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{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox department for additional fields and descriptions -->
| name = Calvados
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = fr<!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead -->
| type = [[Departments of France|Department]]
| image_skyline = Caen prefecture portail ailejardins.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = [[Prefectures in France|Prefecture]] building of the Calvados department, in Caen
| image_flag = CalvadosFlag.gif
| flag_alt =
| image_shield = Blason département fr Calvados.svg
| shield_alt =
| nickname =
| motto =
| image_map = Calvados-Position.svg
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location of Calvados in France
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| latd = 49|latm = 02|lats = |latNS = N
| longd = 0|longm = 15|longs = |longEW = E
| coor_pinpoint =
| coordinates_type = region:FR_type:adm2nd
| coordinates_display = inline,title
| coordinates_footnotes =
| coordinates_region = FR
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = France
| subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of France|Region]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Lower Normandy]]
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| seat_type = [[Prefectures in France|Prefecture]]
| seat = [[Caen]]
| parts_type = [[Subprefectures in France|Subprefectures]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 = [[Bayeux]]<br>[[Lisieux]]<br>[[Vire]]
| government_footnotes =
| leader_party = Miscellaneous Right-wing
| leader_title = [[President of the general council|President of the General Council]]
| leader_name = [[Anne d'Ornano]]
| unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| area_magnitude =
| area_footnotes = {{ref|area|1}}
| area_total_km2 = 5548
| area_note =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| elevation_min_m =
| elevation_max_m =
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 685 262
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank = [[List of French departments by population|34st]]
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_note =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Departments of France|Department number]]
| blank_info_sec1 = 14
| blank_name_sec2 = [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissements]]
| blank_info_sec2 = [[arrondissements of the Calvados department|4]]
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Cantons in France|Cantons]]
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[cantons of the Calvados department|49]]
| blank2_name_sec2 = [[Communes in France|Communes]]
| blank2_info_sec2 = [[communes of the Calvados department|706]]
| timezone1 = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1 = +1
| timezone1_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST = +2
| postal_code_type =
| postal_code =
| area_code_type =
| area_code =
| iso_code =
| website =
| footnotes = {{note|area|1}} French Land Register data, which exclude [[estuary|estuaries]], and lakes, ponds, and glaciers larger than 1 km<sup>2</sup>
}}
'''Calvados''' ({{IPA-fr|kal.va.dos}}; {{IPAc-en|lang|ˈ|k|æ|l|v|ə|d|oʊ|s}}) is a [[Departments of France|department]] in the [[Lower Normandy]] [[Regions of France|region]] in northwestern [[France]]. It takes its name from a cluster of rocks off the English Channel coast.
==History==
Calvados is one of the original 83 departments created during the [[French Revolution]] on 4 March 1790. It was created from a part of the [[provinces of France|former province]] of [[Normandy]]. The name "Orne inférieure" was originally proposed for the department, but it was ultimately decided to call the area Calvados after a group of rocks off its coast.
One popular legend ascribes its etymology to the ''Salvador'', a ship from the [[Spanish Armada]] that sank by the rocks near [[Arromanches-les-bains]] in 1588. It is more likely, however, that the name ''Calvados'' was derived from ''calva dorsa'', meaning ''bare backs'', in reference to two sparsely vegetated rocks off its shore.<ref>{{Cite book
| last =Lepelley
| first =René
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title =Calvados, qui es-tu, d'où viens-tu ou le nom énigmatique d'un département Français : Critique d'une tradition, hypothèses diverses, proposition d'interprétation
| publisher=C. Corlet
| year =1990
| location =
| pages =
| url =
| doi =
| id = }}</ref>
After the allied victory at [[Battle of Waterloo|Waterloo]] the department was occupied by [[Prussia]]n [[Prussian army|troops]] between June 1815 and November 1818.
On 6 June 1944, the [[Allies of World War II|Allied forces]] landed on the beaches of the [[Bay of the Seine]] in what became known as the [[Normandy Landings|Battle of Normandy]].
