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Prince Buster

2014-05-08

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'''Cecil Bustamente Campbell''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_Distinction OD] (born 24 May 1938, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston,_Jamaica Kingston, Jamaica]), better known by the stage name '''Prince Buster''', is a Jamaican singer-songwriter and producer. He also has the Muslim name '''Muhammed Yusef Ali'''. He is regarded as one of the most important figures in the history of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ska ska] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocksteady rocksteady] music. The records he released in the 1960s influenced and shaped the course of Jamaican contemporary music and created a legacy of work that later [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reggae reggae] and ska artists would draw upon.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Buster#cite_note-Rodigan-1 [1]]





==Contents==

 [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Buster# hide]] *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Buster#Early_life 1 Early life]

*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Buster#Career 2 Career]

**[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Buster#1960s 2.1 1960s]

**[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Buster#1970s_to_present 2.2 1970s to present]

*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Buster#Legacy 3 Legacy]

*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Buster#Album_discography 4 Album discography]

*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Buster#UK_hit_singles 5 UK hit singles]

*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Buster#References 6 References]

*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Buster#External_links 7 External links]





==Early life<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.25em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;">[[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prince_Buster&action=edit&section=1&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro edit]]==

Cecil Bustamente Campbell was born on Orange Street in Kingston, Jamaica, on 24 May 1938.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Buster#cite_note-Barrow-2 [2]] His middle name was given to him by his family in honour of the Labour activist and first post-Independence Prime Minister [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Bustamante William Alexander Clarke Bustamante].[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Buster#cite_note-Rodigan-1 [1]] In the early 1940s Campbell was sent to live with his grandmother in rural Jamaica where his family's commitment to the Christian faith gave him his earliest musical experiences in the form of church singing as well as private family prayer and hymn meetings.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Buster#cite_note-Barrow-2 [2]] Returning to live at Orange Street while still a young boy, Campbell attended the Central Branch School and St. Anne's School. While at school Campbell performed three or four times a week at the Glass Bucket Club as part of Frankie Lymon's Sing and Dance Troupe; rock 'n' roll themed shows were popular during the 1950s, with the Glass Bucket Club establishing a reputation as the premier music venue and social club for Jamaican teenagers at that time.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Buster#cite_note-Rodigan-1 [1]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Buster#cite_note-Gooden2003-3 [3]] Upon leaving school he found himself drawn to the ranks of followers that supported the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_system_(Jamaican) sound system] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_the_Great_Sebastian Tom the Great Sebastian]. Jamaican sound systems at that time were playing American rhythm 'n' blues and Campbell credits Tom the Great Sebastian with his first introduction to the songs and artists that would later influence his own music: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Clovers The Clovers]' "Middle of the Night", Fats Domino's "Mardi Gras in New Orleans", the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griffin_Brothers Griffin Brothers] featuring [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margie_Day Margie Day], and Shirley & Lee.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Buster#cite_note-Rodigan-1 [1]]

==Career<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.25em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;">[[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prince_Buster&action=edit&section=2&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro edit]]==

Campbell became more actively involved in the operational side of running a sound system after he was introduced to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coxsone_Dodd Clement 'Coxsone' Dodd]; a musically-inclined businessman who operated one of Kingston's most popular sound systems. Campbell found himself fulfilling a variety of roles for Coxsone: providing security, handling ticket receipts, identifying and sourcing music as well as working in the essential role of selector. The knowledge he gained about the financial and logistical aspects of staging a sound system dance was put to good use when Campbell made the decision to start his own sound system called 'Voice of the People'.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Buster#cite_note-Rodigan-1 [1]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Buster#cite_note-Barrow-2 [2]]Campbell approached his family and a radio shop owner called Mr Wong for financial backing; both parties agreed. Campbell's 'Voice of the People' sound system was soon operational and within a short time had established itself as a rival to the sound systems of Coxsone and Reid.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Buster#cite_note-Barrow-2 [2]] Campbell applied to the Farm Work Program (guest worker scheme for the US agricultural sector) with the intention of buying music for his sound system but on the day of departure was refused entry into the scheme. Knowing that he wouldn't be able to personally source records from the US, Campbell decided to record his own music. He approached Arkland "Drumbago" Parks, a professional drummer at the Baby Grand Club who had arranged and recorded a special (exclusive recording) for the Count Boysie sound system. Drumbago agreed to help and Campbell immediately began rehearsing with the musicians at the Baby Grand Club, including the guitarist Jah Jerry, who played on Campbell's first recording session.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Buster#cite_note-JahJerry-4 [4]]

