula (A) (hereinafter, also referred to as compound A) :
is known as a compound that exhibits an inhibitory effect on activated blood coagulation factor X (FXa), and is useful as a preventive and/or therapeutic drug for thrombotic diseases (Patent Literature 1 to 8).
For example, a method comprising mixing the free form of compound A represented by the following formula (B) (hereinafter, also referred to as compound B):
with p-toluenesulfonic acid or p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate, followed by crystallization from aqueous ethanol, is known as a method for obtaining compound A (Patent Literature 1 to 8). These literature documents do not make any mention about adding p-toluenesulfonic acid or p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate in a stepwise manner in the step of obtaining compound A from compound B.
Citation ListPatent Literature
Patent Literature 1: International Publication No. WO 03/000657
Patent Literature 2: International Publication No. WO 03/000680
Patent Literature 3: International Publication No. WO 03/016302
Patent Literature 4: International Publication No. WO 04/058715
Patent Literature 5: International Publication No. WO 05/047296
Patent Literature 6: International Publication No. WO 07/032498
Patent Literature 7: International Publication No. WO 08/129846
Patent Literature 8: International Publication No. WO 08/156159
SIMILAR
OTHER SALTS
Edoxaban hydrochloride
CAS Number: 480448-29-1
Molecular Formula: C24H30ClN7O4S · HCl
Molecular Weight: 584.52 g.mol-1
Edoxaban is reported to be a member of the so-called “Xaban-group” and as such to be a low molecular inhibitor of the enzyme factor Xa, participating in the blood coagulation system. Therefore, edoxaban is classified as an antithrombotic drug and its possible medical indications are reported to be treatment of thrombosis and thrombosis prophylaxis after orthopaedic operations, such as total hip replacement, as well as for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation, the prophylaxis of the acute coronary syndrome and the prophylaxis after thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.
The IUPAC name for edoxaban is N’-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)-N-[(15,2^,4S)-4- (dimethylcarbamoyl)-2-[(5-methyl-6,7-dihydro-4H-[l ,3]thiazolo[5,4-c]pyridine-2- carbonyl)amino]cyclohexyl]oxamide. The chemical structure of edoxaban is shown in the formula (1) below:
formula ( 1 ) While Edoxaban is reported to be soluble in strongly acidic aqueous solutions, its solubility is considered to be very low in neutral or alkaline aqueous media. EP 2 140 867 A 1 claims an edoxaban-containing pharmaceutical composition comprising a water-swelling additive and/or a sugar alcohol. Further, it is alleged that compositions comprising lactose or cornstarch do not have good dissolution properties. The claimed pharmaceutical compositions in EP 2 140 867 Al are considered to show good dissolution properties in a neutral aqueous medium as well. Tablets comprising said composition were produced by wet granulation. However, it turned out that prior art pharmaceutical formulations comprising edoxaban being suitable for oral administration are still improvable with regards to dissolution rate and bioavailability. Further, stability and content uniformity of the known formulations could be improved. Further, due to the intolerance of many people to sugar alcohol(s), such as sorbitol, the use of sugar alcohol(s) should be avoided.
Filed under: FDA 2015 Tagged: Daiichi Sankyo, edoxaban, FDA 2015