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In August 2001 the [http://www.airportsindia.org.in Airports Authority of India] and the [http://www.isro.org Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO)] reached an agreement for the establishment of the GAGAN system.<ref>Grewal et al., ''Global positioning systems, inertial navigation, and integration'', Wiley-Interscience, 2007</ref>
In August 2001 the [http://www.airportsindia.org.in Airports Authority of India] and the [http://www.isro.org Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO)] reached an agreement for the establishment of the GAGAN system.<ref>Grewal et al., ''Global positioning systems, inertial navigation, and integration'', Wiley-Interscience, 2007</ref>
-
The development plan consists of
three
different phases:<ref name="
GAGAN_COSPAR
">[http://
www.oosa.unvienna
.org/pdf/icg/
2008
/
expert/2
-
3
.pdf ''IRNSS and GAGAN status Presentation'']
COSPAR Meeting
,
Montreal
,
July 2008
</ref>
+
The development plan consists of
two
different phases:<ref name="
GAGAN_ICG8
">[http://
unoosa
.org/pdf/icg/
2013
/
icg
-
8/5
.pdf ''IRNSS and GAGAN status Presentation'']
S. Sayeenathan, ICG-8
,
DUBAI
,
November 2013
</ref>
-
# Technology Demonstration System (TDS)
.
+
#Technology Demonstration System (TDS)
;
-
# Initial Experimental Phase (IEP)
.
+
# Initial Experimental Phase (IEP)
;
#Final Operational phase (FOP).
#Final Operational phase (FOP).
-
The TDS phase was completed in August 2007 using the navigation payload of the INMARSAT 4F1 satellite. The Initial Experimental Phase (IEP), planned to be finished by 2009, is
still under implementation due to a series of delays
.
+
The TDS phase was completed in August 2007 using the navigation payload of the INMARSAT 4F1 satellite. The Initial Experimental Phase (IEP),
initially
planned to be finished by 2009, is
currently being implemented concurrently with TDS Phase
.
On 15 April 2010, it was attempted to launch the first GAGAN navigation payload. The equipment was installed in the satellite, GSAT-4, but, unfortunately, the launch failed and the GEO satellites never reached its nominal orbit<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/news/article398070.ece ''India’s own cryogenic rocket launch fails'']The Hindu news, 15th April 2010</ref>. In May 2011, the GSAT-8 satellite carrying a GAGAN SBAS payload was successfully launched by the Ariane-V launch vehicle of Arianespace from Kourou, French Guiana<ref>[http://www.gpsworld.com/gnss-system/augmentation-assistance/news/india-successfully-launches-gagan-sbas-satellite-11664 India Successfully Launches GAGAN SBAS satellite, GPSWorld, May 2011]</ref>. Later on 28 September 2012, another Ariane 5 rocket successfully launched the India's GSAT-10 satellite which carries the second GAGAN payload<ref>[http://www.insidegnss.com/node/3227 India’s Second GAGAN Payload Heads into Space, InsideGNSS, September 2012]</ref>.
On 15 April 2010, it was attempted to launch the first GAGAN navigation payload. The equipment was installed in the satellite, GSAT-4, but, unfortunately, the launch failed and the GEO satellites never reached its nominal orbit<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/news/article398070.ece ''India’s own cryogenic rocket launch fails'']The Hindu news, 15th April 2010</ref>. In May 2011, the GSAT-8 satellite carrying a GAGAN SBAS payload was successfully launched by the Ariane-V launch vehicle of Arianespace from Kourou, French Guiana<ref>[http://www.gpsworld.com/gnss-system/augmentation-assistance/news/india-successfully-launches-gagan-sbas-satellite-11664 India Successfully Launches GAGAN SBAS satellite, GPSWorld, May 2011]</ref>. Later on 28 September 2012, another Ariane 5 rocket successfully launched the India's GSAT-10 satellite which carries the second GAGAN payload<ref>[http://www.insidegnss.com/node/3227 India’s Second GAGAN Payload Heads into Space, InsideGNSS, September 2012]</ref>.
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</gallery>
</gallery>
-
The main components of the GAGAN Architecture are:<ref name="
GAGAN_COSPAR
"/>
+
The main components of the GAGAN Architecture are:<ref name="
GAGAN_ICG8
"/>
-
*Space segment: three operational GEO satellites<ref name="
GSAT8
">[http://www.
geospatialworld
.
net
/
index
.
php?option=com_content&view=article&id=22261%3Aindias-gsat-8-satellite-to-help-gagan&catid=80%3Amiscellaneous-satellite-launch&Itemid=1 ''India’s GSAT-8 satellite to help GAGAN''
,
Geospatial World
]</ref><ref>[http://www.isro.org/scripts/futureprogramme.aspx Future Programme, Indian Space Research Organization]</ref> The GSAT-8
satellite was
successfully launched in March 2011 and
the other two are expected
to be launched
in 2012/ 2013 time frame.
