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{{infobox UK place
|official_name= Adderbury
|static_image_name= St Mary's Church, Adderbury - geograph.org.uk - 1138963.jpg
|static_image_caption= St. Mary the Virgin parish church
|latitude= 52.016
|longitude= -1.313
|os_grid_reference= SP4735
|label_position= left
|population= 2496
|population_ref= ([[United Kingdom Census 2001|2001 census]])<ref>{{cite web |url=http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=798538&c=Adderbury&d=16&e=15&g=479853&i=1001x1003x1004&o=1&m=0&r=1&s=1268130387787&enc=1&dsFamilyId=779 |title=Area: Adderbury CP (Parish): Parish Headcounts |author= |date= |work=Neighbourhood Statistics |publisher=[[Office for National Statistics]] |accessdate=9 March 2010}}</ref>
|shire_district= [[Cherwell (district)|Cherwell]]
|shire_county= [[Oxfordshire]]
|region= South East England
|country= England
|post_town= [[Banbury]]
|postcode_district= OX17
|postcode_area= OX
|dial_code= 01295
|constituency_westminster= [[Banbury (UK Parliament constituency)|Banbury]]
|website= [http://www.adderburyparishcouncil.co.uk Adderbury Parish Council]
}}
'''Adderbury''' is a village and [[Civil parishes in England|civil parish]] in northern [[Oxfordshire]], England. It is about {{convert|3|mi|0}} south of [[Banbury]]. The village is divided in two by the Sor Brook. The village consists of two neighbourhoods: West Adderbury {{gbmapping|SP461350}} and East Adderbury {{gbmappingsmall|SP471356}}. Each half of Adderbury has its own [[village green]] and its own [[manor house]]. The parish church is known as the Cathedral of the Feldon.
==Toponym==
The village [[Toponymy|toponym]] has had several changes of spelling. The earliest known record of it is in a document from the middle of the 10th century.{{sfn|Ekwall|1940|p=2}} The [[Domesday Book]] records it as ''Edburgberie'', meaning "Eadburg's town".
==Places of Worship==
The [[Church of England parish church]] of [[Mary (mother of Jesus)|Saint Mary the Virgin]] is in East Adderbury. St. Mary's is one of the largest parish churches in Oxfordshire and [[architecture|architecturally]] one of the most important.{{sfn|Sherwood|Pevsner|1974|p=413}} St. Mary's building retains evidence of its 13th-century origins but was enlarged in the 14th century and again in the [[English Gothic architecture#Perpendicular Gothic|Perpendicular]] style in the early 15th century.{{sfn|Sherwood|Pevsner|1974|pp=413–414}}
By 1611 St. Mary's had a clock, for which there are records of repairs in 1617, 1621, 1626 and 1631.{{sfn|Beeson|Simcock|1989|p=162}} In 1684 it was replaced with a new clock, which with periodic repairs served the parish until late in the 19th century.{{sfn|Beeson|Simcock|1989|pp=26–27}} It has since been replaced with a new clock built by John Smith and Sons of [[Derby]], and little has been preserved of the 1684 clock except one shaft from the motion and the remains of one hand.{{sfn|Beeson|Simcock|1989|p=27}}
In the 18th century St. Mary's fell into disrepair. In the 19th century [[Victorian restoration|restoration]] was carried out in phases: sensitively by the architect [[John Chessell Buckler|J.C. Buckler]] between 1831 and 1834 and by the architect Sir [[George Gilbert Scott]] between 1866 and 1870, and less sensitively by Sir George's son [[John Oldrid Scott]] in 1886.{{sfn|Sherwood|Pevsner|1974|p=413}}
St. Mary's had a [[Change ringing|ring]] of six bells until 1789, when John Briant of [[Hertford]] took them down and re-cast them into a ring of eight.{{sfn|Beeson|Simcock|1989|p=27}} The third bell was recast again in 1863, this time by George Mears and Company of the [[Whitechapel Bell Foundry]].<ref name=Dove>{{cite web |url= http://dove.cccbr.org.uk/detail.php?searchString=Adderbury&Submit=+Go+&DoveID=ADDERBURY |title=Adderbury S Mary |work=[[Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers]] |publisher=[[Central Council of Church Bell Ringers]] |last=Smith |first=Martin |date=1 August 2008 |accessdate=25 March 2012}}</ref> The sixth bell was recast again in 1927, this time by [[John Taylor & Co]] of [[Loughborough]].<ref name=Dove/> St. Mary's has also a [[Church bell#Types|Sanctus bell]] that was cast by Matthew I Bagley of [[Chacombe#Social and economic history|Chacombe]], [[Northamptonshire]] in 1681.<ref name=Dove/>
The [[Methodist Church of Great Britain|Methodist]] Church in High Street was built in 1893.{{sfn|Sherwood|Pevsner|1974|p=415}} Adderbury Methodist Church is a member of the Banbury [[Methodist Circuit]]. The [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] [[Saint George]]'s chapel in Round Close Road in West Adderbury was built in 1956.
[[File:The old Quaker Meeting House in West Adderbury - geograph.org.uk - 1138962.jpg|thumb|Former Friends' meeting house]]
The former West Adderbury [[Friends meeting house]] built in 1675 by Bray Doyley is of great historical importance and Grade II* Listed as it was constructed before Quaker worship was made legal by the [[Act of Toleration 1689|Act of Toleration]] and Doyley, a successful local clock-maker, was sentenced to eight years imprisonment for building it. Quaker meetings ceased in the early twentieth century and the meeting house was leased to the Parish Council who demolished the adjoining women's meeting house in about 1955. It is used as a waiting room for the Parish Council's adjoining cemetery. The meeting house retains 18th century benches, elder's stand and gallery. The walls of the Quaker burial ground probably pre-date the meeting house and are [[Grade II Listed]] in their own right.
