"The Holistic Prevention, Management of PCOs analysed through Conventional Medicine Research and Studies" provides you the accurate information of the use of natural sources to prevent, management and treatment of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, because all presentations are proven through convention research and studies found in PubMed. This is the second time, a research paper have been written this way to general public that you will not find where in the net. We would like to provide more of this kind the research, but unfortunately, it is time consuming and burden financially, we have run out of time and the site will be shut down Monday(July 6, 2015). If you like what you read, please donate generously to our site.
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Kyle J. Norton
Traditional Chinese Medicine Perspective in Management and Treatment of PCOs (Unaudited)
While conventional medicine use synthetic medication to induce ovulation and assisted artificial insemination if the medicine fail, traditional Chinese medicine views polycystic ovarian syndrome in different approaches.
Polycystic ovary syndrome, according to traditional Chinese medicine is a medical condition characterized by accumulative of fluid over a prolonged period of time causes of dampness and phlegms(247a)(247b) build up on the ovaries due to the effects of vary differentiations, affecting not only the women’s menstrual cycle, but also ovulation and fertility(1247a)(247b).
Symptoms
According to statistic, most common symptoms of Chinese women with PCOs in traditional Chinese medicine include(1247)
1. Abdomen pain before menstrual onset
2. Obfuscation color
3. Cold lower abdomen
4. Insomnia
5. Fatigue
6. Eyes dark, face dark or ring lip dark, before and after menstruation
7. Chest tightness
8. Irritability
9. Depression
10. Lower abdomen pain during menstruation
11. Breast swelling
12. Etc.
Differentiation
Depending to differentiation of the diseases, PCOs according to TCM can be classified onto
A. General syndrome
1. Kidney deficiency syndrome(1246)
2. Stagnation of Qi and blood stasis(1246)
3. Dampness heat of liver(1246)(1248)
4. Stagnation of phlegm dampness syndrome(1246)
B. Single or combination syndrome
4. Kidney Yang deficiency and blood stasis(1247)
5. Kidney Yang deficiency (1247)(1248)
6. Kidney Yin deficiency and blood stasis(1147)
7. Kidney Yin deficiency and liver Qi stagnation syndrome(1247)
8. Kidney Yang deficiency and phlegm dampness stagnation(1247)
9. Kidney Yin deficiency(147)(1248)
10. Spleen-Yang deficiency (SYD)(1248)
The Dietary Suggestion, Life Style Modification and Nutritional Supplements according to TCM
According to Angela Warburton(1249), a doctor of Traditional Chinese Medicine practicing in
Toronto
,
Canada
, incorporating the proper dietary and lifestyle modifications, may make a BIG difference in the long-term for treatment of PCOs.
The Dietary Suggestion according to TCM
1. Eat foods low on the Glycemic Index (GI) such as vegetables and whole grains to improve insulin sensitivity(1250), quality of life(1253)and avoid some long-term health risks of endometrial cancer(1252) as many women with PCOS are not achieving dietary intakes and levels of physical activity(1251)
2. Women with PCOS should completely avoid refined carbohydrates as it showed to elevate the risk of type 2 diabetes(1254) induced collection of metabolic defects including peripheral insulin resistance(1255), elevated hepatic glucose output, and impaired pancreatic insulin secretion(1254), immune-mediated diseases(1256), such as reduced control of infection, increased rates of cancer, and increased risk for allergic and auto-inflammatory disease(1256) and inflammation(1255).
3. Keep blood sugar stable by eating regularly with small meal(1258), including good fat, such as monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids(1259) and protein(1261). According to Diabetes Center, Eulji Hospital, in the differentiation of a meal plan using rice bowls of varying sizes, showed that small rice bowl-based meal plan was effective at reducing dietary energy intake (EI), body weight (BW), and blood glucose levels in comparison to regular rice bowl-based meal plan(1257).
Indeed, high monounsaturated fat hypocaloric diet) or high polyunsaturated fat hypocaloric diet has shown to mprove total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, insulin and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance(HOMA-R) levels(1260).
