2015-04-08

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By Kyle J. Norton Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is defined as endocrinologic diseases among reproductive-age women caused by undeveloped follicles clumping on the ovaries that interferes with the function of the normal ovaries associated with a high risk for metabolic disorder(1) as resulting of enlarged ovaries(2), leading to hormone imbalance(excessive androgen and anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) )(1)(3)(4)(5), induced Hirsutism(6)(7), reproductive disorder(10(12)), risks of type 2 diabetes(9)(10)(11), metabolic syndrome(10)(12) and early cardiovasular disease(8)(13), acne(10)(14), endometrial cance(18)(19),weight gain and obesity(15)(16)(17). The syndrome effects over 5% of women population or 1 in 20 women.
Unfortunately, according to studies, women with PCOs after the reproductive age, are associated to  continuously increase risk of type II diabetes, with no increasing altered glucose tolerance(20), CVD and hypertension(21).

The prevention and management

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is unpreventable in Western medicine. Early diagnosis and treatment  may reduce risk of its complications, including infertility, metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, stroke, etc.

Although PCOS cannot be completely avoided, strengthening immunity has shown a significant reduction of chronic inflammatory diseases(266)(267)(268).

The Immunity Boosting Minerals

Recent studies showed that deficiencies of zinc, iron, copper, and selenium lower resistance to disease either due to impaired immune response or faulty white blood cells' function(421)
1. Magnesium
The mineral, magnesium plays a key role in the immune response, by acting as a co-factor for immunoglobulin synthesis(422) that significantly increases for both IgA and IgG, the antibody molecules that protect our body against bacterial and viral infections(423) and the lining of the respiratory passages, gastrointestinal and genitourinary tract(423).
The mineral also found to increase neutrophil function and enzyme peroxidase activity and reduce the incidence of health disorders by boosting immunity(424), including chronic inflammatory disease(425)(426). Low serum magnesium (Mg) is often associated with  incidences of insulin resistance (IR), cardiovascular problems, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and other components of metabolic syndrome(428) in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)(427).

2. Selenium
Selenium, a trace mineral plays an important and indirect role as an antioxidant(429)(430) by fulfilling its function as a necessary constituent of glutathione peroxidase(431)(432) and in production of glutathione(432), that inhibits the damage caused by oxidation of free radical hydrogen peroxide(433).
Extensively epidemiological studies suggested that selenium also benefits to health aspects, including anti cancers(434)(435), lowering cholesterol(436)(438), hypertension(439)(440), treating heart disease(427)(438), boosting immunity(441)(442) against microbial invasion(443)(444) and anti chronic inflammatory disease(445)(446).

3. Zinc
Zinc besides is an important mineral in boosting immune system activity(447)(449). Its nano-structure zinc(II) coordination compounds, has been used in zinc therapy to treat candida overgrowth(449) by promoting metallothionein (MT)(found in high concentration in intestinal mucosa)synthesis(450) through its anti inflammatory activity(451), including chronic inflammation(453)(454) via immune modulatory effects(452)(453)(454).

4. Manganese

Manganese is an essential trace nutrient in all forms of life. It is well known for its role in helping the body to maintain healthy skin(455)(456) and bone structure(457)(458), but also acts as cofactors for a number of enzymes(459) in higher organisms, where they are essential in iexhibting its antioxidant effects against free radicals(450)(451). Recent studies suggested that manganese also benefits in controlling bood glucose(452)(453), alleviating neuro symptoms such as anxiety, and depression(454) and treatment of high cholesterol levels(456), hypertension(455), infertility(457), cardiomyopathy(458), reduced oxidative stress, amyloid deposition, and memory(459) and boosting immune system anti microbial infections and inflammation(460).
In larger amounts, manganese can be poisoning to neurological damage(451)(462).

5. Iron
A mineral plays a vital role for production of hemoglobin(463)(464)utilised by the body for oxygen transport and energy production(467), for maintaining healthy bones(465) and neurotransmission(466), synthesizing of some hormones and connective tissue(467)(468)(469) and maintaining heart health(470). Deficiency of iron causes low level of hemoglobin, nervous tension((473)(474)), cognitive dysfunction(471)(476), heart disorders(472)(475), heavy menstrual bleeding(479)(480), iron deficiency anemia, etc.,.. Recent studies suggested that trace mineral iron improves immunity(481)(482) fighting against  microbial infection(481) and inflammatory disease(483)(484), including certain types of chronic inflammatory diseases(486)(485) due to low levels of hemoglobin impaired cell-mediated immune response and bacterial activity of leukocytes(421).

3. Copper
Copper is vital in maintaining the production of antibodies(487)(488), white blood cells(489)(490), antioxidant enzymes(491)(492), for increasing the immune function in fighting against infection(487)(488) and inflammation(493)(494), including certain chronic inflammatory diseases(495)(496). The mineral also acts as a modulator of neuronal transmission(497), regulates production of certain hormones(498). Deficiency of copper may cause metabolic liver disease(502), copper deficiency anemia(503),....Deficiency and excess of copper levels can induce infertile(499), low libido and sexual issues(500), low quality sperm production(499)(500), disrupted nervous function(501), etc.,...

