بحث عن احمد زويل بالفرنساوى ، بحث عن الدكتور احمد زويل باللغة الفرنسية
s and Appointments
Ahmed Zewail is the Linus Pauling Chair professor of chemistry and professor of physics at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). For ten years, he served as the Director of the National Science Foundation's Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (LMS), and is currently the Director of the Moore Foundation's Center for Physical Biology at Caltech.
On April 27, 2009, President Barack Obama appointed him to the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology, and in November of the same year, he was named the First United States Science Envoy to the Middle East.
Nobel World The Voyage →
A. H. Zewail. Voyage Through Time: Walks of Life to the Nobel Prize, American University in Cairo (AUC), Cairo, 2002; so far in 19 languages and editions: English, French, German, Spanish, Romanian, Hungarian, Russian, Arabic, Chinese, Korean, Bahasa Malaysian, Indonesian, Hindi, and Azerbaijani. For detailed reviews of this book see, for example, articles written by W. Sibbett, B. V. McKoy and C. A. McKoy, and M. Chergui.
For this journey on the road to the Nobel prize, I have been asked several times to write a biography, or at least a biographical summary of my life. I declined these invitations. I was of the opinion that a traditional biography should represent a lifetime of work and experience and much effort and time are needed to do it well. In July of 1997 while on a trip to Cairo this strong feeling softened to a more moderate one. I was stimulated to ask a few questions by two books I was reading, one titled A History of Knowledge by Charles van Doren and the other Making Waves by Charles Townes. How did I acquire knowledge? Why did I become a scientist? What are the forces that have determined the walks of my own life? What are the meanings of faith, destiny, and luck? In the attempt to answer such complex questions, I began to sketch my thoughts...
D. L. Smith. Coherent Thinking, Eng. Sci. 62, 7 (1999)
At 5:40 in the doggone morning on Tuesday, October 12, Ahmed Zewail got a phone call. But it wasn't a wrong number or a particularly ambitious aluminum-window salesman—it was the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences informing him he had won the 1999 Nobel Prize in chemistry. The citation reads, in part, that Zewail "is being rewarded for his pioneering investigation of fundamental chemical reactions, using ultra-short laser flashes on the time scale on which the reactions actually occur"...
Conferences and Collaborations →
50 ans du laser dans la ville lumière, Fifty Years of the Laser in the City of Light, Palais du Louvre—École Polytechnique, Paris—Palaiseau, France, June 22-23, 2010.
Under the chairmanship of the inventor of the laser, Prof. Charles H. Townes surrounded by six Nobel Prize winners (Nicolaas Bloembergen, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, John L. Hall, Charles K. Kao, Herbert Kroemer, and Ahmed H. Zewail) and many other personalities in science, economics, technology and medicine, we are celebrating the 50th anniversary of the laser...
Nobelpreisträgerseminar 2009, Fourth Vienna Seminar of Nobel Laureates, Wiener Rathaus, Austria, October 8-9, 2009.
Organized by Universität Wien, Technischen Universität Wien, Universität für Bodenkultur, and the city of Vienna/Wiener Vorlesungen, the Fourth Vienna Seminar of Nobel Laureates was devoted to research in chemistry. Five Nobel Laureates (Robert Huber, Jean-Marie Lehn, Roger Tsien, Kurt Wüthrich, and Ahmed Zewail) were invited to reflect on their work and to share their views on science, innovation, and technology transfer with broader audiences...
Energy in Cosmos, Molecules and Life, Alfred Nobel Symposium, Sånga-Säby Conference Center, Sweden, June 18-22, 2005.
This unique occasion gathers the leading competence from three broad scientific areas to discuss energy issues from an interdisciplinary perspective. This Nobel Symposium is the first to include all of the natural science categories of the Nobel Prize: physics, chemistry and physiology or medicine. The purpose is to create conditions for exchange and interaction, partly between different disciplines and partly between promising young researchers and the world's leading researchers...
