Agrimony
Copland, A., L. Nahar, C.T.M. Tomlinson, V. Hamilton, M.Middleton, Y.Kumarasamy, and S.D. Sarker. “Antibacterial and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of the Seeds of Agrimonia Eupatoria.” Fitoterapia 74 (2003): 133–135.
Venskutonis, P.R., M. Škėmaitė, and B. Sivik. “Assessment of Radical Scavenging Capacity of Agrimonia Extracts Isolated by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide.” J. of Supercritical Fluids 45 (2008): 231–237.
Venskutonis, P.R., M. Škėmaitė, and O. Ragažinskienė. “Radical Scavenging Capacity of Agrimonia Eupatoria and Agrimonia Procera.” Fitoterapia 78 (2007): 166–168.
Aloe
Chithra, P., G.B. Sajithlal, and Gowri Chandrakasan. “Influence of Aloe Vera on the Glycosaminoglycans in the Matrix of Healing Dermal Wounds in Rats.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology 59 (1998): 179–186.
Femenia, Antoni, Emma S. Sánchez, Susana Simal, and Carmen Rosselló. “Compositional Features of Polysaccharides from Aloe Vera (Aloe Barbadensis Miller) Plant Tissues.” Carbohydrate Polymers 39 (1999): 109–117.
Grover, J.K., S. Yadav, and V. Vats. “Medicinal Plants of India with Anti–dDiabetic Potential.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology 81 (2002): 81–100.
Herndon, D.N. and J.P. Heggers. “Retardation of Wound Healing by Silver Sulfadiazine is Reversed by Aloe Vera and Nystatin.” Burns 29 (2003): 834–836.
Kent, Carol Miller. Aloe Vera. Arlington: Carol Miller Kent, 1980.
Muller, M.J., M.A. Hollyoak, Z. Moaveni, Tim La H. Brown, T. Reynolds, A.C. Dweck. “Aloe Vera Leaf Gel: A Review Update.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology 68 (1999): 3–37.
Rodríguez, D. Jasso de, D. Hernández–Castillo, R. Rodríguez–García, and J.L. Angulo–Sánchez. “Anti-fungal Activity In Vitro of Aloe Vera Pulp and Liquid Fraction Against Plant Pathogenic Fungi.” Industrial Crops and Products xxx (2004): xxx–xxx (Article in Press).
Sadiq, Yusuf, Agunu Abdulkarim, and Diana Mshelia. “The Effect of Aloe Vera A. Berger (Liliaceae) on Gastric Acid Secretion and Acute Gastric Mucosal Injury in Rats.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology 93 (2004): 33–37.
Seyger, M.M.B., P.C.M. van de Kerkhof, I.M.J.J. van Vlijmen–Willems, E.S.M. de Bakker, F. Zwiers, and E.M.G.J. de Jong. “The Efficacy of a New Topical Treatment for Psoriasis: Mirak.” Journal of the Euro-pean Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 11 (1998): 13–18.
Váquez, Beatriz, Guillermo Avila, David Segura, and Bruno Escalante. “Antiinflammatory Activity of Ex-tracts from Aloe Vera Gel.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology 55 (1996): 69–75.
Verlag, Gustav Fischer. “Antidiabetic Activity of Aloe Vera L. Juice. I. Clinical Trial in New Cases of Diabe-tes Mellitus.” Phytomedicine 3, 3 (1996): 241–243.
American Ginseng
Assinewe, V. A., J. T. Arnason, A. Aubry, J. Mullin, and I. Lemaire. “Extractable Polysaccharides of Panax Quinquefolius L. (North American Ginseng) Root Stimulate TNF± Production by Alveolar Macro-phages.” Phytomedicine 9 (2002): 398–404.
Fujimoto, Yasuo, Hongcheng Wang, Mitsuru Satoh, and Naoki Takeuchi. Polyacetylenes from Panax Quinquefolium.” Phytochemistry 35, 5 (1994): 1255–1257.
Kang, Ki Sung, Noriko Yamabe, Hyun Young Kim, Takuya Okamoto, Yasuo Sei, Takako Yokozawa. “In-crease in the Free Radical Scavenging Activities of American Ginseng by Heat Processing and its Safety Evaluation.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology 113 (2007): 225–232.
Liu, Dong, Bei Li, Yi Liu, Anoja S. Attele, John W. Kyle, and Chun–Su Yuan. “Voltage–Dependent Inhibi-tion of Brain Na Channels by American Ginseng.” European Journal of Pharmacology 413 (2001): 47–54.
Nocerino, Emilia, Marianna Amato, and Angelo A. Izzo. “The Aphrodisiac and Adaptogenic Properties of Ginseng.” Fitoterapia 71 (2000): S1–S5.
Schlag, Erin M. and Marla S. McIntosh. “Ginsenoside Content and Variation Among and Within Ameri-can Ginseng (Panax Quinquefolius L.) Populations.” Phytochemistry 67 (2006): 1510–1519.
Yuan, C.–S., X. Wang, J.A. Wu, A.S. Attele, J.–T. Xie, and M. Gu. “Effects of Panax Quinquefolius L. on Brainstem Neuronal Activities: Comparison Between Wisconsin–Cultivated and Illinois–Cultivated Roots.” Phytomedicine 8, 3 (2001): 178–183.
Arnica
Gertsch, Jurg, O. Sticher, T. Schmidt, and J. Heilmann. “Influence of Helenanolide–Type Sesquiterpene Lactones on Gene Transcription Profiles in Jurkat T Cells and Human Peripheral Blood Cells: Anti–Inflammatory and Cytotoxic Effects”. Biochemical Pharmacology 66 (2003): 2141–2153.
Kennedy, J.F., D.L. Stevenson, and C.A. White. “Analysis of the Oligosaccharides from the Roots of Ar-nica Montana L., Artemisia Absinthium L., and Artemisia Dracunculus L.” Carbohydrate Polymers 9 (1988): 277–285.
Koo, H., B.P.F.A. Gomes, P.L. Rosalen, G.M.B. Ambrosano, Y.K. Park, and J.A. Cur. “In Vitro Antimicro-bial Activity of Propolis and Arnica Montana Against Oral Pathogens.” Archives of Oral Biology 45 (2000): 141–148.
Merfort, I. and D. Wendisch. “Sesquiterpene Lactones of Arnica Cordifolia, Subgenus Austromotana.” Phytochemistry 34, 5 (1993): 1436–1437.
Puhlmann, J., M.H. Zenk, and H. Wagner. “Immunologically Active Polysaccharides of Arnica Montana Cell Cultures.” Phytochemistry 30, 4 (1991): 1141–1145.
Wagner, Steffen and I. Merfort. “Skin Penetration Behavior of Sesquiterpene Lactones from Different Arnica Preparations Using a Validated GC–MSD Method.” Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 43 (2007): 32–38.
Artichoke
Fratianni, Florinda, Marina Tucci, Monica De Palma, Rosa Pepe, and Filomena Nazzaro. “Polyphenolic Composition in Different Parts of Some Cultivars of Globe Artichoke (Cynara Cardunculus L. var. Scoly-mus (L.) Fiori).” Food Chemistry 104 (2007): 1282–1286.
Lopez–Molina, Dorotea, Marıa Dolores Navarro–Martınez, Francisco Rojas Melgarejo, Alexander N.P. Hiner, Soledad Chazarra, and Jose Neptuno Rodrıguez–Lopez. “Molecular Properties and Prebiotic Ef-fect of Inulin Obtained from Artichoke (Cynara Scolymus L.). Phytochemistry 66 (2005): 1476–1484.
Falleh, Hanen, Riadh Ksouri, Kamel Chaieb, Najoua Karray–Bouraoui, Najla Trabelsi, Mondher Boulaa-ba, and Chedly Abdelly. “Phenolic Composition of Cynara Cardunculus L. Organs, and their Biological Activities.” C. R. Biologies 331 (2008): 372–379.
Speroni, E., R. Cervellati, P. Govoni, S. Guizzardi, C. Renzulli, and M.C. Guerra. “Efficacy of Different Cynara Scolymus Preparations on Liver Complaints.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology 86 (2003): 203–211.
Astragalus
Choa, William Chi Shing and Kwok Nam Leung. “In Vitro and In Vivo Immunomodulating and Immu-norestorative Effects of Astragalus Membranaceus.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology 113 (2007): 132–141.
Chor, S.Y., A.Y. Hui, K.F. To, K.K. Chana, Y.Y. Go, H.L.Y. Chan, W.K. Leung, and J.J.Y. Sung. “Anti–Proliferative and Pro–Apoptotic Effects of Herbal Medicine on Hepatic Stellate Cell.” Journal of Eth-nopharmacology 100 (2005): 180–186.
Ko, Han–Chieh, Bai–Luh Wei, and Wen–Fei Chiou. “The Effect of Medicinal Plants Used in Chinese Folk Medicine on RANTES Excretion by Virus–Infected Human Epithelial Cells.” Journal of Ethnopharmacol-ogy 107 (2006): 205–210.
Lee, Kun Yeong and Young Jin Jeon. “Macrophage Activation by Polysaccharide Isolated from Astraga-lus Membranaceus.” International Immunopharmacology 5 (2005): 1225–1233.
Liu, Wei, Jing Chen, Wen Jian Zuo, Xian Li, and Jin Hui Wang. “A New Isoflavane from Processed Astrag-alus Membranaceus.” Chinese Chemical Letters 18 (2007): 1092–1094.
Molyneux, Russell J., S.T. Lee, D.R. Gardner, K.E. Panter, and L.F. James. “Phytochemicals: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly?” Phytochemistry 68 (2007): 2973–2985.