4. Eating vegetables daily as including vegetables in rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy products and low in saturated fats have shown to improve insulin resistance, serum hs-CRP levels, and abdominal fat accumulation(1262). Leafy greens, such as kale, broccoli, collard greens, bok choy, cabbage, rapini, etc.. process the ability in modulation liver fatty acid composition(1263) of which promotes glucose(1264). hormone(1265) regulation and lipids(1264) homeostasis of metabolic dysfunction(1264) probably through the effects of its phyotchemical indole-3 carbinol(1266)(1267)(1268). Intake of legumes such as black beans, adzuki beans, mung beans, black-eyed peas etc., also contribute to beneficial effects of on metabolic features, such as insulin resistance(1269), glycated hemoglobin, triglycerides, and total and HDL cholestero(1270). According to Complementary and
Alternative
Healing
University
, adzuki bean displays a diuretic property, can beneficiary for draining ‘dampness’ from the body.(1271).
6. Eat organic meats only
Grass-fed and grain-fed cattle have shown to significantly improve the fatty acid (FA) composition(1273)(1274) and antioxidant content of beef(1273). According to
Norwegian
University
of Life Sciences, Pig feeds rich in rapeseed products contains high concentration of EPA, DPA, and DHA of which have shown to benefit to over health for the consumer(1272).
7. Intake of berries has shown to contribute to beneficial metabolic effects in preventing obesity(1275) and related disorders(1275)(1278)(1279), such as ameliorating total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol(1276), hyperglycemia(1277) and insulin sensitivity(1277), lowering fasting insulin level(1275),......
8. Intake cinnamon daily can improve insulin resistance and PCOs related metabolic syndrome
(See the Insulin resistance improvement and/or anti metabolic syndrome herb: Cinnamon for more information)
[Cinnamon is a spice derived from the inner bark of tree, native to South East Asia, of over 300 species of the genus Cinnamomum, belongings to the familyLauraceae used in herbal and traditional medicine as anti-microbial agent(1087) and to improve reproductive organs(1088), prevent flatulence(1089) and menstrual cramping(1087), treat gastrointestinal complaints(1089), diarrhea(1087), bad breath(1090), headache(1087), etc.(1086)(1087).
Ingredients(1087)
1. Cinnamic aldehyde
2.Cinnamyl acetate
3. Eugenol
4. Aldehyde
5. Pinene
6. Coumarins
7. Cinnzeylanol
8. Cinnzeylanine
9. Safrol
10. Methylhydroxy chalcone polymer (MHCP)
Epidemiological studies suggested that cinnamon consist a significant anti insulin resistance(1091)(1092)(1094) and anti metabolic syndrome(1093)(1094)(1095)(1096)(1097) properties, such as lowering total cholesterol(1093), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(1093) and improving high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(1093), may be due to its antihyperglycaemic (1091)(1093) and potential to reduce postprandial blood glucose levels(1091)(1092), liver fat(1098) and and improved glucose homeostasis(1098) properties, by regulating the mechanisms of-medicated glucose and lipid metabolism(1099), such as decreased the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokine(TNF-alpha) in adipose tissue(1100) and upregulated mRNA expression of insulin-regulated membrane trafficking(1100) and whole body glucose homeostasi(GLUT-4) in skeletal muscle(1100)].
9. Adding bitter Melon and fenugreek into your diet
Epidemiological studies suggested that bitter melon displays a modest hypoglycemic effect(1280)(1281)(1283)and anti related complications in metabolic syndrome(1281)(1282).
Fenugreek not only showed to promote sexual arousal and desire in women, probly through its regulationj of total and free testosterone and other hormone(1284) but also exhibited hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic effects in in a dose-dependent manner(1285)
10. Insure adequate fiber intake through eating a lots of fresh vegetables and whole grains.
High-fiber diets, especially of the soluble variety, and soluble fiber supplements has been recommended by several national diabetes associations management of the plasma glucose concentration in individuals with diabetes(1286)(1288) as it offers some improvement in carbohydrate metabolism(1287).
Life style Modification according to TCM
1. Say good by to Western lifestyle
Western lifestyle characterized by low levels of physical activity, and by an energy-dense diet rich in total and saturated fat and refined carbohydrates(1289) may consist a positive association between risk of breast cancer and subclinical forms of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)(1289) such as more severe phenotype with regard to insulin insensitivity, increased numbers of antral follicles at midcycle, and decreased circulating luteal phase progesterone levels(1290).