==Geography==
Calvados belongs to the region of [[Basse-Normandie]] and is surrounded by the departments of [[Seine-Maritime]], [[Eure]], [[Orne]] and [[Manche]]. To the north is the [[Baie de la Seine]], part of the [[English Channel]]. On the east, the [[Seine|Seine River]] forms the boundary with Seine-Maritime. Calvados includes the [[Bessin]] area, the [[Pays d'Auge]] and the area known as the "Suisse normande" ("Norman Switzerland").
The most notable places in Calvados include [[Deauville]] and the formerly elegant 19th-century [[casino]] resorts of the coast.
==Economy==
Agriculture dominates the economy of Calvados. The area is known for producing [[butter]], cheese, [[cider]] and [[Calvados (brandy)|Calvados]], the [[Apple (fruit)|apple]]-based [[Distilled beverage|spirit]] that takes its name from the area.
==Politics==
The President of the General Council is the centrist [[Jean-Léonce Dupont]], the former dominant figure of the right and centre in the department. The Conseil General of Calvados and [[Devon County Council]] signed a [[Twinning Charter]] in 1971 to develop links with the English county of [[Devon]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.devon.gov.uk/index/councildemocracy/neighbourhoods-villages/twinning.htm|title=Twinning|publisher=[[Devon County Council]]|accessdate=8 December 2009}}</ref>
{| border="1" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|- style="background:#e9e9e9; border-bottom:2px solid gray;"
!colspan=2| Party || seats
|-
! style="background-color: {{Socialist Party (France)/meta/color}}" |
|[[Socialist Party (France)|Socialist Party]] ||align="right"| 18
|-
! style="background-color: {{Miscellaneous Right/meta/color}}" |<span style="color:white; font-size:190%;">•</span>
|[[Miscellaneous Right]] ||align="right"| 18
|-
! style="background-color: {{Union for a Popular Movement/meta/color}}" |<span style="color:white; font-size:190%;">•</span>
|[[Union for a Popular Movement]] ||align="right"| 6
|-
! style="background-color: {{Left Radical Party/meta/color}}" |
|[[Left Radical Party]] ||align="right"| 3
|-
! style="background-color: {{New Centre/meta/color}}" |<span style="color:white; font-size:190%;">•</span>
|[[New Centre]] ||align="right"| 3
|-
! style="background-color: {{Democratic Movement (France)/meta/color}}" |<span style="color:white; font-size:190%;">•</span>
|[[Democratic Movement (France)|MoDem]] ||align="right"| 1
|}
==Demography==
The inhabitants of Calvados are called "Calvadosiens" (male) and "Calvadosiennes" (female). In 1999, Calvados had 648,299 inhabitants, making it the 30th most populated French department.
Age distribution in Calvados:
*75 years and older: 7.2%
*60 – 74 years old: 13.16%
*40 – 59 years old: 25.52%
*20 – 39 years old: 28.53%
*0 – 19 years old: 25.6%
==Culture==
The [[Bayeux Tapestry]] is on display in [[Bayeux]] and makes the city one of the most-visited tourist destinations in Normandy.
[[Juno Beach Centre]] at [[Courseulles-sur-Mer]], Calvados, commemorates the [[D-Day]] landing of the [[Canada|Canadian]] liberation forces at [[Juno Beach]] during World War II in 1944. The [[cult (religion)|cult]] of Saint [[Thérèse de Lisieux]] brings large numbers of people on [[pilgrimage]] to [[Lisieux]], where she lived in a Carmelite convent. Every September, Deauville hosts the Festival of the American Movie and the beach resort of [[Cabourg]] hosts the Festival of the Romantic Movie. Annually, the city of Caen celebrates the festival of the electronical cultures called "Nordik Impakt" & The festival of Beauregard, just around Caen.
The local dialect of the [[Norman language]] is known as [[Augeron]]. It is spoken by a minority of the population.
==Tourism==
Calvados is one of the most visited areas in France because of its seaside resorts which are among the most prestigious in France with their luxurious hotels, casinos, green countryside, manors, castles, the quiet, the chalk cliffs, the typical Norman houses, the history of William the Conqueror, Caen, Bayeux, Lisieux, the famous D-day beaches and numerous museums about the Second World War. The culinary specialties from the verdant countryside of Calvados are abundant: cider, calvados, [[camembert]] and [[Pont-l'Évêque (cheese)|Pont-l'Évêque]] cheeses.
