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Your editorial was informative and thoughtful. But you missed a salient point: that Mali, like so many ex-colonial countries, was and is an artefact. Carved in the 60s from French West Africa, it never was a unity and probably never will be.
It is too late now, but we Europeans carry a heavy responsibility, not only for the famine, climate change and the military and political interference to which you rightly refer, but also for making Mali the shape it is.
Just look at a map of Africa – with chunks bitten out of the west coast especially – and all those arbitrary and often straight lines bearing little relationship to human and linguistic realities. We owe to Africa a huge mea culpa and not just the military interventions that are so commonplace and so problematic.
Paul King
Chesterfield
Local recipe for high street
Heather Stewart made some very interesting points on Mary Portas's suggestions for improving Britain's high streets (, Business). Creative thinking by councils to diversify from the cloning of our cities by offering subsidy to start-up businesses would be very helpful,[http://www.louisvuittonsaleukoutletcheap.co.uk louis vuitton outlet]. Our small independent bookselling business, Handpicked Books, has benefited from Sheffield City Council backing a new emporium, Bird's Yard,[http://www.cheapbagsmlberryuksale.co.uk Mulberry bags], in the city centre. There are several designers, from fashion and vintage to a deli,[http://www.louisvuittonsaleukoutletcheap.co.uk louis vuitton outlet], craft workers, jewellers and our books. We are new businesses that could not afford to open separate shops but can benefit by sharing premises. Could this be the way for shopping in the future?
Ros Witten
Sheffield
British research under threat
The government has rushed through a policy on the publication of publicly funded research that poses a real threat to the international standing of British universities and research.
David Willetts,[http://www.cloboutinsaleukshoes.co.uk cheap christian louboutin], the minister of state for universities and science, who has spearheaded this policy on open access, has been able to push it through with negligible resistance because no legislation is necessary. We support the idea of more open access to academic research,[http://www.chrilouboutinshoesoutletsale.co.uk christian louboutin shoes]. There are, however,[http://www.louisvuittonsaleukoutletcheap.co.uk louis vuitton handbags], a number of problems. First, lack of consultation has meant the policy has been shaped largely by considerations specific to the science, technology, engineering and mathematics (Stem) community.
Second, the new model of having authors pay to publish their article may well increase the total outlay on publications by British universities, since they will need to continue to subscribe to international journals but now also pay fees to publish in UK journals.
Third, the policy will create a system of gatekeepers at the university level who will control access to the funds that allow authors to publish,[http://www.cloboutinsaleukshoes.co.uk cheap christian louboutin].
Finally, the insistence that all articles published under the "author pays" model must allow unlimited commercial and non-commercial use of the article will mean authors effectively lose control over their work. There are alternative routes to open access, but these too require close attention to their potential impact on the full range of disciplines. We urge the government to work with us to develop a policy that will open access without sacrificing academic freedom or academic quality.
Professor Charlie Jeffery
Chair, Political Studies Association
Professor Peter Mandler, President, Royal Historical Society
Professor Stephen Hutchings, President, British Association for Slavonic and East European Studies
Dr Graham Harvey, President, British Association for the Study of Religions
Dr Michael Brady, Director, British Philosophical Association
Professor Roy Gibson, Classical Association
Professor Ad Neeleman, President, Linguistics Association of Great Britain
Professor Miranda Fricker, Director, Mind Association
Professor Thomas Schmidt, Chair, National Association for Music in Higher Education
Professor Andrew Beer, Chair Regional Studies Association
Professor John Beath, Secretary-General, Royal Economic Society
Professor Jill Jameson, Chair,[http://www.cloboutinsaleukshoes.co.uk christian louboutin uk], Society for Research into Higher Education
A Clarion call to cycling
It is a shame that you failed to note the significance of the fact that the cyclists in the picture of Harrogate c1900 are prominently holding copies of the Clarion newspaper (, News). This would identify them as members of the Clarion Cycling Club, one of numerous cultural offshoots of Robert Blatchford's popular socialist weekly the Clarion. With the advent of the safety bicycle, ordinary men and women were offered an escape from long working hours and poor living conditions. It also gave them an enjoyable way of spreading the message that socialism could change that world,[http://www.cloboutinsaleukshoes.co.uk christian louboutin uk].
Martin Crick
Barnsley
Darwin's rival is no fossil
Alfred Russel Wallace is most certainly not forgotten (, News). At Cardiff University, the main lecture theatre used by students studying earth and ocean sciences is named after him, and this autumn we start a series of public lectures celebrating the great man, with eminent speakers from around the world. I doubt whether David Attenborough and others would have agreed to speak if the subject matter was "forgotten".
Dr Simon Wakefield
Earth and Ocean Sciences
Cardiff University
Roy Strong's leafy launchpad
Roy Strong describes himself as "a young man from nowhere who went somewhere" (, News). Actually, he came from a leafy road in a pleasant north London suburb – I was there too – and went to one of the two local grammar schools,[http://www.louboutinshoescheapuksaleoutlet.co.uk christian louboutin sale]. Not a bad beginning for getting "somewhere".
Keith Davidson
Hemel Hempstead
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