2. Avoid all refined sugars (white and brown sugars, fructose, sucrose, corn syrup) and simple sugars (maple syrup, honey)
Increased consumption of refined dietary sugars not only showed to contribute to a central factor in the rapidly rising rates of obesity(1293) and type 2 diabetes(1291)(1294) but also promoted risk of metabolic syndrome(1291)(1295) such as glucose intolerance(1292) and its complication(1295).
According to study by Dr. Kozlovsky AS and research team, diets high in simple sugars not only stimulates Cr losses and may lead to marginal Cr deficiency associated with impaired glucose and lipid metabolism(1296).
3. Say no refined carbohydrate (white bread, pasta, potatoes, white rice, most breakfast cereals, rice cakes, popcorn, or any starchy, low fiber food) (See dietary supplement 2 for more information)
[2. Women with PCOS should completely avoid refined carbohydrates as it showed to elevate the risk of type 2 diabetes(1254) induced collection of metabolic defects including peripheral insulin resistance(1255), elevated hepatic glucose output, and impaired pancreatic insulin secretion(1254), immune-mediated diseases(1256), such as reduced control of infection, increased rates of cancer, and increased risk for allergic and auto-inflammatory disease(1256) and inflammation(1255)].
4. Avoid artificial sweeteners
Artificial sweeteners has shown to induce glucose intolerance by altering the gut microbiome(1297)(1298) associated susceptibility to metabolic disease(1297)(1298).
5. Avoid large size in regular meals. Opt for smaller and more regular meals to moderate glucose load and minimize insulin resistance(see Dietary supplement 3. Keep blood sugar stable by eating regularly with small meal for more information)
[3. Keep blood sugar stable by eating regularly with small meal(1258), including good fat, such as monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids(1259) and protein(1261). According to Diabetes Center, Eulji Hospital, in the differentiation of a meal plan using rice bowls of varying sizes, showed that small rice bowl-based meal plan was effective at reducing dietary energy intake (EI), body weight (BW), and blood glucose levels in comparison to regular rice bowl-based meal plan(1257).
Indeed, high monounsaturated fat hypocaloric diet) or high polyunsaturated fat hypocaloric diet has shown to mprove total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, insulin and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance(HOMA-R) levels(1260)].
6. Avoid soft drink(soda), sugar-sweetened fruit juice and energy drink
According to the article "An Unintended Consequence Of Diet Soda: Disrupting Friendly Bacteria And Raising Blood Sugar" by Faye Flam, diet Soda due to high content of artificial sweetener may disturb the internal ecosystem and raised blood sugar, thus defeating the purpose of these products by increasing risk for type 2 diabetes and obesity(1299).(See artificial sweetener for more information).
According to participants were 27,585 Japanese men and women aged 40-59 years who had no prior history of diabetes, intakes of soft drink was associated to increased risk of type 2 diabetes(1300).
Sugar-sweetened fruit juice, not 100% fruit juice is associated to risk of incidence of type 2 diabetes, according to 4 studies with a 191,686 participants, including 12,375 with type 2 diabetes(1301).
Energy drink has shown negatively effect the central nervous system induced jitteriness, nervousness, dizziness, the inability to focus, difficulty concentrating, and insomnia(1302) and heightened alertness, altered sleep patterns, arrhythmias and, rarely, seizures(1303).
7. Avoid milk and dairy products (cheese and yogurt)
According to traditional Chinese medicine, milk and dairy products are considered as "very cold and damp foods" in nature, as they can overload the digestive system, inducing production of phlegm, the main cause of PCOs(1304)(1305)(1306). Replacement of cow milk with (unsweetened) almond milk may contribute to many health aspects for women with PCOs. According to researches, almond milk not only be an efficacious substitute of cow milk in infant with cow-milk allergy/intolerance(1307) but also induces production of probiotics, which have a positive effect on fasting blood sugar(1310) and serum of insulin(1310) in in PCOS patients, through its fermentation stage(1308). According to the
University
of
California
at
Davis
, intake of almonds containing 31 g of total fat per day for 6 weeks had an beneficial effects on plasma lipids and androgens in PCOS(1309).
8. Moderate exercise (yoga, pilates, walking etc)
(See The General Approaches to prevent the unpreventable?)
[Moderate exercise not only increases blood flow to strengthen the body tissues(274)(275) and organs(276), including the reproductive system but also enhances the immunity(277) in fighting against inflammatory process(277)(278) due to irregular cell growth(281)(282) and foreign invasion(279)(280).]