Shao, Bao–Mei, Wen Xu, Hui Dai, Pengfei Tu, Zhongjun Li, and Xiao–Ming Gao. “A Study on the Im-mune Receptors for Polysaccharides from the Roots of Astragalus Membranaceus, a Chinese Medici-nal Herb.” Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 320 (2004): 1103–1111.
Song, Jing–Zheng, Hillary H.W. Yiu, Chun–Feng Qiao, Quan–Bin Han, and Hong–Xi Xu. “Chemical Com-parison and Classification of Radix Astragali by Determination of Isoflavonoids and Astragalosides.” Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 47 (2008): 399–406.
Toda, Shizuo and Yoshiaki Shirataki. “Inhibitory Effects of Astragali Radix, a Crude Drug in Oriental Med-icines, on Lipid Peroxidation and Protein Oxidative Modification by Copper.” Journal of Ethnopharma-cology 68 (1999): 331–333.
Yesilada, Erdem, Erdal Bedir, Ihsan Calıs, Yoshihisa Takaishi, and Yasukazu Ohmoto. “Effects of Triter-pene Saponins from Astragalus Species on In Vitro Cytokine Release.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology 96 (2005): 71–77.
Yu, Qing Tao, Ping Li, Zhi Ming Bi, Jun Luo, and Xiao Dan Gao. “Two New Saponins from the Aerial Part of Astragalus Membranaceus Var. Mongholicus.” Chinese Chemical Letters 18 (2007): 554–556.
Zhang, Bi–Qi, Shen–Jiang Hu, Li–Hong Qiu, Jian–hua Zhu, Xian–Ji Xie, Jian Sun, Zhao–Hui Zhu, Qiang Xia, and Ka Bian. “Effects of Astragalus Membranaceus and its Main Components on the Acute Phase En-dothelial Dysfunction Induced by Homocysteine.” Vascular Pharmacology 46 (2007): 278–285.
Zhang, Zhen–Lun, Qi–Zhen Wen, and Chand–Xiao Liu. “Hepatoprotective Effects of Astragalus Root.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology 30 (1990): 145– 149.
Barberry
Ivanovska, N. and S. Philipov. “Study on the Anti–Inflammatory Action of Berberis Vulgaris Root Ex-tract, Alkaloid Fractions and Pure Alkaloids.” International Journal Of Immunopharmacology 18,10 (1996): 553–561.
Janbaz, K.H. and A.H. Gilani. “Studies on Preventive and Curative Effects of Berberine on Chemical–Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rodents.” Fitoterapia 71 (2000): 25–33.
Ji, Xiuhong, Yi Li, Huwei Liu, Yuning Yan, and Jiashi Li. “Determination of the Alkaloid Content in Differ-ent Parts of some Mahonia Plants by HPCE.” Pharmaceutica Acta Helvetiae 74 (2000): 387–391.
Kostalova, D., A. Kardosova, and V. Hajnicka. “Effect of Mahonia Aquifolium Stem Bark Crude Extract and One of its Polysaccharide Components on Production of IL–8.” Fitoterapia 72 (2001): 802–806.
Maung–U, Khin and Nwe–Nwe–Wai. “Effect of Berberine on Enterotoxin–Induced Intestinal Fluid Ac-cumulation in Rats.” J Diarrhoeal Dis Res 10, 4 (1992): 201–204.
Sack, R.B. and J.L. Froehlich. “Berberine Inhibits Intestinal Secretory Response of Vibrio Cholerae and Escherichia Coli Enterotoxins.” Infect Immun 35, 2 (1982): 471–475.
Shamsa, F., A. Ahmadiani, and R. Khosrokhavar. “Antihistaminic and Anticholinergic Activity of Barberry Fruit (Berberis Vulgaris) in the Guinea–Pig Ileum.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology 64 (1999): 161–166
Sohni, Y.R., P. Kaimal, and R.M. Bhatt. “The Antiamoebic Effect of a Crude Drug Formulation of Herbal Extracts Against Entamoeba Histolytica In Vitro and in Vivo.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology 45, 1 (1995): 43–52.
Sohni, Youvraj R. and Ranjan M. Bhatt. “Activity of a Crude Extract Formulation in Experimental Hepatic Amoebiasis and in Immunomodulation Studies.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology 54 (1996): 119–124.
Stermitz, F.R., J. Tawara–Matsuda, P. Lorenz, P. Mueller, L. Zenewicz, and K. Lewis. “5’–Methoxyhydnocarpin–D and Pheophorbide A: Berberis Species Components that Potentiate Berber-ine Growth Inhibition of Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus.” Journal of Natural Products 63, 8 (2000): 1146–1149.
Stermitz, Frank R., Teresa D. Beeson, Paul J. Mueller, Jen–Fang Hsiang, and Kim Lewis. “Staphylococcus Aureus MDR Efflux Pump Inhibitors from a Berberis and a Mahonia (Sensu Strictu) Species.” Biochemi-cal Systematics and Ecology 29 (2001): 793–798.
Yesilada, Erdem and Esra Küpeli. “Berberis Crataegina DC. Root Exhibits Potent Anti–Inflammatory, An-algesic and Febrifuge Effects in Mice and Rats.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology 79 (2002): 237–248.
Bayberry
Chistokhodova, Natalya, Chi Nguyen, Tony Calvino, Ioulia Kachirskaia, Glenn Cunningham, and D. How-ard Miles. “Antithrombin Activity of Medicinal Plants from Central Florida.” Journal of Ethnopharma-cology 81 (2002): 277–280.
Fujimoto, Masafumi, Shin–ichi Mihara, Shigeyuki Nakajima, Motohiko Ueda, Miharu Nakamura and Ken–suke Sakurai. “A Novel Non–Peptide Endothelin Antagonist Isolated from Bayberry, Myrica Ce-rifera.” Federation of European Biochemical Societies 305, 1 (1992): 41–44.
Halim, Ahmed F. and Ralph P. Collins. “Essential Oil Analysis of the Myricaceae of the Eastern United States.” Phytochemistry 12 (1973): 1077–1083.
Bilberry
Canter, Peter H. and Edzard Ernst. “Anthocyanosides of Vaccinium Myrtillus (Bilberry) for Night Vi-sion—A Systematic Review of Placebo–Controlled Trials.” Survey of Ophthalmology 49, 1 (2004): 38–50.
Seeram, N. P., R. A. Momin, M. G. Nair and L. D. Bourquin. “Cyclooxygenase Inhibitory and Antioxidant Cyanidin Glycosides in Cherries and Berries.” Phytomedicine 8, 5 (2001): 362–369.
Yao, Yu and Amandio Vieira. “Protective Activities of Vaccinium Antioxidants with Potential Relevance to Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Neurotoxicity.” NeuroToxicology 28 (2007): 93–100.
Black Cohosh
Frei–Kleinera, S., W. Schaffnera, V.W. Rahlfsb, Ch. Bodmerc, and M. Birkhauser. “Cimicifuga Racemosa Dried Ethanolic Extract in Menopausal Disorders: A Double–Blind Placebo–Controlled Clinical Trial.” Maturitas 51 (2005): 397–404.
Jarry, H., P. Thelen, V. Christoffel, B. Spengler, W. Wuttke. “Cimicifuga Racemosa Extract BNO 1055 In-hibits Proliferation of the Human Prostate Cancer Cell Line LNCaP.” Phytomedicine 12 (2005): 178–182.
Jiang, B., H. Yang, P. Nuntanakorn, M.J. Balick, F. Kronenberg, and E.J. Kennelly. “The Value of Plant Collections in Ethnopharmacology: A Case Study of an 85–Year–Old Black Cohosh (Actaea racemosa L.) Sample.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology 96 (2005): 521–528.
Kretzschmar, Georg, Thomas Nisslein, Oliver Zierau, and Gunter Vollmer. “Estrogen–Like Effects of an Isopropanolic Extract of Rhizoma Cimicifugae Racemosae on Uterus and Vena Cava of Rats After 17 Day Treatment.” Journal of Steroid Biochemistry & Molecular Biology 97 (2005): 271–277.
Seidlova–Wuttke, D., L. Pitzel, P. Thelen, and W. Wuttke. “Inhibition of 5–Reductase in the Rat Pros-tate by Cimicifuga Racemosa.” Maturitas 55S (2006): S75–S82.
Wuttke, Wolfgang, Guillermo Rimoldi, Julie Christoffel, and Dana Seidlova–Wuttke. “Plant Extracts for the Treatment of Menopausal Women: Safe?” Maturitas 55S (2006): S92–S100.
Black Walnut
Biancoa, M. A., A. Handajia, and H. Savolainenb. “Quantitative Analysis of Ellagic Acid in Hardwood Samples.” The Science of the Total Environment 222 (1998): 123–126.
Boelkins, James N., Lloyd K. Everson, and Theodore K. Auyong. “Effects of Intravenous Juglone in the Dog.” Toxicon 6, 2 (1968): 99–102.
Guarrera, Paolo Maria. “Traditional Antihelmintic, Antiparasitic and Repellent Uses of Plants in Central Italy.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology 68 (1999): 183–192.
Lopez, A., J.B. Hudson, and G.H.N. Towers. “Antiviral and Antimicrobial Activities of Colombian Medici-nal Plants.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology 77 (2001): 189–196.
Omar, S., B. Lemonnier, N. Jones, C. Ficker, M.L. Smith, C. Neema, Towers, G.H.N., K. Goel, and J.T. Arnason. “Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts of Eastern North American Hardwood Trees and Relation to Traditional Medicine.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology 73 (2000): 161–170.