One of the advantage of Calvados is to be fairly near large urban centers (Paris, Ile de France). Calvados is therefore often preferred for holidays and for weekends and sometimes considered as the ''countryside of Paris ''.
Calvados, via the port of [[Ouistreham]], is an entrance to the continent from Britain. There are two airports: [[Caen - Carpiquet Airport|Caen-Carpiquet]] and [[Deauville - Saint-Gatien Airport|Deauville-Saint Gatien]]. The department of Calvados has several popular tourist areas: the [[Bessin]], the Plain of [[Caen]], the [[Bocage]] Virois, the [[Côte de Nacre]], the [[Côte Fleurie]] and the [[Pays d'Auge]]. Several beaches of Calvados are popular for water sports, including [[Cabourg]] and [[Merville-Franceville-Plage]].
Tourist capacity (2001):
* 7,818 hotel rooms
* 13,734 camping sites
* 1,176 beds (holiday villages)
* 619 rural gites
===Municipalities with more than 10% of second homes===
This ranking takes into account all the municipalities having over 10% of second homes in the departement of Calvados. 80% of owners are from the Paris area, 10% are English and 10% are local.
According to the general census of the population of 1 January 2006, 18.9% of housing available in the department were second homes.
====Table====
{{Hidden begin|titre=Municipalities with more than 10% of second homes}}
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right;"
! style="text-align:left"| City
! style="text-align:left"| Municipal Population
! style="text-align:left"| Number of homes
! style="text-align:left"| Second home
! style="text-align:left"| % Second home
|-
| style="text-align:left" | '''[[Villers-sur-Mer]]'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:2541}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:9280}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:7857}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:84.67%}}'''
|-
| style="text-align:left" | '''[[Cabourg]]
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:3965}}'''
| '''{{0|0}}{{formatnum:10106}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:8039}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:79.54%}}'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"| '''[[Houlgate]]
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:1902}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:4658}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:3665}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:78.67%}}'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"| '''[[Tourgéville]]'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:922}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:2423}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:1888}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:77.92%}}'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"| '''[[Benerville-sur-Mer]]
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:491}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:1233}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:924}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:74.93%}}'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"| '''[[Varaville]]'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:767}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:1477}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:1106}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:74.88%}}'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"| '''[[Gonneville-sur-Mer]]'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:581}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:899}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:651}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:72.41%}}'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"| '''[[Colleville-sur-Mer]]'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:167}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:270}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:195}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:72.22%}}'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"| '''[[Blonville-sur-Mer]]'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:1546}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:2714}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:1951}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:71.90%}}'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"| '''[[Deauville]]'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:3973}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:7794}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:5484}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:70.36%}}'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"| '''[[Merville-Franceville-Plage]]'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:1740}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:2535}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:1694}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:66.81%}}'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"| '''[[Saint-Côme-de-Fresné]]'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:219}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:294}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:196}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:66.64%}}'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"| '''[[Danestal]]'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:265}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:325}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:213}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:65.49%}}'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"| '''[[Asnelles]]'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:589}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:836}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:546}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:65.31%}}'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"| '''[[Trouville-sur-Mer]]'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:4992}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:8110}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:5159}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:63.61%}}'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"| '''[[Saint-Arnoult (Calvados)|Saint-Arnoult]]'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:910}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:922}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:576}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:62.48%}}'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"| '''[[Saint-Aubin-sur-Mer (Calvados)|Saint-Aubin-sur-Mer]]'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:1851}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:2111}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:1271}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:60.22%}}'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"| '''[[Courseulles-sur-Mer]]'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:4106}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:5022}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:2775}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:55.26%}}'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"| '''[[Villerville]]'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:750}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:813}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:425}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:52.23%}}'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"| '''[[Grandcamp-Maisy]]'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:1757}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:1759}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:829}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:47.13%}}'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"| '''[[Équemauville]]'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:1255}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:880}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:395}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:44.89%}}'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"| '''[[Bernières-sur-Mer]]'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:2373}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:1854}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:785}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:42.34%}}'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"| '''[[Langrune-sur-Mer]]'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:1690}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:1236}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:479}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:38.73%}}'''
|-
| style="text-align:left" | '''[[Arromanches-les-Bains]]'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:602}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:488}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:187}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:38.34%}}'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"| '''[[Bonneville-la-Louvet]]'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:768}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:515}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:195}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:37.92%}}'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"| '''[[Ver-sur-Mer]]'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:1508}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:1042}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:394}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:37.77%}}'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"| '''[[Hermanville-sur-Mer]]'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:2692}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:1698}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:586}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:34.53%}}'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"| '''[[Colleville-Montgomery]]
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:2254}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:1339}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:444}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:33.14%}}'''
|-
| style="text-align:left" | '''[[Dives-sur-Mer]]'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:5864}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:3977}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:1305}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:32.81%}}'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"| '''[[Luc-sur-Mer]]
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:3186}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:2179}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:705}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:32.35%}}'''
|-
| style="text-align:left" | '''[[Saint-Gatien-des-Bois]]'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:1312}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:780}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:251}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:32.18%}}'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"| '''[[Ouistreham]]
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:9252}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:6519}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:2023}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:31.04%}}'''
|-
| style="text-align:left" | '''[[Lion-sur-Mer]]'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:2568}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:1538}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:411}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:26.75%}}'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"| '''[[Touques, Calvados|Touques]]'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:3848}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:2643}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:706}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:26.69%}}'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"| '''[[Port-en-Bessin-Huppain]]'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:1958}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:1134}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:207}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:18.24%}}'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"| '''[[Honfleur]]'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:8177}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0}}{{formatnum:4793}}'''
| '''{{0|0 0 0}}{{formatnum:661}}'''
| '''{{formatnum:13.79%}}'''
|}
* [http://www.insee.fr/fr/recensement/page_accueil_rp.htm Source INSEE], chiffres au 1 January 2006.
{{Hidden end}}
<gallery>
File:Caen France (28).JPG|[[Caen]]
File:Chateau de Falaise 2008.jpg|[[Château de Falaise]]
File:Harold dead bayeux tapestry.png|A fragment of the [[Bayeux Tapestry]]
File:Omaha-beach-cemetery.jpg|[[Normandy American Cemetery and Memorial]]
File:Beuvron-en-Auge plein.JPG|Half-timber houses in [[Beuvron-en-Auge]], one of [[Les Plus Beaux Villages de France|The Most Beautiful Villages of France]]
</gallery>
==Sport==
Aquatic sports are often played on the coasts and beaches, for example, kite surfing and beach volleyball. [[Stade Malherbe Caen]] is a professional football team from [[Caen]], who currently play in [[Ligue 1]].
==See also==
{{Portal|Normandy}}
*[[Cantons of the Calvados department]]
*[[Communes of the Calvados department]]
*[[Arrondissements of the Calvados department]]
==Notes==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
{{Commons|Calvados}}
* {{en icon}} [http://www.calvados-strategie.com/home.php Calvados Stratégie – Calvados Development Agency]
* {{fr icon}} [http://actus.calvados-strategie.com/ Economic news from Calvados]
* {{fr icon}} [http://www.calvados.fr/ General Council website]
* {{fr icon}} [http://www.calvados.pref.gouv.fr/ Prefecture website]
<!-- please keep this link: Dmoz page holds a Wikipedia back link -->
* {{en icon}} {{ODP|Regional/Europe/France/Regions/Lower_Normandy/Calvados|Calvados}}
* {{en icon}} [http://search.eb.com/normandy/week2/invasion.html Encyclopædia Britannica's guide to D-Day]
{{Departments of France}}
[[Category:Calvados (department)| ]]
[[Category:1790 establishments in France]]
[[Category:Lower Normandy region articles needing translation from French Wikipedia]]
{{usedwp|Calvados (department)}}