[Yoga is a physical, mental, and spiritual practice in Hinduism, Buddhism.
According to studies holistic yoga therapy showed a significant effects in reducing anti-müllerian hormone (AMH-primary outcome), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, hirsutism, and improving menstrual frequency, glucose, lipid, and insulin values(284) with nonsignificant changes in body weight, FSH, and prolactin in adolescent PCOS(283).]
In metabolic syndrome, a constellation of metabolic abnormalities, such as abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, an atherogenic dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure, a prothrombotic profile, and inflammation(1311), physical exercise has shown to improve the lipid profile(1312). insulin resistance (IR)(1312) in obese boy and, bodyweight(1313), atherogenic lipid profiles(1313), insulin resistance(1313),blood pressure(1313) and anthropometric factors(1313) if used conjunction with standard diet therapy in Japanese population.
9. Lose some weight
Obsesity and particularly visceral fat excess in PCOs women have shown to involve stimulating ovarian androgen(1315) induced alternation of ovarian physiology(1314)(1315) associated with ovulatory disturbances(1314)(1315) and negative effects on the endometrium(1314) in contribution to fertility(1314), implantation failure(1314) and miscarriage(1314).
(Read more information of benefits of weight loss for women with PCOs in the section PCOs in weight loss perspective)
The macro nutrients and Glycemic index
The Best PCOs Diets for weight loss
The Common Weight Loss Foods
The Common Weight Loss Herbs
The Weight Loss Vitamin C
The Weight Loss Vitamin D
10. Protect your Liver
Liver diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) associated to 41% increased risk in women with PCOs(1320), is tightly associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome induced physiopathology of fibrosis development and progression(1316) affecting the liver function not only in blood storing and formation(1318) and but also liver in transportation of blood and fluid to kidney and heart in fluid and blood distribution to our body(1318) and liver metabolism(carbohydrate metabolism (glycolysis and glycogen synthesis) and triglyceride synthesis (lipogenesis))(1319) in regulating insulin resistance associated with excessive fat accumulation in ectopic tissues, inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress(1317).
Vitamin B complex has shown to exhibit hepatoprotective effect(1321) through inhibition of lipid metabolic disorder)1321), oxidative damage(1321)(1322) and nitrosative stress(1322).
According to
Auburn
University
, consumption of green leafy vegetables (GLVs) may reduce the risks associated with cardiovascular(1323) and liver diseases(1324) such as hepatocellular carcinoma(1324) through modulate liver fatty acid composition(1323).
Liver disharmony can contribute emotional depression(1318)(1324), exacerbating the psychological symptoms in women with PCOs(1325).
11. Weekly acupuncture
Suggestions of acupuncture for treatment of PCOs symptoms have been well established(1326)(1329)(1328), but larger example size and multi center studies are necessary to provide more reliable and valid scientific evidence(1336). Dr. Ren LN and research team said "acupuncture combined with Chinese herbal medicines or with moxibustion treatment have advantages in reducing serum luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone (LH/FSH), insulin resistance (IR), testosterone (T), and body mass index (BMI)"(1327). Acupuncture has also shown to regulate menstrual dysfunction and induce ovulation in women with PCOs(1330).
In fact, acupuncture also lowers perceived stress at the time of embryo transfer for an improved pregnancy rate(1331), significantly reduce pain intensity and analgesic consumption during oocyte aspiration in IVF treatment(1332), occurrence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) in vitro fertilization and embryo transplantation(1333).....Combined with clomiphene, acupuncture effectively improves HCG day cervical mucus, endometrial thickness and morphology for a normal pregnancy(1334). The study by
University
of
Adelaide
preliminary data, suggested that acupuncture improves self-efficacy and psychological coping for women experiencing delays with falling pregnant(1335).
