Indus River System
Indus
Ancient name → Sindhu
Origin → Bokharchu Glacier, Near Mansarovar
In Tibet, Called Singi Khamban / Lion’s mouth
Enters In India through Ladakh, flows only in J &K
Enters Pak through hair pin bend of Nanga Parbat
Finally Discharges in Arabian Sea
Flows approx. ( 709 / 2880 ) Km in India
India uses 20 % of its water by Indo Pak water treaty of 1960
Shyok
Originates from Rimo Glacier
Known as river of death
flows through Ladakh in India
A tributary of the Indus River
Jhelum
Ancient name → Vitasta
Origin → Verinag Spring (Kashmir)
Tributary of Chenab, flows only in J &K
Flows Northward to Wular Lake
Cut through gorge in Pir- Panjal range to reach Muzzafarabad (POK)
Chenab
Ancient name → Akshani / Iskmati
Origin → Bara Lacha Pass (Himachal)
Known as chandra-bhaga in Himachal
Chandra River → Water flowing south from the pass
Bhaga River → Water Flowing north from the pass
Flows Northward & parallel to Pir –Panjal Range for some distance
Cut through gorge in Pir – Panjal & Turns southward
Largest tributary of Indus, Flows through Himachal & J & K
Famous Projects → Duhasti, Baglihar & Salal hydroelectric project
Ravi
Ancient name → Purushni
Origin → Kullu hills near Rohtang Pass (Himachal)
Tributary of Chenab
Smallest of 5 rivers
Flows through Indo – Pak boundary
Flows northward b/w Pir – Panjal & Dhauladhar Ranges
Cut a gorge through Dhauladhar range & flows southward
Beas
Ancient name → Vipasha
Origin → Beas kund near Rohtang Pass, Himachal
Tributary of Satluj
Only river flowing entirely in India
Runs southward, Cut a deep gorge in Dhauladhar & turns west to meet Satluj near Harike (Punjab)
Famous Project → Pong Dam
Sutluj
Ancient name → Shatadru
Origin → Rakas lake, Tibet, near Mansarovar
Enter Himachal at Shipki La Pass
Collects water from Ravi, Chenab, Jhelum & Beas to join Indus near Mithalkot (Pak)
Famous Projects → Naptha Jhakri Project & Bhakra Nagal Dam with Govind Sagar Reservoir
Ganga River System
Origin → As Bhagirathi from Gangotri Glacier (Uttarkashi – Uttarakhand)
Alakananda unites with Bhagirathi at Devprayag, Uttarakhand → Henceforth known as Ganga
Passing through Rishikesh, it debounches in plains of Haridwar
From Haridwar, it flows Southward to reach Allahabad where it joins Yamuna
Near Rajmahal Hills, it turns southeast & bifurcate at Farraka into Hoogly (Kolkata) & Padma (BD)
At Bangladesh, Ganga merges with Brahmputra (Known as Jamuna in Bangladesh) at Goalundo Ghats
Mixture is known as Padma River
Then it merges with Meghna & finally falls in Bay of Bengal
Meghna → Known as Barack river in India
Major tributaries → Yamuna, Gomti, Ghaghara, Gandak, Kosi, Son, Tons & Punpun
Ghaghara
Origin → Bharchachungar Glacier (Rakas lake) near Mansarovar
Joins Ganga at Chhapra
Known as Manchu or Karnali in Nepal
Known as Saryu or Ghaghra in UP
Perennial river
Major tributaries → Sarda & Rakti
Gandak
Origin → Sino – Nepal Boundary (Dhaulagiri range)
Known as Kalyani in Nepal
Major River of Nepal
Joins Ganga at Sonpur, Bihar
Kosi
Origin → Gosainath peak (Tibet)
Merges with river Ganga at Bhagalpur (Bihar)
Consists of 7 streams & known as Saptakoshi in Nepal
Main stream → Arun, Tamur & Sun Koshi
Formerly Known as Sorrow of Bihar
Major Projects → Kusha Dam
Son
Origin → Amarkantak Plateau (Near north of origin of Narmada)
Flows through Kaimur Range to meet Ganga at Patna
Gomti
Originates from Gomat Taal / Fulhaar jheel – Pilibhit
A tributary of Ganga
Yamuna
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