<ref name="
GSAT8
"/>
+
*Space segment: three operational GEO satellites<ref name="
currProg
">[http://www.
isro
.
org
/
scripts/currentprogrammein
.
aspx#Navigation Current Programme
,
Indian Space Research Organization
]</ref><ref
name=" futProg"
>[http://www.isro.org/scripts/futureprogramme.aspx
#Forth
Future Programme, Indian Space Research Organization]</ref>
:
The GSAT-8
and GSAT-10 satellites were
successfully launched in March 2011 and
April 2012, respectively. The remaining satellite is schedule
to be launched
during 2014 aboard an Arianne 5 launch vehicle
<ref name="
futProg
"/>
<ref>[http://www.arianespace.com/news-press-release/2013/11-14-2013-GSAT-contract.asp "Arianespace to launch GSAT 15 and GSAT 16 satellites for India", Evry, November 14, 2013]</ref>.
-
*Ground segment: On the ground, the GPS data is received and processed in the
8
Indian Reference Stations (INRES), located at
Delhi,
Ahmedabad,
Bangalore
,
Thiruvananthapuram
, Kolkata, Guwahati,
Port Blair and
Jammu.
<ref name="GAGAN_COSPAR"/>
The Indian Master Control Center (INMCC)
,
located
at
Bangalore, processes the data from the INRESs to compute the differential corrections and the estimate of its level of integrity. The SBAS message generated by the INMCC is uplinked to the GEO
satellite
through its corresponding Indian Land Uplink Station (INLUS)
.
<ref name=
"INDIA_CURRENT
>[http://
indiacurrentaffairs
.
org
/
gagan-the-satellite-based-navigation-system
/
GAGAN
: The Satellite Based Navigation System
, India
Current Affairs
,
August 10
,
2010
]</ref>
In its operational configuration, GAGAN will have 15 INRES, two INMCC, and three INLUS. The additional INRES will be located in Indore, Bhuj, Amritsar, Chennai, Nagpur, Lucknow and Visakhapatnam.
<ref name=GAGAN_SIS_TEST>[http://www.bangkok.icao.int/meetings/2009/nsfvfp/sp03.pdf A S Ganeshan (ISRO), ''GAGAN Signal In Space – Testing & Utilisation'', August 5-7, 2009]</ref>
+
*Ground segment: On the ground, the GPS data is received and processed in the
15
Indian Reference Stations (INRES), located at Ahmedabad,
Bengaluru
,
Bhubaneswar
, Kolkata
, Delhi, Dibrugarh, Gaya, Goa
, Guwahati,
Jaisalmer,
Jammu
, Nagpur, Porbandar, Portblair, Trivandrum
. The Indian Master Control Center (INMCC)
composed by two sites and
located
in
Bangalore, processes the data from the INRESs to compute the differential corrections and the estimate of its level of integrity. The SBAS message generated by the
two
INMCC is uplinked to the GEO
satellites
through its corresponding Indian Land Uplink Station (INLUS)<ref name=
”GAGAN_RESULTS”
>[http://
www
.
icao.int
/
APAC
/
Meetings/2012_ISTF_1/IP02_India%20AI.4%20-%20Presentation.ppt C.L.Indi (
GAGAN
)
,
Surendra Sunda (GAGAN), Airports Authority of
India,
"GAGAN - Ionospheric data collection and analysis over Indian region - Recent results"
,
First Meeting of ionospheric Studies Task Force (ISTF/1) 27th -29th Feb 2012
]</ref><ref name=GAGAN_SIS_TEST>[http://www.bangkok.icao.int/meetings/2009/nsfvfp/sp03.pdf A S Ganeshan (ISRO), ''GAGAN Signal In Space – Testing & Utilisation'', August 5-7, 2009]</ref>
.
*User segment: GAGAN-enabled GPS receivers, with the same technology as [[WAAS Receivers]], capable to use the GAGAN Signal-in-Space (SIS). User equipment for civil aviation shall be certified against several standards (see article [[SBAS Standards]]).
*User segment: GAGAN-enabled GPS receivers, with the same technology as [[WAAS Receivers]], capable to use the GAGAN Signal-in-Space (SIS). User equipment for civil aviation shall be certified against several standards (see article [[SBAS Standards]]).
-
The company Raytheon was awarded in 2009
of
the contract to
build
the
complete GAGAN
system.<ref>[http://www.insidegnss.com/node/1604 ''ISRO Extends Raytheon Contract for GAGAN GPS Augmentation System''] Inside GNSS News July 2009</ref>
+
The company Raytheon was awarded in 2009
with
the contract to
modernize
the
Indian air navigation
system
. Raytheaon was responsible for building the Ground Sations being supplied by some ground equipments by ISRO
.<ref>[http://www.insidegnss.com/node/1604 ''ISRO Extends Raytheon Contract for GAGAN GPS Augmentation System''] Inside GNSS News July 2009</ref>
==GAGAN Signals and Performances==
==GAGAN Signals and Performances==
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The approach followed in the GAGAN system is to cope with some of these phenomena at the user receiver level.<ref name=GAGAN_SIS_TEST/>
The approach followed in the GAGAN system is to cope with some of these phenomena at the user receiver level.<ref name=GAGAN_SIS_TEST/>
-
-
==Notes==
-
<references group="footnotes"/>
==References==
==References==