Foreshadowed in previous mojigangas and lavish masquerades, ballet emerged as a distinct form in Italy before the 16th cent. The first ballet that combines movement, music, decorations and special effects was introduced in France at the court of Catherine de Medici in 1581. Organized by the violinist Baldassare Beaujoyeux, he had a classic theme, lasted six hours, was carried out between guests (it was higher stages) and was entitled Le Ballet Comique de la Reine. This production was the first ballet de cour, the ancestor of modern ballet, which influenced the English court masque, interludes of dance entertainment of the 16th century the first treatise on ballet dancing was Thoinot Orchésographie Arbeau (1588).
The 17th cent. He saw the significant development of ballet in France. Originally a court entertainment, entrees ranged simple c.1610 and united to form scenes, call diversion, culminating in a large ballet. Ballet also became a hobby and obsession court. Louis XIV himself studied with ballet master Pierre Beauchamps for 20 years. Ballet ‘Sun King’ founded the Royal Academy (1661), the Royal Academy of Music (1669), which became the Paris Opera, and the first National School of Ballet (1672). All the pieces were performed by male dancers; guys in wigs and masks took the female roles.
The first ballet using trained women was The Triumph of Love (1681), with music by Lully. Ballet held a show of cutting and included opera or theater until around 1708, when the first ballet was commissioned for public performance. Since then the road, infused with new ideas, developed as an independent art (although the court ballet continued its historical traditions). Choreographic notation came into force, and mythological themes were explored.
With the growing influence of the Italian school of ballet, movement became classic five positions of the feet, which form the basis of the position and movement of the dancer, established by Pierre Beauchamps less high and horizontal, and. The suits, which were complicated by the decor, long skirts and high heels (for both men and women) were newly designed to allow greater freedom of movement. The virtuoso dancer Marie Camargo, who introduced the entrechat (elevation) for women, shortened mid-calf skirts and stockings using and what would be the first ballet shoes (flat shoes). Her rival, Marie Salle (who was also the first female choreographer), was the first dancer to lead a Greek leakage of liquid, two centuries later popularized by Isadora Duncan.
Jean Georges Noverre, ballet maitre revolutionary 18th century, established the determining principles of ballet d’action, which he described in his Lettres sur la danse et les ballets (1760). Ballet wanted to tell a story with the help of music, decor, and dance; I want the interpreter to interpret its role through dance and through his own body and facial expression. By emphasizing naturalism, Noverre simplifies c.1773 abolished costumes and mask. Other important innovations came from the great artists of the time, Gaetan and Auguste Vestris, Salvatore Vigano, and Charles Didelot. Technical innovation in dance movement increased after a new ballet costume change.
The Romantic era and Eclipse Ballet
In Milan in 1820 was the first ballet technique Carlo Blasis as we know it today, with its emphasis on the leg again, allowing a variety of movements. With the production of La Sylphide (1832) formally began the Romantic period, ushering in a new era of the brilliant choreography that emphasized the beauty and virtuosity of the prima ballerina. In this first production Maria Taglioni wore filmy dress, calf became standard for classical ballet. The great dancers of the time included Taglioni, Fanny Elssler, Carlotta Grisi and Fanny Cerrito. According to the literature and art of the Romantic movement, the new ballet was referring to conflicts of reality and illusion, the flesh and the spirit. Love stories and fairy tales replaced mythological themes.
At the same time dancing sur les pointes [in the toes] had come into favor. At the end of the century it had appeared blocked toe Tutu, a very short time, completely free buoyant skirt legs, had come into use. The dancer worked as a partner to support the dancer, the central focus of dance and theater. Ballet decreased progressively since 1850 with the ballet d’action giving way entirely to divertissements; Finally, the big stars were removed and the sets, costumes, choreography and had become stereotyped and uninteresting. The naturalistic trend in the theater had destroyed everything but the necessary imaginative touch ballet.
Modern Ballet Renaissance
Russian Ballet
The renaissance in the romantic ballet began in Russia after 1875. The Russian Imperial Ballet School was founded in 1738. During the first hundred 19A. Imperial Theatre occupies more than 40 ballet productions staged by the famous Swedish master Charles Didelot. Marius Petipa, who created a powerful sense of unity through the rigorous training of the dancers who had not done before, indicates the direction of romantic drama intensified recently revived that art was taking in his choreography. He contributed many of the Petipa ballets being considered the greatest expressions of the form, including Don Quixote, La Bayadere, The Sleeping Beauty, Raymonda, Giselle arlequinada and restagings, Coppélia, La Sylphide, and Lev Ivanov Swan Lake.
In 1909 the famous impresario Sergei Diaghilev brought his Russian company to Paris, and for 20 years dominated the world of dance, showing the creative talent of the dancers and choreographers as Michel Fokine, Leonide Massine, Vaslav Nijinsky, Bronislava Nijinska, Anna Pavlova and George Balanchine. The brilliant performances of Nijinsky also helped to re-emphasize the importance of the ballerina. After Diaghilev’s death in 1929, stems formed by René Blum and Colonel W. de Basil, the Diaghilev tradition kept alive for 1930 the company merged with Blum and Basil Russian Ballet of Monte Carlo, nurturing the talent of Alexandra Danilova, Andre Eglevsky, and Igor Youskevitch.
Russian dance has remained at the highest level of excellence today. Bolshoi Ballet in Moscow, which brought fame to Galina Ulanova, Maya Plisetskaya, and VM Gordeyev, and the Kirov Ballet (since 1991 the Mariinsky Ballet of St. Petersburg), which included dancers Rudolf Nureyev, Natalia Makarova and Mikhail Baryshnikov are two Large Russian companies are among the best in the world.
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