Blue cohosh
Ali, Zulfiqar and Ikhlas A. Khan. “Alkaloids and Saponins from Blue Cohosh.” Phytochemistry 69 (2008): 1037–1042.
Jones, Thomas K. and Barry M. Lawson. “Profound Neonatal Congestive Heart Failure Caused by Ma-ternal Consumption of Blue Cohosh Herbal Medication.” J Pediatr 132 (1998): 550–552.
Woldemariam, Tibebe Z., Joseph M. Betz, and Peter J. Houghton. “Analysis of Aporphine and Quinoliz-idine Alkaloids from Caulophyllum Thalictroides by Densitometry and HPLC.” Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 15 (1997): 839–843.
Burdock
Cho, Min Kyung, Y.P. Janga, Y.C. Kima, and S.G. Kim. “Arctigenin, a Phenylpropanoid Dibenzylbutyrolac-tone Lignan, Inhibits MAP Kinases and AP–1 Activation Via Potent MKK Inhibition: The Role in TNF–a Inhibition.” International Immunopharmacology 4 (2004): 1419–1429.
Hirose, Masao, T. Yamaguchi, C. Lin, N. Kimoto, M. Futakuchi, T. Kono, S. Nishibe, and T. Shirai. “Effects of Arctiin on PhIP–Induced Mammary, Colon and Pancreatic Carcinogenesis in Female Sprague–Dawley Rats and MeIQx–Induced Hepatocarcinogenesis in Male F344 Rats.” Cancer Letters 155 (2000): 79–88.
Kardošová, A., A. Ebringerová, J. Alföldi, G. Nosálová, S. Franová, and V. Hribalová. “A Biologically Ac-tive Fructan From the Roots of Arctium Lappa L., var. Herkules.” International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 33 (2003): 135–140.
Kardošová, A. and E. Machová. “Antioxidant Activity of Medicinal Plant Polysaccharides.” Fitoterapia 77 (2006): 367–373.
Morita, Kazuyoshi, T. Kada, and M. Namiki. “A Desmutagenic Factor Isolated from Burdock (Arctium Lappa Linne).” Mutation Research 129 (1984): 25–31.
Wang, Bor–Sen, G–C. Yen, L–W. Chang, W–J. Yen, and P–D. Duh. “Protective Effects of Burdock (Arcti-um Lappa Linne) on Oxidation of Low–Density Lipoprotein and Oxidative Stress in RAW 264.7 Macro-phages.” Food Chemistry 101 (2006): 729–738.
Butcher’s Broom
Combarieu, E. de, M. Falzoni, N. Fuzzati, F. Gattesco, A. Giori, M. Lovati, and R. Pace. “Identification of Ruscus Steroidal Saponins by HPLC–MS Analysis.” Fitoterapia 73 (2002): 583–596.
Guarrera, Paolo Maria. “Traditional Phytotherapy in Central Italy (Marche, Abruzzo, and Latium).” Fitoterapia 76 (2005): 1–25.
Kite, Geoffrey C., Porter, Elaine A., and Simmonds, Monique S.J. “Chromatographic Behaviour of Ste-roidal Saponins Studied by High–Performance Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry.” Journal of Chromatography A 1148 (2007): 177–183.
Lascasas–Porto, Carmen Lucia, Milhomens, Ana Letícia M., Virgini–Magalhães, Carlos Eduardo, Fer-nandes, Fabiano F.A., Sicuro, Fernando L., and Bouskela, Eliete. “Use of Microcirculatory Parameters to Evaluate Clinical Treatments of Chronic Venous Disorder (CVD).” Microvascular Research xxx (2008): xxx–xxx (Article in Press)
Rubanyi, G., G. Marcelon, and P.M. Vanhoutte. “Effect of Temperature on the Responsiveness of Cu-taneous Veins to the Extract of Ruscus Aculeatus.” Gen. Pharmac. 15, 5 (1984): 431–434.
Calendula
Bako, Eszter, J. Deli, and G. Toth. “HPLC Study on the Carotenoid Composition of Calendula Products.” J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods 53 (2002): 241–250.
Cetkovic, Gordana S., S.M. Djilas, J.M. Canadanovic–Brunet, and V.T. Tumbas. “Antioxidant Properties of Marigold Extracts.” Food Research International 37 (2004): 643–650.
Lavagna, Silvio M., D. Secci, P. Chimenti, L. Bonsignore, A. Ottaviani, and B. Bizzarri. “Efficacy of Hyperi-cum and Calendula Oils in the Epithelial Reconstruction of Surgical Wounds in Childbirth with Caesarean Section.” Il Farmaco 56 (2001): 451–453.
Miliauskasa, G., P.R. Venskutonisa, and T.A. Van Beekb. “Screening of Radical Scavenging Activity of Some Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Extracts.” Food Chemistry 85 (2004): 231–237.
Wilkomirski, Boguslaw. “Pentacyclic Triterpene Triols from Calendula Officinalis Flowers.” Phytochemis-try 24, 12 (1985): 3066–3067.
Cannabis
Amar, Mohamed Ben. “Cannabinoids in Medicine: A Review of their Therapeutic Potential.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology 105 (2006): 1–25.
Baker, David, Gareth Pryce, Gavin Giovannoni, and Alan J Thompson. “The Therapeutic Potential of Cannabis.” Lancet Neurology 2 (2003): 291–98.
Brady, C. M., R. Dasgupta, C. Dalton, O. J. Wiseman, K. J. Berkley, and C. J. Fowler. “Voiding Function and Dysfunction, Bladder Physiology and Pharmacology, and Female Urology; An Open–Label Pilot Study of Cannabis–Based Extracts for Bladder Dysfunction in Advanced Multiple Sclerosis” The Journal of Urology 173 (2005): 1262–1267.
Brooks, J.W. “Cannabinoids and Analgesia.” Current Anaesthesia & Critical Care 13 (2002): 215–220.
Engels, Frederike K., Floris A. de Jong, Ron H.J. Mathijssen, Joelle A. Erkens, Ron M. Herings, and Jaap Verweij. “Medicinal Cannabis in Oncology.” European Journal of Cancer 43 (2007): 2638–2644.
Grant, Igor and B. Rael Cahn. “Cannabis and Endocannabinoid Modulators: Therapeutic Promises and Challenges.” Clinical Neuroscience Research 5 (2005): 185–199.
Iversen, Leslie and Victoria Chapman. “Cannabinoids: a Real Prospect for Pain Relief?” Current Opinion in Pharmacology 2 (2002): 50–55.
Lynch, Mary E., Judee Young, and Alexander J. Clark. “A Case Series of Patients Using Medicinal Mari-huana for Management of Chronic Pain Under the Canadian Marihuana Medical Access Regulations.” Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 32, 5 (2006): 497–501.
Mackie, Ken. “Signaling Via CNS Cannabinoid Receptors.” Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 286S (2008): S60–S65.
Martin, Billy R. and Aron H. Lichtman. “Cannabinoid Transmission and Pain Perception.” Neurobiology of Disease 5 (1998): 447–461.
Ware, Mark A., Crystal R. Doyle, Ryan Woods, Mary E. Lynch, and Alexander J. Clark. “Cannabis Use for Chronic Non–Cancer Pain: Results of a Prospective Survey.” Pain 102 (2003): 211–216.
Cayenne pepper
Careaga, Monica, Elizabeth Fernandez, Lidia Dorantes, Lydia Mota, Maria Eugenia Jaramillo, Humberto Hernandez–Sanchez. “Antibacterial Activity of Capsicum Extract Against Salmonella Typhimurium and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Inoculated in Raw Beef Meat” International Journal of Food Microbiology 83 (2003): 331–335.
Cichewicz, Robert H. and Patrick A. Thorpe. “The Antimicrobial Properties of Chile Peppers (Capsicum Species) and their Uses in Mayan Medicine.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology 52 (1996): 61–70.
Materska, Magorzata, Sonia Piacente, Anna Stochmal, Cosimo Pizza, Wiesaw Oleszek, and Irena Pe-rucka. “Isolation and Structure Elucidation of Flavonoid and Phenolic Acid Glycosides from Pericarp of Hot Pepper Fruit Capsicum Annuum L.” Phytochemistry 63 (2003): 893–898.
Singh, Tripti and Colleen Chittenden. “In–Vitro Antifungal Activity of Chilli Extracts in Combination with Lactobacillus Casei Against Common Sapstain Fungi.” International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation xxx (2008): 1–4.
Tsuchiya, Hironori. “Biphasic Membrane Effects of Capsaicin, an Active Component in Capsicum Spe-cies.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology 75 (2001): 295–299.
Chamomile
Kobayashi, Y., Y. Nakano, K. Inayama, A. Sakai, and T. Kamiya. “Dietary Intake of the Flower Extracts of German Chamomile (Matricaria Recutita L.) Inhibited Compound 48/80–Induced Itch–Scratch Re-sponses in Mice.” Phytomedicine 10 (2003): 657–664.
Kobayashi, Yoshinori, R. Takahashi, and F. Ogino. “Antipruritic Effect of the Single Oral Administration of German Chamomile Flower Extract and its Combined Effect with Antiallergic Agents in ddY Mice.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology 101 (2005): 308–312.
Loggia, Roberto Della, U. Traversa, V. Scarcia, and A. Tubaro. “Depressive Effects of Chamomilla Recuti-ta (L.) Rausch, Tubular Flowers, on Central Nervous System in Mice.” Pharmacological Research Com-munications 14, 2 (1982): 153–162.