Nutritional Supplements according to TCM
1. Chlorophyll(Best for syndrome of Stagnation of Qi and blood stasis(1246) and Dampness heat of liver PCOs patients)
Chlorophyll, a water plant has been conferred to a wide range of health benefits, including anti cancers(1337)(1338), immune-modulating(1339), improve anemia(1341), anti hypoxia(1342), antioxidant(1343)(1340), anti inflammation(1344)(1345), etc. According to Lund University, thylakoids, a chlorophyll-containing membranes in chloroplasts may constitute to weight loss over time, through its efforts in reduced food intake and prevented compensational eating later in the day(1345) and hypoglycaemia induced weight gain in overweight women(1345). "Chlorophyll processed a property in detoxification of the liver"(1346)(1347), according to Dr. Janet starr
Hull
of alternative health and nutrition said, of which improve liver function in cabohydrate and lipid metabolism.(see protect your liver in life style modification according to TCM for more information)
[Liver diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) associated to 41% increased risk in women with PCOs(1320), is tightly associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome induced physiopathology of fibrosis development and progression(1316) affecting the liver function not only in blood storing and formation(1318) and but also liver in transportation of blood and fluid to kidney and heart in fluid and blood distribution to our body(1318) and liver metabolism(carbohydrate metabolism (glycolysis and glycogen synthesis) and triglyceride synthesis (lipogenesis))(1319) in regulating insulin resistance associated with excessive fat accumulation in ectopic tissues, inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress(1317).
Vitamin B complex has shown to exhibit hepatoprotective effect(1321) through inhibition of lipid metabolic disorder)1321), oxidative damage(1321)(1322) and nitrosative stress(1322).
According to
Auburn
University
, consumption of green leafy vegetables (GLVs) may reduce the risks associated with cardiovascular(1323) and liver diseases(1324) such as hepatocellular carcinoma(1324) through modulate liver fatty acid composition(1323).
Liver disharmony can contribute emotional depression(1318)(1324), exacerbating the psychological symptoms in women with PCOs(1325).]
2. Probiotics (the healthy bacteria found in your intestinal tract)
( Best for PCOs patient diagnosed with spleen yang deficiency(1248))
Foods promote the growth of beneficial bacteria in the intestinal tract include whole grains, onions, bananas, garlic, honey, leeks, artichokes and some fortified foods, excluding milk and mlik products.
(See Avoid milk and dairy products (cheese and yogurt) in lyle style modification according to TCM for more information)
[According to traditional Chinese medicine, milk and dairy products are considered as "very cold and damp foods" in nature, as they can overload the digestive system, inducing production of phlegm, the main cause of PCOs(1304)(1305)(1306). Replacement of cow milk with (unsweetened) almond milk may contribute to many health aspects for women with PCOs. According to researches, almond milk not only be an efficacious substitute of cow milk in infant with cow-milk allergy/intolerance(1307) but also induces production of probiotics, which have a positive effect on fasting blood sugar(1310) and serum of insulin(1310) in in PCOS patients, through its fermentation stage(1308). According to the
University
of
California
at
Davis
, intake of almonds containing 31 g of total fat per day for 6 weeks had an beneficial effects on plasma lipids and androgens in PCOS(1309)].
According to studies, probiotics has shown to contrinute to many health aspects, including anti gastrointestinal diseases(1354)(1355)(1356) anti antibiotic(1348)(1349), anti antibiotic resistance(1350)(1351), improved immune(1352)(1353), anti diabetic(1357)(1358), anti obese(1359)(1360), anti metablic dysfunctional,(1361)(1362), antioxidant(1363), anti inflammatory(1364)(1365), anti cancerous(1366)(1367), anti infective activities, etc. According to
Isfahan
University
and Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Probiotics also processes significantly improve serum insulin levels,among 72 women aged 15-40 years old diagnosed with PCOS in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial(1370).
3. Cinnamon
( Best for PCOs patient diagnosed with spleen yang deficiency(1248) and kidney yang deficiency(1247)(1248))
(See the Insulin resistance improvement and/or anti metabolic syndrome herb: Cinnamon for more information)
[Cinnamon is a spice derived from the inner bark of tree, native to South East Asia, of over 300 species of the genus Cinnamomum, belongings to the familyLauraceae used in herbal and traditional medicine as anti-microbial agent(1087) and to improve reproductive organs(1088), prevent flatulence(1089) and menstrual cramping(1087), treat gastrointestinal complaints(1089), diarrhea(1087), bad breath(1090), headache(1087), etc.(1086)(1087).