Frontiers of Molecular Science, Nobel Centennial Symposium, Friiberghs Manor, Örsundsbro and Stockholm University, Sweden, December 4-7, 2001.
The Nobel Foundation's Symposium program was initiated in 1965. Since that time more than a hundred symposia have taken place. The symposia are devoted to areas of science where breakthroughs are occurring or deal with other topics of primary cultural or social significance. A series of Nobel Centennial Symposia was organized in 2001 to commemorate 100th anniversary of the Nobel prizes given out for world-class accomplishments in physics, chemistry, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine...
Molecular Frontiers, a global effort to promote the understanding and appreciation of molecular science in society.
Molecular Frontiers, a world-wide virtual institute, will seek to strengthen the position of science in society—among the public, in education and among politicians—as a primary approach to describing and analyzing reality. The institute will provide a forum for exchange and analysis of scientific advances and their implications, and will employ various strategies to engage the public in an open dialogue. The institute's activities will promote scientific knowledge in general with special emphasis on the molecular perspective. As knowledge may be considered a right to all, global open access will be a guiding principle...
Science and Technology New Centers →
Zewail City of Science and Technology.
The City, with its three constituents—the University, the Research Institutes, and the Technology Pyramid—is designed to bring about effective participation in twenty-first century science, to elevate local technologies to the world level, and to increase national productivity...
Physical Biology Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology.
At Caltech, the main mission of the newly-established Physical Biology Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology (UST) is to develop the science and technology for observing complex molecular structures in motion using diffraction, spectroscopy, and microscopy. Such combined atomic-scale resolutions in space and time constitute the basis for a new field of study in what we refer to as four-dimensional (4D) structural dynamics. For imaging in real time the method of choice at Caltech is 4D ultrafast electron microscopy and diffraction developed recently to provide the ability to image complex structures with the spatial resolution of electron microscopy, but with timed (femtosecond) single-electron packets. The vision is a new integrated science of structure and dynamics with the aim of deciphering the fundamental physics of chemical and biological behavior, from atoms to cells. Faculty from the fields of physics, chemistry, and biology form the core for the collaborative research at UST, the founding center of physical biology at Caltech...
Back to the Future →
A. H. Zewail. Dreaming the Future, Chem. Eng. News 89, 17 (2011).
I am honored and gratified to receive the Priestley Medal. This highest honor of the American Chemical Society comes from a society I have been associated with for decades and with which I continue to have strong relations, not only as a member and fellow, but also with its institutions, the board of directors, the society journals, and the super-dynamic Executive Director & CEO Madeleine Jacobs...
A. H. Zewail. Curiouser and Curiouser: Managing Discovery Making, Nature 468, 347 (2010).
On a recent official visit to southeast Asia, a prime minister asked me: "What does it take to get a Nobel prize?" I answered immediately: "Invest in basic research and recruit the best minds." This curiosity-driven approach seems increasingly oldfashioned and underappreciated in our modern age of science. Some believe that more can be achieved through tightly managed research—as if we can predict the future. I believe this is an unfortunate misconception that affects and infects research funding. History teaches us the value of free scientific inquisitiveness...
A. H. Zewail. The Future of Chemical Physics, Chem. Phys. 378, 1 (2010).
In over a century of developments, the discipline of chemical physics, which evolved from physical chemistry, has had a major impact on chemistry and all related molecular sciences, including biology and materials science. While physicists were working to decipher the structure of the atom—and indeed managed to tame it—chemical physicists were trailblazing into the world of molecules with new tools, some from physics, and new concepts. In retrospect the impact is monumental, considering that in 1938 the most versatile organic laboratory instrument was the thermometer...