Mazokopakis, E.E., G.E. Vrentzos, J.A. Papadakis, D.E. Babalis, and E.S. Ganotakis. “Wild Chamomile (Matricaria Recutita L.) Mouthwashes in Methotrexate–Induced Oral Mucositis.” Phytomedicine 12 (2005): 25–27.
Svenlikova, Vanda and M. Repcak. “Apigenin Chemotypes of Matricaria Chamomilla L.” Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 34 (2006): 654–657.
Zaiter, Lahcene, M. Bouheroum, S. Benayache, F. Benayache, F. Leon, I. Brouard, J. Quintana, F. Es-tevez, and J. Bermejo. “Sesquiterpene Lactones and Other Constituents from Matricaria Chamomilla L.” Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 35 (2007): 533–538.
Chaste Tree
Böhnert, K. J. “The Use of Vitex Agnus Castus for Hyperprolactinemia.” Quarterly Review of Natural Medicine, spring (1997): 19–21.
Brown, Donald J. “Vitex Agnus Castus Clinical Monograph from Quarterly Review of Natural Medicine.” Herbal Research Review, Summer (1994)
Halaška, M., P. Beles, C. Gorkow, and C. Sieder. “Treatment of Cyclical Mastalgia with a Solution Con-taining a Vitex Agnus Castus Extract: Results of a Placebo–Controlled Double–Blind Study.” The Breast 8 (1999): 175–181.
Lauritzen, CH., H.D. Reuter, R. Repges, K.J. Böhnert, and U. Schmidt. “Treatment of Premenstrual Ten-sion Syndrome with Vitex Agnus Castus Controlled, Double–Blind Study Versus Pyridoxine.” Phyto-medicine 4, 3 (1997): 183–189.
Lucks, Barbara Chopin. “Vitex Agnus Castus Essential Oil and Menopausal Balance: A Research Up-date.” Complementary Therapies in Nursing and Midwifery 8 (2003): 148–154.
Schellenberg, R. “Treatment for the Premenstrual Syndrome with Agnus Castus Fruit Extract: Prospec-tive, Randomized, Placebo Controlled Study.” British Medical Journal 322 (2001): 134–137.
Cinnamon
Babu, P. Subash, S. Prabuseenivasan, and S. Ignacimuthu. “Cinnamaldehyde—A Potential Antidiabetic Agent.” Phytomedicine 14 (2007): 15–22.
Hersch–Martınez, P., B.E. Leanos–Miranda, and F. Solorzano–Santos. “Antibacterial Effects of Com-mercial Essential Oils over Locally Prevalent Pathogenic Strains in Mexico.” Fitoterapia 76 (2005): 453– 457.
Mathew, Sindhu and T. Emilia Abraham. “Studies on the Antioxidant Activities of Cinnamon (Cin-namomum Verum) Bark Extracts, through Various In Vitro Models.” Food Chemistry 94 (2006): 520–528.
McCarty, Mark F. “Nutraceutical Resources for Diabetes Prevention – An Update.” Medical Hypotheses 64 (2005): 151–158.
Singh, Gurdip, Sumitra Maurya, M.P. deLampasona, and Cesar A.N. Catalan. “A Comparison of Chemi-cal, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Studies of Cinnamon Leaf and Bark Volatile Oils, Oleoresins and their Constituents.” Food and Chemical Toxicology 45 (2007): 1650–1661.
Clove
Ghelardini, C., N. Galeotti, L. Di Cesare Mannelli, G. Mazzanti, and A. Bartolini. “Local Anaesthetic Activ-ity of β–Caryophyllene.” Il Farmaco 56 (2001): 387–389.
Kurokawa, Masahiko, Kazuhiko Nagasaka, Tatsuji Hirabayashi, Shin–ichi Uyama, Hideki Sato, Takashi Kageyama, Shigetoshi Kadota, Haruo Ohyama, Toyoharu Hozumi, Tsuneo Namba, and Kimiyasu Shiraki. “Efficacy of Traditional Herbal Medicines in Combination with Acyclovir Against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection In Vitro and In Vivo.” Antiviral Research 27 (1995): 19–37.
Lee, Kwang–Geun and Takayuki Shibamoto. “Antioxidant Property of Aroma Extract Isolated from Clove Buds [Syzygium Aromaticum (L.) Merr. et Perry].” Food Chemistry 74 (2001): 443–448.
Moreira, M.R., A.G Ponce, C.E. del Valle, and S.I. Roura. “Inhibitory Parameters of Essential Oils to Re-duce a Foodborne Pathogen.” LWT 38 (2005): 565–570.
Nassar, Mahmoud I. “Flavonoid Triglycosides from the Seeds of Syzygium Aromaticum.” Carbohydrate Research 341 (2006): 160–163.
Srivastava, K. C. and N. Malhotra. “Acetyl Eugenol, a Component of Oil of Cloves (Syzygium Aromati-cum Z,.) Inhibits Aggregation and Alters Arachidonic Acid Metabolism in Human Blood Platelets.” Pros-taglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (1991): 42 73–81.
Steenkamp, V., A.C. Fernandes, and C.E.J. Van Rensburg. “Screening of Venda Medicinal Plants for Antifungal Activity Against Candida Albicans.” South African Journal of Botany 73 (2007): 256–258.
Coffee
Ashihara, Hiroshi, Hiroshi Sano, and Alan Crozier. “Caffeine and Related Purine Alkaloids: Biosynthesis, Catabolism, Function and Genetic Engineering.” Phytochemistry 69 (2008): 841–856.
Nagasampago, B. A. and J. W. Rowe. “Sterols of Coffee.“ Phytochemistry 10 (1971): 1101–1107.
Perrone, Daniel, Adriana Farah, Carmen M. Donangelo, Tomas de Paulis, Peter R. Martin. “Compre-hensive Analysis of Major and Minor Chlorogenic Acids and Lactones in Economically Relevant Brazilian Coffee Cultivars.” Food Chemistry 106 (2008): 859–867.
Cranberry
Bailey, David T., Carol Dalton, F. Joseph Daugherty, and Michael S. Tempesta. “Can a Concentrated Cranberry Extract Prevent Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections in Women? A Pilot Study.” Phytomedicine 14 (2007): 237–241.
Celik, Huseyin, Mustafa Ozgen, Sedat Serce, and Cemal Kaya. “Phytochemical Accumulation and Anti-oxidant Capacity at Four Maturity Stages of Cranberry Fruit.” Scientia Horticulturae 117 (2008): 345–348.
Croteau, Rodney and Irving S. Fagerson. “Seed Lipids of the American Cranberry (Vaccinium Marcocar-pon).” Phytochemistry 8 (1969): 2219–2222.
Foo, Lai Yeap, Yinrong Lu, Amy B. Howell, and Nicholi Vors. “The Structure of Cranberry Proanthocya-nidins which Inhibit Adherence of Uropathogenic P–Fimmbriated Escherichia Coli In Vitro.” Phyto-chemistry 54 (2000): 173–181.
Howell, Amy B., Jess D. Reed, Christian G. Krueger, Ranee Winterbottom, David G. Cunningham, and Marge Leahy. “A–Type Cranberry Proanthocyanidins and Uropathogenic Bacterial Anti–Adhesion Ac-tivity”. Phytochemistry 66 (2005): 2281–2291.
Seeram, N. P., R. A. Momin, M. G. Nair, and L. D. Bourquin. “Cyclooxygenase Inhibitory and Antioxi-dant Cyanidin Glycosides in Cherries and Berries.” Phytomedicine 8, 5 (2001): 362–369.
Vvedenskaya, Irina O. and Nicholi Vorsa. “Flavonoid Composition Over Fruit Development and Matura-tion in American Cranberry, Vaccinium Macrocarpon Ait.” Plant Science 167 (2004): 1043–1054.
Creosote Bush
Anesini, Claudia and Cristina Perez. “Screening of Plants Used in Argentine Folk Medicine for Antimi-crobial Activity.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology 39 (1993): 119–128.
Craigo, Jodi, Michelle Callahan, Ru Chih C. Huang, and Angelo L. DeLucia. “Inhibition of Human Papillo-mavirus Type 16 Gene Expression by Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid Plant Lignan Derivatives.” Antiviral Re-search 47 (2000): 19–28.
Grant, Kathryn L., Leslie V. Boyer, and Boyd E. Erdman. “Chaparral Induced Hepatotoxicity.” Integrative Medicine 1, 2 (1998): 83–87.
Hyder, Paul W., E.L. Fredrickson, Rick E. Estell, Mario Tellez, and Robert P. Gibbens. “Distribution and Concentration of Total Phenolics, Condensed Tannins, and Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid (NDGA) in Creo-sotebush (Larrea Tridentata).” Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 30 (2002): 905–912.
Quiroga, Emma Nelly, Antonio Rodolfo Sampietro, and Marta Amelia Vattuone. “Screening Antifungal Activities of Selected Medicinal Plants.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology 74 (2001): 89–96.
Verástegui, M. Angeles, César A. Sánchez, Norma L. Heredia, and J. Santos García–Alvarado. “Antimi-crobial Activity of Extracts of Three Chihuahuan Desert Major Plants from the Chihuahuan Desert.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology 52 (1996): 175–177.
Dandelion
Grases, F., G. Melero, A. Costa–Bauza, R. Prieto, and J.G. March. “Urolithiasis and Phytotherapy.” In-ternational Urology and Nephrology 26, 5 (1994): 507–511.
Kisiel, W. and B. Barszcz. Further Sesquiterpenoids and Phenolics from Taraxacum Officinale. Fitotera-pia 71 (2000): 269–273.
Rauwald, Hans–Willi and Jai–Tung Huang. “Taraxacoside, A Type of Acylated Gamma–. Butyrolactone Glycoside from Taraxacum officinale.” Photochemistry 24, 7 (1985): 1557–1559.