Nutritional ingredients(1087)
1. Cinnamic aldehyde
2.Cinnamyl acetate
3. Eugenol
4. Aldehyde
5. Pinene
6. Coumarins
7. Cinnzeylanol
8. Cinnzeylanine
9. Safrol
10. Methylhydroxy chalcone polymer (MHCP) Epidemiological studies suggested that cinnamon consist a significant anti insulin resistance(1091)(1092)(1094) and anti metabolic syndrome(1093)(1094)(1095)(1096)(1097) properties, such as lowering total cholesterol(1093), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(1093) and improving high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(1093), may be due to its antihyperglycaemic (1091)(1093) and potential to reduce postprandial blood glucose levels(1091)(1092), liver fat(1098) and and improved glucose homeostasis(1098) properties, by regulating the mechanisms of-medicated glucose and lipid metabolism(1099), such as decreased the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokine(TNF-alpha) in adipose tissue(1100) and upregulated mRNA expression of insulin-regulated membrane trafficking(1100) and whole body glucose homeostasi(GLUT-4) in skeletal muscle(1100)].
4. Flaxseed oil
(Best for PCOs patient diagnosed with kidney yin deficiency(1247)(1248))
Flaxseed oil is extracted from the seeds of the flax plant (Linum usitatissimum) contained both omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. Flaxseed oil generally contains 50% of the omega-3 fatty acid - alpha-linolenic acid and 25 % of the omega-6 fatty acid linolenic acid, 15 % of mainly monounsaturated oleic acid and trace amounts of palmitoleic acid and eicosenoic acid(1371).
Nutritional ingredients
1. Alpha-linolenic acid (
ALA
)
2. Palmitic acid
3. Stearic acid
4. Arachidic acid
5. Palmitoleic acid
6. Oleic acid
7. Eicosenoic acid
8. Linoleic acid
9. Etc.(1371)
Epidemiological studies of health benefit are well established, including reduced blood pressure(1372)
(1373) and cholesterol(1374)(1375), risk of irregular cell growth(1376)(1377), diabetes(1378)(1379) and osteoporosis(1380)(1381), benefit cardiovascular system(1382)(1383), menopause symptoms(1384)(1385), cyclic mastalgia (breast pain)(1390), patients with Sjogren’s syndrome(1386) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD(1387)(1388), use of natural laxative(1389)(1390), human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS)(1390), etc., probably due to the the efficacy of alpha-linoleic acid(1390) and its antioxidant(1391)(1392)(1393)(1394) and anti inflammatory(1392)(1395)(1396) activity.
Recent studies also suggested that flax seed oil processes anti insulin resistance(1397)(1398) and metabolic syndrome(1400)(1401), confers health benefits in obesity(1400) due to its effect on adipocyte function(1399) activities due to the effects of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)(1400)(1401).
5. Navy bean (White kidney bean)extract
(Best for PCOs patient diagnosed with kidney yin deficiency(1247)(1248))
The small, white kidney bean, also called pea bean or haricot, popular in both dry and green forms, is very popular in
Britain
and the
US
, native to
Peru
. It is now grown and consumed across the world, due to their numerous health benefits(1402).
Nutritional ingredients
1. Carbohydrate
2. Protein
3. Dietary fiber
4. Vitamin A
5. Vitamin B1
6. copper
7. Iron
8. Manganese
9. Phosphorus
10. Magnesium(1402)
11. Catechin derivatives(1403)
12. Proanthocyanidins(1403)
13. Catechin glucoside(1403)
14. Etc.
Epidemiological studies, linking navy bean as a functional health foods, may be due to its phenolic composition in reduced the incidence of several chronic diseases(1402)(1411) that shared an inflammatory component(1403), including irregular cell growth(1406)(1407), diabetes(1402)(1407), CVD(1407), glycemic response(1404)(1405)(1407), aid digestion(1404)(1405), sleep disorder(1402), irritable bowel syndrome(1402) and constipation(1402), infertility(1402), neurotransmitter dysfunction(1402), colitis(1408), improved colon health(1408)(1409). etc. probably through its total phenolic content effects on antioxidant(1410)(1411) and anti inflammatory activities(1411) and other mechanism.
According to studies, white kidney bean also processes certain properties against PCOs related syndrome including effect on diabesity, a collection of obesity/overweight, type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance(1412), GI index(1413) through its carb blockers(1413) mimiced the beneficial effects of fibers(1412). Its extract, according to studies, also induced blood glucose levels(1415) and weight loss(1414)(1415) through blocking carbohydrate absorption(1414), and regulating hoglycaemic and anorexigenic activities of an alpha-amylase inhibitor(1415).