A. H. Zewail. The New Age of Structural Dynamics, Acta Cryst. A 66, 135 (2010).
It is now possible to determine three-dimensional structures, with atomic scale resolution, in systems ranging from small molecules to crystals, and from DNA and proteins to viruses and particles. The latest is the work on the structure of the ribosome protein-making machine which was awarded the 2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. However, a full description of biological functions, chemical reactions or phase transitions requires real-time visualization of the actual events, i.e. the ability to follow a sequence of steps characterizing a given process...
A. H. Zewail. Perspectives on Knowledge and Humanity, in Twelve Scientists on the Twenty-First Century, eds. I. Szemenyei, I. Goldperger, A. Erdélyi, G. Staar, Tinta Publishing, Budapest, 2009, p. 117.
As far as the twenty-first century is concerned, the major issues facing the world are many, but I would rather focus on the ones that threaten our peaceful coexistence. The first is education. It is disturbing that in the knowledge-based twenty-first century there are countries with populations approaching 50% illiteracy. And women are not given the appropriate status for education and career opportunities in many countries, so the workforce is reduced in value...
A. H. Zewail. The World in 50 Years, in The Way We Will Be 50 Years from Today, ed. M. Wallace, Thomas Nelson, Nashville, 2008, p. 228.
The world is an uncertain place, which is why the future and the unknown absolutely fascinate us. Veteran television journalist Mike Wallace asked the question "What will life be like 50 years from now?" to sixty of the world's greatest minds. Their responses offer a fascinating glimpse into the cultural, scientific, political, and spiritual moods of the times...
A. H. Zewail. Science and Technology in the Twenty-First Century, Academy of Sciences of Malaysia (ASM) Public Lecture, ASM, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, October 14, 2002.
Since the beginning of human civilization, science and technology has progressed in a continuous process. Fire must have been an exciting new technology for the first humans and to this day we are continuing research to fully answer the question, what is fire? But the search for new knowledge is based on rational thinking, which is fundamental for progress and for making new discoveries...
Selected Articles and Books →
A. H. Zewail and J. M. Thomas. 4D Electron Microscopy: Imaging in Space and Time, Imperial College Press, London (2010).
A. H. Zewail. Micrographia of the Twenty-First Century: From Camera Obscura to 4D Microscopy, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 368, 1191 (2010).
A. H. Zewail. 4D Electron Microscopy, Science 328, 187 (2010).
A. H. Zewail. Filming the Invisible in 4D: New Microscopy Makes Movies of Nanoscale Objects in Action, Sci. Am. 303, 74 (2010).
A. H. Zewail. The New Age of Structural Dynamics, Acta Cryst. A 66, 135 (2010).
M. M. Lin and A. H. Zewail. Protein Folding: Simplicity in Complexity, Ann. Phys. 524, 379 (2012).
A. Yurtsever, J. S. Baskin and A. H. Zewail. Entangled Nanoparticles: Discovery by Visualization in 4D Electron Microscopy, Nano Lett. 12, 5027 (2012).
S. T. Park and A. H. Zewail. Relativistic Effects in Photon-Induced Near Field Electron Microscopy, J. Phys. Chem. A 116, 11128 (2012).
D. J. Flannigan and A. H. Zewail. 4D Electron Microscopy: Principles and Applications, Acc. Chem. Res. 45, 1828 (2012).
M. M. Lin and A. H. Zewail. Hydrophobic Forces and the Length Limit of Foldable Protein Domains, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 109, 9851 (2012).
A. Yurtsever, S. Schäfer and A. H. Zewail. Ultrafast Kikuchi Diffraction: Nanoscale Stress-Strain Dynamics of Wave-Guiding Structures, Nano Lett. 12, 3772 (2012).
A. Yurtsever and A. H. Zewail. Direct Visualization of Near-Fields in Nanoplasmonics and Nanophotonics, Nano Lett. 12, 3334 (2012).
W. Liang, S. Schäfer and A. H. Zewail. Ultrafast Electron Crystallography of Heterogeneous Structures: Gold-Graphene Bilayer and Ligand-Encapsulated Nanogold on Graphene, Chem. Phys. Lett. 542, 8 (2012).