===1960s[[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prince_Buster&action=edit&section=3&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro edit]]===

In 1961, Campbell released his first single "Little Honey/Luke Lane Shuffle" featuring Jah Jerry, Drumbago and Rico Rodriquez recording under the name of Buster's Group.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Buster#cite_note-Katz-5 [5]] In that same year, he produced "[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oh_Carolina Oh Carolina]" by the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folkes_Brothers Folkes Brothers], which was released on his Wild Bells label.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Buster#cite_note-Barrow-2 [2]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Buster#cite_note-Music-6 [6]] The drumming on the record was provided by members of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Count_Ossie Count Ossie Group], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyabinghi_rhythm nyabinghi] drummers from the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rastafarian Rastafarian]community, Camp David, situated on the Wareika Hill above Kingston. After becoming a hit in Jamaica, "Oh Carolina" was licensed to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melodisc_Records Melodisc], a UK label owned by Emil Shalet. Melodisc released the track on their subsidiary label [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Beat Blue Beat]; the label would go on to become synonymous with 1960s ska releases for the UK market.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Buster#cite_note-Barrow-2 [2]]

Campbell recorded prolifically throughout the 1960s; notable early ska releases include: "Madness" (1963), "Wash Wash" (1963 with [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Ranglin Ernest Ranglin] on bass), "One Step Beyond" (1964) and "Al Capone" (1964). The documentary ''This is Ska'' (1964), hosted by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Seaga Edward Seaga] and filmed at the Sombrero Club, includes Campbell performing his Jamaican hit "Wash Wash". In 1964 Campbell met [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heavyweight_Champion World Heavyweight Champion] boxer[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Ali Muhammad Ali] who invited him to attend a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nation_of_Islam Nation of Islam] talk at Mosque 29 in Miami.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Buster#cite_note-7 [7]] That year Campbell joined the Nation of Islam and also started to release material on his own imprint label called "Islam". In 1965 he appeared in ''Millie in Jamaica'' (a film short about [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millie_(singer) Millie Small's] return to Jamaica after the world-wide success of "My Boy Lollipop") which was broadcast on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rediffusion_London Rediffusion's] Friday evening pop show ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ready_Steady_Go! Ready, Steady, Go!]''. Campbell had a Top Twenty hit in the UK with the single "Al Capone" (#18, February 1967).[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Buster#cite_note-British_Hit_Singles_.26_Albums-8 [8]] He toured the UK in spring 1967 appearing at the Marquee club in May and later toured America to promote the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA_Victor RCA Victor] LP release ''The Ten Commandments (From Man To Woman)''.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Buster#cite_note-9 [9]] By the late 1960s Campbell was once again at the forefront of a musical change in Jamaica; the new music would be called rocksteady. Campbell tracks like "Shaking Up Orange Street" (1967) were arranged with the slower, more soulful rocksteady template as used by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alton_Ellis Alton Ellis] ("Rock Steady") and many others. The album ''Judge Dread Rock Steady'' was released in 1967, and the title track "Judge Dread" with its satirical theme and vocal style proved to be popular to the point of parody. In 1968 the compilation album ''FABulous'' was released, opening with the track "Earthquake" (which revisited the theme of Orange Street) and including earlier hits. The album has regularly been reissued in the UK.

===1970s to present[[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prince_Buster&action=edit&section=4&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro edit]]===

In 1972 the movie ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Harder_They_Come The Harder They Come]'' was released which features Campbell in a cameo role as a DJ.

In 1994 a UK[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Buster#cite_note-ChangPH.1998-10 [10]] court ruled in favour of John Folkes and Greensleeves after they brought a lawsuit against Campbell and Melodisc (CampbelI by this time had acquired Melodisc) concerning authorship of "Oh Carolina".[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Buster#cite_note-Inc.1994-11 [11]] Campbell had a Top Thirty hit in the UK with the track "Whine and Grine" (#21, April 1998) after the song had been used in an advert for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levi_Strauss_%26_Co. Levi's].[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Buster#cite_note-12 [12]]

In 2001 Campbell was awarded the Order of Distinction by the Jamaican Government for his contribution to music.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Buster#cite_note-13 [13]] He performed at the 2002 Legends Of Ska festival in Toronto.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Buster#cite_note-14 [14]] Other appearances include:[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra_Nevada_World_Music_Festival Sierra Nevada World Music Festival] in 2003;[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Buster#cite_note-15 [15]] the 2006 Boss Sounds Reggae Festival in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne Newcastle upon Tyne],[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Buster#cite_note-16 [16]] the 40th [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreux_Jazz_Festival Montreux Jazz Festival] in Switzerland with the Delroy Williams Junction Band,[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Buster#cite_note-17 [17]] and the 2007 UK [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythm_Festival Rhythm Festival].[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Buster#cite_note-18 [18]] Campbell currently resides in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miami,_Florida Miami], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida Florida].