6. Micro nutrient supplements
6.1. B Vitamins
[Vitamin B1 (thiamine), Vitamin B2 (riboflavin), Vitamin B3 (niacin or nicotinic acid), Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid), Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine), Vitamin B7 (biotin), Vitamin B9 (folic acid) and Vitamin B12 (various cobalamins; commonly cyanocobalamin or methylcobalamin in vitamin supplements)](1416)
B vitamins, a class of water-soluble vitamins, coexisted in the same foods,play an important role in cell metabolism, found in many foods, includinglegumes (pulses or beans), whole grains, potatoes, bananas, chili peppers, tempeh, nutritional yeast, brewer's yeast, and molasses(1416). According to studies, deficiency of certain members of B vitamins may disrupt cell metabolism, leading to risk of cancers(1417)(1418)(1419)(1420) and metabolic syndrome(1428).
a. Vitamin B1 (thiamine)
Deficiency of vitamin B1 may contribute to dyslipidemia(1421)(1427) and induce vascular complications in clinical diabetes(1421)(1422)(1423), metabolic defect(1424), cardiovascular diseases(1245), hypertension(1426), insulin resistance(1427), etc....
b. Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)
Deficiency of vitamin B2 has shown to decrease immune efficiency(1429)(1430) and anti oxidant status(1429), induce abnormal blood glucose level(1431), migraine(1432)(1433), various skin diseases(1434), hypertension(1435), hyperlipidemia(1436), etc...
c. Vitamin B3 (niacin or nicotinic acid)
Deficiency of vitamin B3 may contribute to low-grade chronic inflammation (metaflammation)(1437), reduce the effects on metabolic regulation(1437), including type 2 diabetes(1437), obesity(1437), and cardiovascular disease(1437), pigmentary disorders(1438) and acne(1438), etc....
d. Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid)
Deficiency of vitamin B5 has shown to induce acne vulgaris(1439), hypertension(1440)(1441), a decrease in total antioxidant status(1442), insulin sensitive(1443), reduced diabetic cardiovascular function and cardiac performance(1444), etc...
e. Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine)
Deficiency of vitamin B6 may display sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy(a decreased ability to move or feel (sensation) due to nerve damage)(1445), hyperhomocysteinemia, a possible risk factor of morbidity and mortality associated with cardiovascular disease(1446), abnormal glucose levels(1431), endothelial dysfunction(1447), diabetes(1447) and inflammation(1447), reduce sympathetic activity and insulin-response, etc...
f. Vitamin B7 (biotin)
Deficiency of vitamin B7 has shown to contribute to genetic instability causes of DNA damage(1448) inducing cancers(1449) and a risk a factor in some neurodegenerative diseases(1449)m diffuse hair loss(1450), periorificial or acral dermatitis(1451), insulin sensitivity(1452) and glucose uptake(1452), risk of diabetes(1452), etc...
g. Vitamin B9 (folic acid)
Folic acid has shown to process the property in reduced risk of endothelial dysfunction(1457), CHD(1453) and CVD(1454)(1455), produced blood cells,(1456) secured cell division(1456), and growth(1456), improved antioxidant stasis(1458), lowered risk of diabetes(1459), etc,... Folic acid deficiency may induce risk of early onset of diabetes(1460), metabolic syndrome associated with increased risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease(1460), depressed cell-mediated immunity(1461).
h. Vitamin B12 (various cobalamins; commonly cyanocobalamin or methylcobalamin in vitamin supplements)
Epidemiological studies suggestion that vitamin B12 exhibits anti insulin resistance(1465) and endothelial dysfunction(1465), depression(1468)(1469) effects, etc,... Deficiency of vitamin B12 induced risk of neurocognitive disorders(1462)(1463), and decline(1462), obesity and overweight(1464), altered lipid profile in the prediction of metabolic risk(1466), cardiovascular disease associated to hyperhomocysteinemia(1467).
6.2. Magnesium
Magnesium, a micro nutrient and trace mineral found abundantly in spices, nuts, cereals, cocoa and vegetables such as spinach. Today approximately 5% - 15% of world population are found to have low level of serum ofMg(1470), probably due to reduced dietary magnesium intake associated to food refining and modern fertilizers that contain no magnesium(1471). In US, 68% of population are found to have dietary intake of Mg below recommend levels(1472).