W. Liang, S. Schäfer and A. H. Zewail. Ultrafast Electron Crystallography of Monolayer Adsorbates on Clean Surfaces: Structural Dynamics, Chem. Phys. Lett. 542, 1 (2012).
S. T. Park, D. J. Flannigan and A. H. Zewail. 4D Electron Microscopy Visualization of Anisotropic Atomic Motions in Carbon Nanotubes, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134, 9146 (2012).
S. T. Park, O.-H. Kwon and A. H. Zewail. Chirped Imaging Pulses in Four-Dimensional Electron Microscopy: Femtosecond Pulsed Hole Burning, New J. Phys. 14, 053046 (2012).
A. Yurtsever, R. M. van der Veen and A. H. Zewail. Subparticle Ultrafast Spectrum Imaging in 4D Electron Microscopy, Science 335, 59 (2012).
S. T. Park and A. H. Zewail. Enhancing Image Contrast and Slicing Electron Pulses in 4D Near-Field Electron Microscopy, Chem. Phys. Lett. 521, 1 (2012).
S. Schäfer, W. Liang and A. H. Zewail. Structural Dynamics of Surfaces by Ultrafast Electron Crystallography: Experimental and Multiple Scattering Theory, J. Chem. Phys. 135, 214201 (2011).
S. Schäfer, W. Liang and A. H. Zewail. Structural Dynamics of Nanoscale Gold by Ultrafast Electron Crystallography, Chem. Phys. Lett. 515, 278 (2011).
M. M. Lin, O. F. Mohammed, G. S. Jas and A. H. Zewail. Speed Limit of Protein Folding Evidenced in Secondary Structure, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 108, 16622 (2011).
I-R. Lee, A. Gahlmann and A. H. Zewail. Structural Dynamics of Free Amino Acids in Diffraction., Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 51, 99 (2012).
M. M. Lin, D. Shorokhov and A. H. Zewail. Structural Dynamics of Free Proteins in Diffraction, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133, 17072 (2011).
D. Zhong, S. K. Pal and A. H. Zewail. Biological Water: A Critique, Chem. Phys. Lett. 503, 1 (2011).
V. Ortalan and A. H. Zewail. 4D Scanning Transmission Ultrafast Electron Microscopy: Single-Particle Imaging and Spectroscopy, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133, 10732 (2011).
O. F. Mohammed, D.-S. Yang, S. K. Pal and A. H. Zewail. 4D Scanning Ultrafast Electron Microscopy: Visualization of Materials Surface Dynamics, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133, 7708 (2011).
S. Schäfer, W. Liang and A. H. Zewail. Primary Structural Dynamics in Graphite, New J. Phys. 13, 063030 (2011).
J. S. Baskin, H. S. Park and A. H. Zewail. Nanomusical Systems Visualized and Controlled in 4D Electron Microscopy, Nano Lett. 11, 2183 (2011).
O.-H. Kwon, V. Ortalan and A. H. Zewail. Macromolecular Structural Dynamics Visualized by Pulsed Dose Control in 4D Electron Microscopy, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 108, 6026 (2011).
S. T. Park, D. J. Flannigan and A. H. Zewail. Irreversible Chemical Reactions Visualized in Space and Time with 4D Electron Microscopy, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133, 1730 (2011).
A. Yurtsever and A. H. Zewail. Kikuchi Ultrafast Nanodiffraction in Four-Dimensional Electron Microscopy, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 108, 3152 (2011).
S. T. Park, M. M. Lin and A. H. Zewail. Photon-Induced Near-Field Electron Microscopy (PINEM): Theoretical and Experimental, New J. Phys. 12, 123028 (2010).
D. J. Flannigan, S. T. Park and A. H. Zewail. Nanofriction Visualized in Space and Time by 4D Electron Microscopy, Nano Lett. 10, 4767 (2010).