Williams, Christine A., Fiona Goldstone, and Jenny Greenham. “Flavonoids, Cinnamic Acids, and Cou-marins from the Different Tissues and Medicinal Preparations of Taraxacum Officinale.” Phytochemis-try 42, 1 (1996): 121–127.
Echinacea
Arroll, B. “Non–Antibiotic Treatments for Upper–Respiratory Tract Infections (Common Cold).” Respir-atory Medicine 99 (2005): 1477–1484.
Barrett, B. “Medicinal Properties of Echinacea: A Critical Review.” Phytomedicine 10 (2003): 66–86.
Chicca, A., B. Adinolfi, E. Martinotti, S. Fogli, M.C. Breschi, F. Pellati, S. Benvenuti, and P. Nieri. “Cyto-toxic Effects of Echinacea Root Hexanic Extracts on Human Cancer Cell Lines.” Journal of Ethnophar-macology 110 (2007): 148–153.
Classena, B., S. Thude, W. Blaschek, M. Wack, and C. Bodinet. “Immunomodulatory Effects of Arabino-galactan–Proteins from Baptisia and Echinacea.” Phytomedicine 13 (2006): 688–694.
Gan, Xiao–Hu, Ling Zhang, David Heber, and Benjamin Bonavida. “Mechanism of Activation of Human Peripheral Blood NK Cells at the Single Cell Level by Echinacea Water Soluble Extracts: Recruitment of Lymphocyte–Target Conjugates and Killer Cells and Activation of Programming for Lysis.” International Immunopharmacology 3 (2003): 811– 824.
He, Xian–guo, Long–ze Lin, Matthew W. Bernart, and Li–zhi Lian. “Analysis of Alkamides in Roots and Achenes of Echinacea Purpurea by Liquid Chromatography–Electrospray Mass Spectrometry.” Journal of Chromatography A 815 (1998): 205–211.
Hinz, Burkhard, Karin Woelkart, and Rudolf Bauer. “Alkamides from Echinacea Inhibit Cyclooxygenase–2 Activity in Human Neuroglioma Cells.” Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 360 (2007): 441–446.
Matthias, A., R.S. Addison, L.L. Agnew, K.M. Bone, K. Watson, and R.P. Lehmann. “Comparison of Echinacea Alkylamide Pharmacokinetics Between Liquid and Tablet Preparations.” Phytomedicine 14 (2007): 587–590.
Matthias, Anita, Linda Banbury, Kerry M. Bone, David N. Leach, and Reg P. Lehmann. “Echinacea Alkyl-amides Modulate Induced Immune Responses in T–Cells.” Fitoterapia 79 (2008): 53–58.
Morazzoni, P., A. Cristoni, F. Di Pierro, C. Avanzini, D. Ravarino, S. Stornello, M. Zucca, and T. Musso. “In Vitro and In Vivo Immune Stimulating Effects of a New Standardized Echinacea Angustifolia Root Ex-tract (Polinacea).” Fitoterapia 76 (2005): 401– 411.
Naser, B., B. Lund, H.–H. Henneicke–von Zepelin, G. Kohler, W. Lehmacher, and F. Scaglione. “A Ran-domized, Double–Blind, Placebo–Controlled, Clinical Dose–Response Trial of an Extract of Baptisia, Echinacea and Thuja for the Treatment of Patients with Common Cold.” Phytomedicine 12 (2005): 715–722.
Pellati, Federica, Stefania Benvenuti, Lara Magro, Michele Melegari, and Fabrizia Soragni. “Analysis of Phenolic Compounds and Radical Scavenging Activity of Echinacea Spp.” Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 35 (2004): 289–301.
Rehman, Jalees, Jennifer M. Dillow, Steve M. Carter, James Chou, Brian Le, and Alan S. Maisel. “In-creased Production of Antigen–Specific Immunoglobulins G and M Following in Vivo Treatment with the Medicinal Plants Echinacea Angustifolia and Hydrastis Canadensis.” Immunology Letters 68 (1999): 391–395.
Rousseau, Bernard, Ichiro Tateya, XinHong Lim, Alejandro Munoz–del–Rio, and Diane M. Bless. “Inves-tigation of Anti–Hyaluronidase Treatment on Vocal Fold Wound Healing.” Journal of Voice 20, 3 (2006): 443–451.
Schoop, Roland, Peter Klein, Andy Suter, and Sebastian L. Johnston. “Echinacea in the Prevention of Induced Rhinovirus Colds: A Meta–Analysis.” Clinical Therapeutics/Volume 28, 2 (2006): 174–183.
Schwarz, E., A. Parlesak, H.–H. Henneicke–von Zepelin, J.C. Bode, and C. Bode. “Effect of Oral Admin-istration of Freshly Pressed Juice of Echinacea Purpurea on the Number of Various Subpopulations of B– and T–Lymphocytes in Healthy Volunteers: Results of a Double–Blind, Placebo–Controlled Cross–Over Study.” Phytomedicine 12 (2005): 625–631.
Speroni, E., P. Govoni, S. Guizzardi, C. Renzulli, and M.C. Guerra. “Anti–Inflammatory and Cicatrizing Activity of Echinacea Pallida Nutt. Root Extract.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology 79 (2002): 265–272.
Thompson, Kenneth D. “Antiviral Activity of Viracea® Against Acyclovir Susceptible and Acyclovir Re-sistant Strains of Herpes Simplex Virus.” Antiviral Research 39 (1998): 55–61.
Thude, S., B. Classen, W. Blaschek, D. Barz, and H. Thude. “Binding Studies of an Arabinogalactan–Protein from Echinacea Purpurea to Leucocytes.” Phytomedicine 13 (2006): 425–427.
Thygesen, Line, Johanna Thulin, Alan Mortensen, Leif H. Skibsted, and Per Molgaard. “Antioxidant Ac-tivity of Cichoric Acid and Alkamides from Echinacea Purpurea, Alone and in Combination.” Food Chem-istry 101 (2007): 74–81.
Elder
Ahmadiani, A., M. Fereidoni, S. Semnanian, M. Kamalinejad, and S. Saremi. “Antinociceptive and Anti–inflammatory Effects of Sambucus Ebulus Rhizome Extract in Rats.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology 61 (1998): 229–235.
Bergner, Paul. “Elderberry (Sambucus Nigra, Canadensis).” Medical Herbalism 8, 4 (1996–1997).
Buhrmester, Rex A., John E. Ebinger, and David S. Seigler. “Sambunigrin and Cyanogenic Variability in Populations of Sambucus Canadensis L. (Caprifoliaceae).” Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 28 (2000): 689–695.
Caceres, Armando, Brenda R. Lopez, Melba A. Giron, and Heidi Logemann. “Plants Used in Guatemala for the Treatment of Dermatophytic Infections. 1. Screening for Antimycotic Activity of 44 Plant Ex-tracts.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology 31 (1991): 263–276.
Caceres, Armando, Orlando Cano, Blanca Samayoa and Leila Aguilar. “Plants Used in Guatemala for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Disorders. 1. Screening of 84 Plants Against Enterobacteria.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology 30 (1990): 55–73.
Dawidowicza, Andrzej L., Dorota Wianowska, and Barbara Baraniak. “The Antioxidant Properties of Al-coholic Extracts from Sambucus Nigra L. (Antioxidant Properties of Extracts).” LWT 39 (2006): 308–315.
Hernández, Nancy E., M.L. Tereschuk, and L.R. Abdala. “Antimicrobial Activity of Flavonoids in Medici-nal Plants from Tafí del Valle (Tucumán, Argentina).” Journal of Ethnopharmacology 73 (2000): 317–322.
Jordheim, Monica, Nils Harald Giske, and Øyvind M. Andersen. “Anthocyanins in Caprifoliaceae.” Bio-chemical Systematics and Ecology 35 (2007): 153–159.
Losey, Robert J., Nancy Stenholm, Patty Whereat–Phillips, and Helen Vallianatos. “Exploring the Use of Red Elderberry (Sambucus Racemosa) Fruit on the Southern Northwest Coast of North America.” Journal of Archaeological Science 30 (2003): 695–707.
McCutcheon, A.R., T.E. Roberts, E. Gibbions, S.M. Ellis, L.A. Babiuk, R.E.W. Hancock, and G.H.N. Tow-ers. “Antiviral Screening of British Columbian Medicinal Plants.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology 49 (1995): 101–110.
Eleuthero
Baranov, A.I. “Medicinal Uses of Ginseng and Related Plants in the Soviet Union: Recent Trends in the Soviet Literature.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology 6 (1982): 339–353.
Brekhman, I.I. and Kirillov, O.I. “Effect of Eleutherococcus on Alarm–Phase of Stress.” Life Sciences 8 (1989): 113–121.
Carlo, G. Di, Pacilio M., Capasso, R., and Carlo R. Di. “Effect on Prolactin Secretion of Echinacea Pur-purea, Hypericum Perforatum and Eleutherococcus Senticosus”. Phytomedicine 12 (2005): 644–647.
Cicero, A.F.G., Derosa, G., Brillante, R., Bernard, R., Nascett, S., and Gadd, A. “Effects of Siberian Gin-seng (Eleutherococcus Maxim.) on Elderly Quality of Life: A Randomized Clinical Trial.” Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr. Suppl. 9 (2004): 69–73.
Davydov, Marina and Krikorian, A.D. “Eleutherococcus Senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim. (Araliace-ae) as an Adaptogen: A Closer Look.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology 72 (2000): 345–393.