Deficiency of Magnesium may cause learning and memory deficiency(1473), reduced metabolisms(1474)(1475)(1476), hormone imbalance(1476), altered the gut microbiota(1477) in the digestive system and anxiety(1477)(1478), sleep disorders(1479)(1480), coronary artery vasospasm(1481),arrhythmias(1481)(1490), ischemic damage(1481) and cardiac failure(1481), etc....
Epidemiological studies suggested that magnesium also exhibits anti cancer(1500)(1501)(1502) anti metabolic syndrome(1482(1485)(1484) effects such as hypertension(1483)(1487), obesity(1486)(1487), elevated fasting plasma glucose(1488)(1489), high serum triglycerides(1488)(1491), and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels(1488)(1490), etc,... and reduces risk insulin resistance(1482)(1484)(1490), cardiovascular disease(1482) and diabetes(1483)(1484), migraine headache(1492)(1493)(1495), premenstrual syndrome(1494)(1495), depression(1478)(1496), stress(1497)(1498), etc,... of which may be helpful for management and treatment of women with PCOs.
6.3. Chromium
Chromium, a micro nutrient and trace mineral, found abundantly in whole grain products and certain fruits and vegetables such as broccoli, potatoes, grape juice, and oranges, and lean meats, poultry, fish, beans, eggs, and nuts,(1504) plays an important in the metabolism and storage of fats, carbohydrates and protein in the body(1503).
The US dietary guidelines for adequate daily chromium intake were lowered in 2001 from 50–200 µg for an adult to 30–35 µg (adult male) and to 20–25 µg (adult female), according to Journal of academic of nutrition and dietetics(1505).
Chronic chromium deficiency may cause symptoms of severely impaired glucose tolerance(1506)(1507), weight loss(1506)(1508), and a metabolic encephalopathylike confusional state(1506), induce risk of prediabetes(1509)in predicted diabetes(1509)(1510)(1513) and atherosclerosis(1510),...
Strong evidences from epidemiological studies suggested that chromium exhibits anti metabolic syndrome(1511)(1514)(1515) and cardiovascular disease(1511)(1512)(1513) including hypertension(1516)(1517), obesity(1518)(1519), elevated fasting plasma glucose(1520)(1521), high serum triglycerides(1522)(1523), and dyslipidaemia(1510)(1521), etc,, , anti insulin resistance(1510)(1519), anti depression, anti diabetes(1513)(1512), etc,.... effects.
6.4. Lipoic acid (LA)
Lipoic acid, also known as alpha lipoic acid(ALA), an organosulfur compound derived from octanoic acid, play an essential for aerobic metabolism to turnnutrients into energy and remove wastes through cellular respiration(1524),found abundantly in spinach, broccoli, yams, potatoes, yeast, tomatoes, Brussels sprouts, carrots, beets, rice bran, especially in organic red meat, etc,....... The supplement has shown to be effective in ameliorate blood glucose(1531)(1532) through reduced suppression of insulin expression in β-cell(1535), reduced nerve damage induced diabetes(1533)(1534), neurodegeneration disease(1558)(1559), skin aging(1560)(1561), improved antioxidant(1527)(1528)(1530), anti inflammatory(1526)(1528) and immune status(1525)(1526)(1527)(1528), reduced symptoms of vitamin E deficiency(1529), etc,....
According to studies, LA also processes anti cancer(1570)(1571)(1572), antiinsulin sensitivity(1532)(1564), and anti metabolic syndrome(1532)(1563)(1562), such as hypertension(1564)(1565), obesity(1566)(1567), elevated fasting plasma glucose(1568)(1569) and dyslipidaemia(1556)(1557), etc,... effects of which may contribute to management and treatment of women with PCOs, depending to differentiation.
PCOs Treatment according traditional Chinese medicine
Depending to differentiation, most common diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome can be classified into
Kidney yang deficiency
Along with common symptoms mentioned above, women with PCOs diagnosed with kidney yang deficiency may also experience yang vacuity induced cold expressive syndrome, including
lumbago, cold limbs, fatigue, cold aversion, feverish sensation in chest, palms and soles(1573),
difficulty in urination, enuresis, incontinence, declining libido and edema(1574) as a res