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

References
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(450) Candida article zinc and metallothionein(Cure zone)
(451) Metallothionein as an Anti-Inflammatory Mediator(Mediators of inflammation)
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(453) Manganese-Mediated MRI Signals Correlate With Functional β-Cell Mass During Diabetes Progression by Meyer A1, Stolz K1, Dreher W2, Bergemann J1, Holebasavanahalli Thimmashetty V2, Lueschen N1, Azizi Z1, Khobragade V1, Maedler K3, Kuestermann E2.(PubMed)
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(457) BOVINE INFERTILITY--RESPONSE TO MANGANESE THERAPY by WILSON JG.(PubMed)
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(462) Manganese neurotoxicity: a focus on glutamate transporters by Karki P, Lee E, Aschner M1.(PubMed)
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(472) [Anaemia and iron deficiency in clinical practice:from cardiology to gastroenterology and beyond].

[Article in Czech] by Češka R.(PubMed)
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(474) Essential elements in depression and anxiety. Part I by Młyniec K1, Davies CL2, de Agüero Sánchez IG3, Pytka K4, Budziszewska B5, Nowak G6.(PubMed)
(475) Iron deficiency: an emerging therapeutic target in heart failure by Cohen-Solal A1, Leclercq C2, Deray G3, Lasocki S4, Zambrowski JJ5, Mebazaa A6, de Groote P7, Damy T8, Galinier M9.(PubMed)
(476) Effect of iron-deficiency anemia on cognitive skills and neuromaturation in infancy and childhood by Walter T1.(PubMed)
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(481) Iron at the interface of immunity and infection by Nairz M1, Haschka D1, Demetz E1, Weiss G1.(PubMed)
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(483) Iron Supplementation Attenuates the Inflammatory Status of Anemic Piglets by Regulating Hepcidin by Pu Y1, Guo B, Liu D, Xiong H, Wang Y, Du H.(PubMed)
(484) A novel inflammatory pathway mediating rapid hepcidin-independent hypoferremia by Guida C1, Altamura S2, Klein FA3, Galy B3, Boutros M4, Ulmer AJ5, Hentze MW6, Muckenthaler MU2.(PubMed)
(485) Prediction of iron deficiency in chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease anaemia by Baumann Kurer S1, Seifert B, Michel B, Ruegg R, Fehr J.(PubMed)
(486) Changes in Echocardiographic Parameters in Iron Deficiency Patients with Heart Failure and Chronic Kidney Disease Treated with Intravenous Iron by Toblli JE1, Di Gennaro F2, Rivas C2.(PubMed)
(487) Antimicrobial copper's potential.[No authors listed](PubMed)
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(492) The effects of coadministration of dietary copper and zinc supplements on atherosclerosis, antioxidant enzymes and indices of lipid peroxidation in the cholesterol-fed rabbit by Alissa EM1, Bahijri SM, Lamb DJ, Ferns GA.(PubMed)
(493) Is copper pro- or anti-inflammatory? A reconciling view and a novel approach for the use of copper in the control of inflammation by Berthon G1(PubMed)
(494) Effect of a topical copper indomethacin gel on inflammatory parameters in a rat model of osteoarthritis by Yassin NZ1, El-Shenawy SM1, Abdel-Rahman RF1, Yakoot M2, Hassan M3, Helmy S4.(PubMed)
(495) Enhanced analgesic properties and reduced ulcerogenic effect of a mononuclear copper(II) complex with fenoprofen in comparison to the parent drug: promising insights in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases by Agotegaray M1, Gumilar F2, Boeris M3, Toso R3, Minetti A2.(PubMed)
(496) Nutraceuticals of anti-inflammatory activity as complementary therapy for rheumatoid arthritis by Al-Okbi SY1.(PubMed)
(497) Copper homeostasis in the CNS: a novel link between the NMDA receptor and copper homeostasis in the hippocampus by Schlief ML1, Gitlin JD.(PubMed)
(498) Effect of sex hormones on copper, zinc, iron nutritional status and hepatic lipid peroxidation in rats by Wachnik A1, Biró G, Biró L, Korom M, Gergely A, Antal M.(PubMed)
(499) Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase deficiency impairs sperm motility and in vivo fertility by Garratt M1, Bathgate R, de Graaf SP, Brooks RC.(PubMed)
(500)  Iron and copper in male reproduction: a double-edged sword by Tvrda E1, Peer R, Sikka SC, Agarwal A.(PubMed)
(501) Interactions of peptide amidation and copper: novel biomarkers and mechanisms of neural dysfunction by Bousquet-Moore D1, Prohaska JR, Nillni EA, Czyzyk T, Wetsel WC, Mains RE, Eipper BA.(PubMed)
(502) Deficient copper concentrations in dried-defatted hepatic tissue from ob/ob mice: A potential model for study of defective copper regulation in metabolic liver disease by Church SJ1, Begley P1, Kureishy N1, McHarg S1, Bishop PN1, Bechtold DA2, Unwin RD3, Cooper GJ4.(PubMed)
(503) Update on anemia and neutropenia in copper deficiency by Lazarchick J1.(PubMed)

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