Gaffney, Ben T., Hügel, Helmut M., and Rich, Peter A. “The Effects of Eleutherococcus Senticosus and Panax Ginseng on Steroidal Hormone Indices of Stress and Lymphocyte Subset Numbers in Endurance Athletes.” Life Sciences 70 (2001): 431–442.
Gaffney, Ben T., Hügel, Helmut M., and Rich, Peter A. “Panax ginseng and Eleutherococcus Senticosus may Exaggerate an Already Existing Biphasic Response to Stress via Inhibition of Enzymes which Limit the Binding of Stress Hormones to their Receptors.” Medical Hypotheses 56 (2001): 567–572.
Glatthaar–Saalmüller, Bernadette, Sacher, Fritz, and Esperester, Anke. “Antiviral Activity of an Extract Derived from Roots of Eleutherococcus Senticosus.” Antiviral Research 50 (2001): 223–228.
Kimura,Yoshiyuki and Sumiyoshi, Maho. Effects of Various Eleutherococcus Senticosus Cortex on Swimming Time, Natural Killer Activity and Corticosterone Level in Forced Swimming Stressed Mice.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology 95 (2004): 447–453.
Yua, C.Y., Kim, S.H., Lim, J.D. Kim, M.J., and Chung, I.M. “Intraspecific Relationship Analysis by DNA Markers and In Vitro Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Activity in Eleutherococcus Senticosus.” Toxicology in Vitro 17 (2003): 229–236.
Ephedra
Carlini, E.A. “Plants and the Central Nervous System.” Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 75 (2003): 501–512.
Dong, Xiangchao, Wei Wang, Shujuan Ma, Hui Sun, Yan Li, and Jingqiang Guo. “Molecularly Imprinted Solid–Phase Extraction of Ephedrine from Chinese Ephedra.” Journal of Chromatography A, 1070 (2005): 125–130.
Feresin, Gabriela Egly, Alejandro Tapia, Silvia N. López, and Susana A. Zacchino. “Antimicrobial Activity of Plants Used in Traditional Medicine of San Juan Province, Argentine.” Journal of Ethnopharmacolo-gy 78 (2001): 103–107.
Gurni, A. Alberto and Marcelo L. Wagner. “Proanthocyanidins from some Argentine Species of Ephed-ra.” Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 12, 3 (1984): 319–320.
Konno, Chohachi, Takashi Taguchi, Misturu Tamada, and Hiroshi Hikino. “Ephedroxane, Anti–Inflammatory Principle of Ephedra Herbs.” Phytochemistry 18 (1979): 697–698.
Pellati, Federica and Stefania Benvenuti. “Determination of Ephedrine Alkaloids in Ephedra Natural Products Using HPLC on a Pentafluorophenylpropyl Stationary Phase.” Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis xxx (2007): xxx–xxx (Article in Press).
Sulzer, David, Mark S. Sonders, Nathan W. Poulsen, and Aurelio Galli. “Mechanisms of Neurotransmit-ter Release by Amphetamines: A review.” Progress in Neurobiology 75 (2005): 406–433.
Eucalyptus
Amakura, Yoshiaki, Yukiko Umino, Sumiko Tsuji, Hideyuki Ito, Tsutomu Hatano, Takashi Yoshida, and Yasuhide Tonogai. “Constituents and their Antioxidative Effects in Eucalyptus Leaf Extract Used as a Natural Food Additive.” Food Chemistry 77 (2002): 47–56.
Hasegawa, Tatsuya, Fumihide Takano, Takanobu Takata, Masato Niiyama, and Tomihisa Ohta. “Bioac-tive Monoterpene Glycosides Conjugated with Gallic Acid from the Leaves of Eucalyptus Globulus.” Phytochemistry 69 (2008): 747–753.
Silva, Jeane, Worku Abebe, S.M. Sousa, V.G. Duarte, M.I.L. Machado, F.J.A. Matos. “Analgesic and An-ti–inflammatory Effects of Essential Oils of Eucalyptus.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology 89 (2003): 277–283.
Fennel
Damjanovic, Biljana, Zika Lepojevic, Vladimir Zivkovic, and Aleksandar Tolic. “Extraction of Fennel (Foe-niculum Vulgare Mill.) Seeds with Supercritical CO2: Comparison with Hydrodistillation.” Food Chemis-try 92 (2005): 143–149
Choi, Eun–Mi and Jae–Kwan Hwang. “Antiinflammatory, Analgesic, and Antioxidant Activities of the Fruit of Foeniculum Vulgare.” Fitoterapia 75 (2004): 557– 565
Singh, Gurdip, Sumitra Maurya, M.P. de Lampasona, and C. Catalan. “Chemical Constituents, Antifun-gal and Antioxidative Potential of Foeniculum Vulgare Volatile Oil and its Acetone Extract.” Food Con-trol 17 (2006): 745–752.
Garlic
Arnault, Ingrid and Jacques Auger. “Seleno–Compounds in Garlic and Onion.” Journal of Chromatog-raphy A 1112 (2006): 23–30.
Bakri, I.M. and C.W.I. Douglas. “Inhibitory Effect of Garlic Extract on Oral Bacteria.” Archives of Oral Bi-ology 50 (2005): 645—651.
Bozin, Biljana, Neda Mimica–Dukic, Isidora Samojlik, Anackov Goran, and Ruzica Igic. “Phenolics as An-tioxidants in Garlic (Allium Sativum L., Alliaceae).” Food Chemistry 111 (2008): 925–929.
Koscielny, J., D. Klubendorf, R. Latza, R. Schmitt, H. Radtke, G. Siegel, and H. Kiesewetter. “The Anti-atherosclerotic Effect of Allium Sativum.” Atherosclerosis 144 (1999): 237–249.
Lanzotti, Virginia. “The Analysis of Onion and Garlic.” Journal of Chromatography A 1112 (2006): 3–22.
Nuutila, Anna Maria, Riitta Puupponen–Pimia, Marjukka Aarni, and Kirsi–Marja Oksman–Caldentey. “Comparison of Antioxidant Activities of Onion and Garlic Extracts by Inhibition of Lipid Peroxidation and Radical Scavenging Activity.” Food Chemistry 81 (2003): 485–493.
Suby, Oommen, Ruby John Anto, Gopal Srinivas, and Devarajan Karunagaran. “Allicin (from Garlic) In-duces Caspase–Mediated Apoptosis in Cancer Cells.” European Journal of Pharmacology 485 (2004): 97– 103.
Powolny, Anna A. and Shivendra V. Singh. “Multitargeted Prevention and Therapy of Cancer by Diallyl Trisulfide and Related Allium Vegetable–Derived Organosulfur Compounds.” Cancer Letters xxx (2008): xxx–xxx (Article in Press).
Shams–Ghahfarokhi, Masoomeh, Mohammad–Reza Shokoohamiri, Nasrin Amirrajab, Behnaz Moghadasi, Ali Ghajari, Farideh Zeini, Golnar Sadeghi, and Mehdi Razzaghi–Abyaneh. “In Vitro Anti-fungal Activities of Allium Cepa, Allium Sativum and Ketoconazole Against Some Pathogenic Yeasts and Dermatophytes.” Fitoterapia 77 (2006): 321–323.
Shukla, Yogeshwer and Pankaj Taneja. “Antimutagenic Effects of Garlic Extract on Chromosomal Aber-rations.” Cancer Letters 176 (2002): 31–36.
Ginger
Ajith, T.A., U. Hema, and M.S. Aswathy. “Zingiber Officinale Roscoe Prevents Acetaminophen–Induced Acute Hepatotoxicity by Enhancing Hepatic Antioxidant Status.” Food and Chemical Toxicology 45 (2007): 2267–2272.
Ajith, T.A., V. Nivitha, and S. Usha. “Zingiber Officinale Roscoe Alone and in Combination with a–Tocopherol Protect the Kidney Against Cisplatin–Induced Acute Renal Failure.” Food and Chemical Toxicology 45 (2007): 921–927.
Chaiyakunapruk, Nathorn, N. Kitikannakorn, S. Nathisuwan, K. Leeprakobboon, and C. Leelasettagoolc. “The Efficacy of Ginger for the Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting: A Meta–Analysis.” American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 194 (2006): 95–99.
Fischer–Rasmussen, Wiggo, S.K. Kjser, C. Dahl, and Ulla Asping. “Ginger Treatment of Hyperemesis Gravidarum.” European Joumat of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 38 (1990): 19–24.
Goyal, Ramesh K. and Sanjay V. Kadnur. “Beneficial Effects of Zingiber Officinale on Goldthioglucose Induced Obesity.” Fitoterapia 77 (2006): 160–163.
Jantan, I., I.A.A. Rafi, and J. Jalil. “Platelet–Activating Factor (PAF) Receptor–Binding Antagonist Activity of Malaysian Medicinal Plants.” Phytomedicine 12 (2005): 88–92.
Kim, Eok–Cheon, J.–K. Min, T.–Y. Kim, S.–J. Lee, H.–O. Yang, S. Han, Y.–M. Kim, and Y.–G. Kwon. “[6]–Gingerol, a Pungent Ingredient of Ginger, Inhibits Angiogenesis In Vitro and In Vivo.” Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 335 (2005): 300–308.
Kim, Misook, S.E. Hamilton, L.W. Guddat, and C.M. Overall. “Plant Collagenase: Unique Collagenolytic Activity of Cysteine Proteases from Ginger.” Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1770 (2007): 1627–1635.
Koo, Karen L.K., A.J. Ammit, V.H. Tran, C.C. Duke, and B.D. Roufogalis. “Gingerols and Related Ana-logues Inhibit Arachidonic Acid–Induced Human Platelet Serotonin Release and Aggregation. Throm-bosis Research 103 (2001): 387–397.