==Legacy<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.25em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;">[[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prince_Buster&action=edit&section=5&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro edit]]==

The UK ska revival at the end of the 1970s that started with the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-Tone 2-Tone] label from Coventry introduced Campbell's music to a new generation of listeners. In 1979 the band [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madness_(band) Madness] released their first single on 2-Tone, a tribute to Campbell called "[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Prince_(song) The Prince]". The B-side was a cover of the Campbell song "Madness" from which they took their name. Their second single, released on the Stiff label ("The Prince" would be the only single released by Madness on the 2-Tone label), was a cover of Campbell's "[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Step_Beyond_(song) One Step Beyond]", which reached the UK Top 10.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Buster#cite_note-19 [19]] On their self-titled [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Specials_(album) debut album], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Specials The Specials] covered "Too Hot" and borrowed elements from Campbell's "Judge Dread" (in the song "Stupid Marriage") and "Al Capone" (in the song "Gangsters"). The Specials also included a cover of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enjoy_Yourself_(1948_song) "Enjoy Yourself"] on their second album ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/More_Specials More Specials]''. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Beat The Beat] covered "Rough Rider" and "Whine & Grine" on their album [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Just_Can%27t_Stop_It_(album) ''I Just Can't Stop It'']. Campbell's song "Hard Man Fe Dead" was covered by the U.S. ska band [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Toasters The Toasters] on their 1996 album ''2 Tone Army''.

==Album discography<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.25em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;">[[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prince_Buster&action=edit&section=6&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro edit]]==

*''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Feel_the_Spirit I Feel the Spirit]'' (1963)

*''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fly_Flying_Ska Fly Flying Ska]'' (1964)

*''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%27s_Burke%27s_Law It's Burke's Law]'' (1965)

*''Pain In My Belly'' (1965)

*''Ska-Lip-Soul'' (1965)

*''What A Hard Man Fe Dead'' (1967)

*''Prince Buster On Tour'' (1967)

*''Judge Dread Rock Steady'' (1967)

*''Ten Commandments'' - RCA (1967)

*''Wreck A Pum Pum'' (1968)

*''Tutti Frutti'' - Melodisc (1968)

*''FABulous Greatest Hits'' - FAB (1968)

*''The Outlaw'' - Blue Beat (1969)

*''Red,red wine'' - Blue Beat (1970)

*''15 Oldies but Goodies'' - FAB

*''Big Five'' - Melodisc (1972)

*''The Message-Dub Wise'' - FAB/Melodisc (1972)

*''Dance Cleopatra Dance'' - Blue Elephant (1972)

*''Chi Chi Run'' - FAB (1973)

*''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sister_Big_Stuff_(Prince_Buster_album) Sister Big Stuff]'' - Melodisc (1976)

*''She Was A Rough Rider'' (1978)

*''Jamaica's Greatest'' - Melodisc

*''Subliminal Reaction'' - Subliminal Reaction

*''FABulous Greatest Hits - 1963-1981'' - Sequel (1993)

*''The Prophet'' (1994)

*''The Original Golden Oldies Volume 1'' (1998)

*''The Original Golden Oldies Volume 2'' (1999)

*''The King of Ska'' (2002)

*''Prince of Peace: Prince Buster with Determinations Live in Japan'' (2003)

==UK hit singles<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.25em;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;">[[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prince_Buster&action=edit&section=7&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro edit]]==

{| class="wikitable" style="margin-right:0px;border-color:rgb(170,170,170);color:black;font-family:sans-serif;line-height:22.399999618530273px;"

!Date

!Song title

![http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UK_Singles_Chart UK Singles Chart] peak[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Buster#cite_note-British_Hit_Singles_.26_Albums-8 [8]]

!Weeks on chart

|-

|23 February 67

|"Al Capone"

| align="center"|18

| align="center"|13

|-

|4 April 98

|"Whine and Grine"

| align="center"|21

| align="center"|3

|}

[[Category:1938 births]]