Lantz, R.C., G..J. Chen, M. Sarihan, A.M. Solyom, S.D. Jolad, and B.N. Timmermann. “The Effect of Ex-tracts from Ginger Rhizome on Inflammatory Mediator Production.” Phytomedicine 14 (2007): 123–128.
Lee, Hyun Sook, E.Y. Seo, N.E. Kang, and W.K. Kim. “[6]–Gingerol Inhibits Metastasis of MDA–MB–231 Human Breast Cancer Cells.” Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry xx (2007): xxx–xxx (Article in press).
Miyoshi, Noriyuki, Y. Nakamura, Y. Ueda, M. Abe, Y. Ozawa, K. Uchida, and T. Osawa. “Dietary Ginger Constituents, Galanals A and B, are Potent ApoptosisInducers in Human T Lymphoma Jurkat Cells. Can-cer Letters 199 (2003): 113–119.
Naveena, B.M., S.K. Mendiratta, A.S.R. Anjaneyulu. “Tenderization of Buffalo Meat Using Plant Prote-ases from Cucumis Trigonus Roxb (Kachri) and Zingiber Officinale Roscoe (Ginger Rhizome). Meat Sci-ence 68 (2004): 363–369.
Nicoll, Rachel and M.Y. Henein. “Ginger (Zingiber Officinale Roscoe): A Hot Remedy for Cardiovascular Disease?” International Journal of Cardiology xx (2007): xxx–xxx (Article in press).
Shukla, Yogeshwer and Madhulika Singh. “Cancer Preventive Properties of Ginger: A Brief Review.” Food and Chemical Toxicology 45 (2007): 683–690.
Stoilova, I., A. Krastanov, A. Stoyanova, P. Denev, and S. Gargova. “Antioxidant Activity of a Ginger Ex-tract (Zingiber Officinale).” Food Chemistry 102 (2007): 764–770.
Surh, Young–Joon. “Anti–Tumor Promoting Potential of Selected Spice Ingredients with Antioxidative and Anti–Inflammatory Activities: a Short Review.” Food and Chemical Toxicology 40 (2002): 1091–1097.
Thomson, M., K.K. Al–Qattan, S.M. Al–Sawan, M.A. Alnaqeeb, I. Khan, and M. Ali. “The Use of Ginger (Zingiber Officinale Rosc.) as a Potential Anti–Inflammatory and Antithrombotic Agent.” Prostaglan-dins, Leukotrienes and Essential FattyAcids 67, 6 (2002): 475–478.
Ginkgo
Dongen, Martien van, Erik van Rossum, Alphons Kessels, Hilde Sielhorst, and Paul Knipschild. “Ginkgo for Elderly People with Dementia and Age–Associated Memory Impairment: A Randomized Clinical Trial.” Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 56 (2003): 367–376.
Goh, Lena M. and Philip J. Barlow. “Antioxidant Capacity in Ginkgo Biloba.” Food Research International 35 (2002): 815–820.
Moulton, Patricia L., Leon N. Boyko, Joan L. Fitzpatrick, and Thomas V. Petros. “The Effect of Ginkgo Biloba on Memory in Healthy Male Volunteers.” Physiology & Behavior 73 (2001): 659– 665.
Smith, Paul F., Karyn Maclennan, and Cynthia L. Darlington. “The Neuroprotective Properties of the Ginkgo Biloba Leaf: A Review of the Possible Relationship to Platelet–Activating Factor (PAF).” Journal of Ethnopharmacology 50 (1996): 131–139.
Ginseng
Attele, Anoja S., Ji An Wu, and Chun–Su Yuan. “Ginseng Pharmacology: Multiple Constituents and Mul-tiple Actions.” Biochemical Pharmacology 58 (1999): 1685–1693.
Lee, Byung–Hwan, Jun–Ho Lee, Sang–Mok Lee, Sang Min Jeong, In–Soo Yoon, Joon–Hee Lee, Sun–Hye Choi, Mi Kyung Pyo, Hyewhon Rhim, Hyoung–Chun Kim, Choon–Gon Jang, Byoung–Cheol Lee, Chul–Seung Park, and Seung–Yeol. “Identification of Ginsenoside Interaction Sites in 5–HT3A Recep-tors.” Neuropharmacology 52 (2007): 1139–1150.
Choi, Kyungsun, Myungsun Kim, Jeonghee Ryu, and Chulhee Choi. “Ginsenosides Compound K and Rh2 Inhibit Tumor Necrosis Factor––Induced Activation of the NF–B and JNK Pathways in Human As-troglial Cells.” Neuroscience Letters 421 (2007): 37–41.
Dey, L., J.T. Xie, A. Wang, J. Wu, S.A. Maleckar, and C.–S. Yuan. “Anti–Hyperglycemic Effects of Gin-seng: Comparison Between Root and Berry.” Phytomedicine 10 (2003): 600–605.
Gaffney, Ben T., Helmut M. Hügel, and Peter A. Rich. “The Effects of Eleutherococcus Senticosus and Panax Ginseng on Steroidal Hormone Indices of Stress and Lymphocyte Subset Numbers in Endurance Athletes.” Life Sciences 70 (2001): 431–442.
Gaffney, B.T., H.M. Hügel, and P.A. Rich. “Panax Ginseng and Eleutherococcus Senticosus May Exag-gerate an Already Existing Biphasic Response to Stress Via Inhibition of Enzymes which Limit the Bind-ing of Stress Hormones to their Receptors.” Medical Hypotheses 56, 5 (2001): 567–572.
Hong, Bumsik, Toung Hwan Ji, Jun Hyuk Hong, Ki Yeul Nam, and Tai Young Ahn. “A Double–Blind Cross-over Study Evaluating the Efficacy of Korean Red Ginseng in Patients with Erectile Dysfunction: A Pre-liminary Report.” The Journal of Urology 168 (2002): 2070–2073.
Kim, Seung–Hwan and Kyung–Shin Park. “Effects of Panax Ginseng Extract on Lipid Metabolism in Hu-mans.” Pharmacological Research 48 (2003): 511–513.
Kennedy, David O. and Andrew B. Scholey. “Ginseng: Potential for the Enhancement of Cognitive Per-formance and Mood.” Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 75 (2003): 687–700.
Kennedy, D.O., A.B. Scholey and, K.A. Wesnes. “Modulation of Cognition and Mood Following Admin-istration of Single Doses of Ginkgo Biloba, Ginseng, and a Ginkgo/Ginseng Combination to Healthy Young Adults.” Physiology & Behavior 75 (2002): 739– 751.
Lee, Sung Pil, Kazuki Honda, Young Ho Rhee, and Shojiro Inoue. “Chronic Intake of Panax Ginseng Ex-tract Stabilizes Sleep and Wakefulness in Food–Deprived Rats.” Neuroscience Letters 111 (1990): 217–221.
Li, Wei, Kazuo Koike, Yoshihisa Asada, Takafumi Yoshikawa, and Tamotsu Nikaido. “Biotransformation of Umbelliferone by Panax Ginseng Root Cultures.” Tetrahedron Letters Pergamon 43 (2002): 5633–5635.
Liao, Baisong, Harold Newmark, and Renping Zhou. “Neuroprotective Effects of Ginseng Total Saponin and Ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 on Spinal Cord Neurons In Vitro.” Experimental Neurology 173 (2002): 224–234.
Liu, Juntla, Shu Wang, Hongtao Liu, Liping Yang, and Guozhu Nan. “Stilmulatory Effect of Saponin from Panax Ginseng on Immune Function of Lymphocytes in the Elderly.” Mechanisms of Ageing and De-velopment 83 (1995): 43–53.
Liu, W.K., S.X. Xu, and C.T. Che. “Anti–Proliferative Effect of Ginseng Saponins on Human Prostate Cancer Cell Line. Life Sciences 67 (2000): 1297–1306.
Naval, M.V., M.P. Gomez–Serranillos, M.E. Carretero, and A.M. Villar. “Neuroprotective Effect of a Ginseng (Panax Ginseng) Root Extract on Astrocytes Primary Culture.”Journal of Ethnopharmacology 112 (2007): 262–270.
Nocerino, Emilia, Marianna Amato, and Angelo A. Izzo. “The Aphrodisiac and Adaptogenic Properties of Ginseng.” Fitoterapia 71 (2000): S1–S5.
Oliveira, A.C. Cabral de, A.C. Perez, J.G. Prieto, I.D.G. Duarte, and A.I. Alvarez. “Protection of Panax Ginseng in Injured Muscles After Eccentric Exercise.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology 97 (2005): 211–214.
See, Darryl M., Nikki Broumand, Lisa Sahl, and Jeremiah G. Tilles. “In Vitro Effects of Echinacea and Gin-seng on Natural Killer and Antibody–Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity in Healthy Subjects and Chronic Fa-tigue Syndrome or Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Patients.” lmmunopharmacology 35 (1997): 229–235.
Shah, Zahoor Ahmad, Rabia Afzal Gilani, Pragya Sharma, and Shashi Bharat Vohora. “Cerebroprotective Effect of Korean Ginseng Tea Against Global and Focal Models of Ischemia in Rats.” Journal of Eth-nopharmacology 101 (2005): 299–307.
Shi, Wei, Yutang Wang, Juan Li, Hanqi Zhang, and Lan Ding. “Investigation of Ginsenosides in Different Parts and Ages of Panax Ginseng.” Food Chemistry 102 (2007): 664–668.
Tachikawa, Eiichi, Kenzo Kudo, Hideo Hasegawa, Takeshi Kashimoto, Kazuhiko Sasaki, Masao Miyazaki, Hideharu Taira, and Jon M. Lindstrom. “In Vitro Inhibition of Adrenal Catecholamine Secretion by Ste-roidal Metabolites of Ginseng Saponins.” Biochemical Pharmacology 66 (2003): 2213–2221.
Vuksan, Vladimir and John L. Sievenpiper. “Herbal Remedies in the Management of Diabetes: Lessons Learned from the Study of Ginseng.” Nutrition, Metabolism & Cardiovascular Diseases 15 (2005): 149–160.
Vuksan, Vladimir, Mi–Kyung Sung, John L. Sievenpiper, P. Mark Stavro, Alexandra L. Jenkins, Marco Di Buono, Kwang–Seung Lee, Lawrence A. Leiter, Ki Yeul Nam, John T. Arnason, Melody Choi, and Asima Naeem. “Korean Red Ginseng (Panax Ginseng) Improves Glucose and Insulin Regulation in Well–Controlled, Type 2 Diabetes: Results of a Randomized, Double–Blind, Placebo–Controlled Study of Effi-cacy and Safety.” Nutrition, Metabolism & Cardiovascular Diseases 18 (2008): 46–56.
Xiaoguang, Chen, Liu Hongyan, Lei Xiaohong, Fu Zhaodi, Li Yan, Tao Lihua, and Han Rui. “Cancer Chem-opreventive and Therapeutic Activities of Red Ginseng.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology 60 (1998): 71–78.
Xie, J.T., Y.–P. Zhou, L. Dey, A.S. Attele, J.A. Wu, M. Gu, K.S. Polonsky, and C.–S. Yuan. “Ginseng Berry Reduces Blood Glucose and Body Weight in db/db Mice.” Phytomedicine 9 (2002): 254–258.
Yu, Lin–Chien, Sung–Ching Chen, Wei–Chun Chang, Ya–Chun Huang, Kurt M. Lin, Po–Hong Lai, and Hsing–Wen Sung. “Stability of Angiogenic Agents, Ginsenoside Rg1 and Re, Isolated from Panax Gin-seng: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies.” International Journal of Pharmaceutics 328 (2007): 168–176.
Yun, Taik–Koo. “Experimental and Epidemiological Evidence on Non–Organ Specific Cancer Preventive Effect of Korean Ginseng and Identification of Active Compounds.” Mutation Research 523–524 (2003): 63–74.
Gotu kola
Asakawa, Y., Matsuda, R., and Takemoto, T. “Mono– and Sesquiterpenoids from Hydrocotyle and Cen-tella Species.” Phytochemistry 21, 10 (1982): 2590–2592.
Grimaldi, R., Ponti, F. de, D’Angelo, L.D., Caravaggi, M., Guidi, G., Lecchini, S., Frigo, G.M., and Crema, A. “Pharmacokinetics of the Total Triterpenic Fraction of Centella Asiatica After Single and Multiple Administrations to healthy Volunteers. A New Assay for Asiatic Acid.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology 28 (1990): 235–241.
Hamid, A. Abdul, Shah, Z.M., Muse, R., and Mohamed, S. “Characterisation of Antioxidative Activities of Various Extracts of Centella Asiatica (L) Urban.” Food Chemistry 77 (2002): 465–469.
Inamdar, E.K., Yeole, R.D., Ghogare, A.B., Souza, N.J. de. “Determination of Biologically Active Constit-uents in Centella Asiatica.” Journal of Chromatography A, 742 (1996): 127–130.
Kimura, Y., Sumiyoshi, M., Samukawa, K., Satake, N., Sakanaka, M. “Facilitating Action of Asiaticoside at Low Doses on Burn Wound Repair and its Mechanism.” European Journal of Pharmacology 584 (2008): 415–423.
Sampson, J.H., Raman, A., Karlsen, G., Navsaria, H., and Leigh, I. M. “In Vitro Keratinocyte Antiprolifer-ant Effect of Centella Asiatica Extract and Triterpenoid Saponins.” Phytomedicine 8, 3 (2001): 230–235.
Shukla, A., Rasik, A.M., Jain, G.K., Shankar, R., Kulshrestha, D.K., Dhawan, B.N. “In Vitro and In Vivo Wound Healing Activity of Asiaticoside Isolated from Centella Asiatica.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology 65 (1999): 1–11.
Subathra, M., Shila, S., Devi, M.A., and Panneerselvam, C. “Emerging Role of Centella Asiatica in Im-proving Age–Related Neurological Antioxidant Status.” Experimental Gerontology 40 (2005): 707–715.
Wang, Xue Song, Liu, L., and Fang, Ji Nian. “Immunological Activities and Structure of Pectin from Cen-tella Asiatica” Carbohydrate Polymers 60 (2005): 95–101.
Wattanathorn, J., Mator, L., Muchimapura, S., Tongun, T., Pasuriwong, O., Piyawatkul, N., Yimtae, K., Sripanidkulchai, and B., Singkhoraard, J. “Positive Modulation of Cognition and Mood in the Healthy Elderly Volunteer Following the Administration of Centella Asiatica.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology 116 (2008): 325–332.
Weckerle, Caroline S., Michael A. Stutz, and Thomas W. Baumann. “Purine Alkaloids in Paullinia.” Phy-tochemistry 64 (2003): 735–742.
Yu, Quan Lin, Duan, Hong Quan, Gao, Wen Yuan, and Takaishi, Yoshihisa. “A New Triterpene and a Saponin from Centella Asiatica.” Chinese Chemical Letters 18 (2007): 62–64.
Zainol, M.K., Abd–Hamid, A., Yusof, S., and Muse, R. “Antioxidative Activity and Total Phenolic Com-pounds of Leaf, Root and Petiole of Four Accessions of Centella Asiatica (L.) Urban.” Food Chemistry 81 (2003): 575–581.
Grindelia
Fraternale, Daniele, Laura Giamperi, Anahi Bucchini,and Donata Ricci. “Essential Oil Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Aerial Parts of Grindelia Robusta from Central Italy.” Fitoterapia 78 (2007): 443–445.
Guaraná
Espinola, E.B., R.F. Dias, R. Mattei, and E.A. Carlini. “Pharmacological Activity of Guarana (Paullinia Cupana Mart.) in Laboratory Animals.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology 55 (1997): 223–229.
Fukumasu, H., J.L. Avanzo, R. Heidor, T.C. Silva, A. Atroch, F.S. Moreno, and M.L.Z. Dagli. “Protective Effects of Guarana (Paullinia Cupana Mart. var. Sorbilis) Against DEN–Induced DNA Damage on Mouse Liver.” Food and Chemical Toxicology 44 (2006): 862–867.
Henman, Anthony Richard. “Guarana (Paullinia Cupana var. Sorbilis): Ecological and Social Perspectives on as Economical Plant of the Central Amazon Basin.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology 6 (1982): 311–338.
Kennedy, D.O., C.F. Haskell, K.A. Wesnes, and A.B. Scholey. “Improved Cognitive Performance in Hu-man Volunteers Following Administration of Guarana (Paullinia Cupana) Extract: Comparison and In-teraction with Panax Ginseng.” Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 79 (2004): 401–411.
Majhenic, Lucija, Mojca Skerget, and Zeljko Knez. “Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Guarana Seed Extracts.” Food Chemistry 104 (2007): 1258–1268.
Hawthorn
Degenring, F. H., A. Suter, M. Weber, and R. Saller. “A Randomised Double Blind Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial of a Standardised Extract of Fresh Crataegus Berries (Crataegisan®) in the Treatment of Patients with Congestive Heart Failure NYHA II.” Phytomedicine 10 (2003): 363–369.
Ozcan, Musa, Haydar Hacıseferogulları, Tamer Marakoglu, and Derya Arslan. “Hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) Fruit: Some Physical and Chemical Properties.” Journal of Food Engineering 69 (2005): 409–413.
Svedstrom, Ulla, Heikki Vuorela, Risto Kostiainen, Jari Tuominen, Juha Kokkonen, Jussi–Pekka Rauha, Into Laakso, Raimo Hiltunen. “Isolation and Identification of Oligomeric Procyanidins from Crataegus Leaves and Flowers.” Phytochemistry 60 (2002): 821–825.
Veveris, Maris, Egon Koch, and Shyam S. Chatterjee. “Crataegus Special Extract WSR 1442 Improves Cardiac Function and Reduces Infarct Size in a Rat Model of Prolonged Coronary Ischemia and Reperfu-sion.” Life Sciences 74 (2004): 1945–1955.
Zick, Suzanna M., Brenda Gillespie, and Keith D. Aaronson. “The Effect of Crataegus Oxycantha Special Extract WS 1442 on Clinical Progression in Patients with Mild to Moderate Symptoms of Heart Failure.” European Journal of Heart Failure 10 (2008): 587–593.
Hops
Chadwick, L.R., G.F. Pauli, and N.R. Farnsworth. “The Pharmacognosy of Humulus Lupulus L. (Hops) with an Emphasis on Estrogenic Properties.” Phytomedicine 13 (2006): 119–131.
Delmulle, L., A. Bellahcene, W. Dhooge, F. Comhaire, F. Roelens, K. Huvaere, A. Heyerick, V. Castrono-vo, and D. De Keukeleire. “Anti–Proliferative Properties of Prenylated Flavonoids from Hops (Humulus Lupulus L.) in Human Prostate Cancer Cell Lines.” Phytomedicine 13 (2006): 732–734.
Gerhauser, Clarissa. “Beer Constituents as Potential Cancer Chemopreventive Agents.” European Journal of Cancer 41 (2005): 1941–1954.
Heyerick, Arne, Stefaan Vervarcke, Herman Depy