A former [[Non-conformism|Independent]] chapel, self-governing and owing no allegiance to outside denominations was built in 1820 in Cross Hill Road in West Adderbury. The main door was widened when the chapel was converted to industrial use.{{sfn|Sherwood|Pevsner|1974|p=415}}
==Economic and social history==
[[File:Adderbury, Oxon - geograph.org.uk - 1609285.jpg|thumb|New College tithe barn: 14th or early 15th century]]
[[File:Adderbury Manor House - geograph.org.uk - 818088.jpg|thumb|Adderbury West Manor house]]
Near St. Mary's is a [[tithe barn]] that was built for [[New College, Oxford]]. In the 1970s Jennifer Sherwood dated it mainly to the 14th century{{sfn|Sherwood|Pevsner|1974|p=416}} but [[English Heritage]] dates the earliest parts of the building to 1422.<ref name=EH>{{cite web |url=http://list.english-heritage.org.uk/resultsingle.aspx?uid=1365854 |title=Tithe barn adjoining Tythe Barn House |author= |date=5 May 1988 |work=The National Heritage List for England |publisher=[[English Heritage]] |accessdate=11 August 2011}}</ref> The walls are of [[ashlar]] marlstone and the roof is of [[Taynton Limestone Formation|Stonesfield slate]].<ref name=EH/> In the 17th century the barn was reduced to its present length of five [[Bay (architecture)|bays]] and partly rebuilt.<ref name=EH/> In about 1877 it was altered for [[Lawrence Palk, 1st Baron Haldon]].<ref name=EH/> The barn has similarities with tithe barns at [[Swalcliffe]] and [[Upper Heyford, Oxfordshire#Manor|Upper Heyford]], both of which were also built for New College early in the 15th century.<ref name=EH/> Because of its post-Medieval alterations it is only a [[Listed building#Categories of listed building|Grade II listed building]].<ref name=EH/>
Adderbury House is a [[English country house|country house]] in East Adderbury built in the 17th century. It was owned by [[Henry Wilmot, 1st Earl of Rochester]], who fought on the [[Cavalier|Royalist]] side during the [[English Civil War]]. Wilmot was a [[cavalry]] commander with [[Prince Rupert of the Rhine]], and both men kept troops at Adderbury House. The poet [[Anne Wharton]], wife of the Whig politician [[Thomas Wharton, 1st Marquess of Wharton]], died there in 1685.
Adderbury House has been remodelled several times: in 1661 for [[Anne Wilmot, Countess of Rochester]], in 1722 for [[John Campbell, 2nd Duke of Argyll]], in 1731 by the [[architect]] [[Roger Morris (1695–1749)|Roger Morris]] and in 1768 by the architect [[Sir William Chambers]] for [[Henry Scott, 3rd Duke of Buccleuch]]. Unfortunately most of the house was demolished in 1808.{{sfn|Sherwood|Pevsner|1974|pp=416–417}}
In the 19th century Adderbury House was owned by Major Larnach. When his Adderbury-trained horse Jeddah won the [[Epsom Derby|Derby]] at [[odds]] of 100–1 and also won at [[Ascot Racecourse|Ascot]], the Major paid for the building of the Village Institute. This opened in 1898 and has been the setting of countless village events since, ranging from early instruction and sewing meetings to the present-day activities.
Adderbury is noted for the many honey-coloured [[Cotswold stone|limestone]] cottages and houses in the older parts of the village. East Adderbury's manor house is 16th century and features diamond-patterned brick chimney-stacks. The Grange, also in East Adderbury, was built by John Bloxham of Banbury for Sir Thomas Cobb, first [[Baronet]], of Banbury, in 1684.{{sfn|Sherwood|Pevsner|1974|p=416}}
===Clockmakers===
Adderbury's Quaker community included a number of clockmakers. Richard Gilkes (1715–87) was a son of Thomas Gilkes of [[Sibford Gower#Clockmakers|Sibford Gower]].{{sfn|Beeson|Simcock|1989|p=101}} Richard was apprenticed to his father and started his own business in Adderbury East in about 1736.{{sfn|Beeson|Simcock|1989|p=101}} Gilkes was a prolific clockmaker until the 1770s{{sfn|Beeson|Simcock|1989|p=102}} and maintained the turret clock of St. Mary the Virgin parish church from 1747 until 1786.{{sfn|Beeson|Simcock|1989|p=103}}
Joseph Williams (1762–1835) lived in Adderbury East and traded from 1788.{{sfn|Beeson|Simcock|1989|p=150}} Williams made longcase clocks and succeeded Richard Gilkes in the maintenance of the parish church clock, which he did from 1788 until 1827.{{sfn|Beeson|Simcock|1989|p=151}} His son William Williams (1793–1862) assisted him and took over the business on his father's death in 1835.{{sfn|Beeson|Simcock|1989|p=151}} He made longcase clocks and maintained the parish church clock from 1828 until 1839.{{sfn|Beeson|Simcock|1989|p=151}}
===Railway===
The former [[Banbury and Cheltenham Direct Railway]], part of the [[Great Western Railway]], was completed in 1881. [[Adderbury railway station]] was at East Adderbury. [[British Rail]]ways had closed the station in 1951 and closed the railway to freight in 1964.
==Morris Dancing==
{{unreferenced section|date=March 2010}}
[[Image:Adderbury Day of Dance.jpg|thumb|Morris dancers at the Adderbury Day of Dance 2004, outside the Red Lion]]
The existence of the traditional Adderbury [[Morris dance|Morris dancing]] side was first documented by [[Janet Blunt]]. In 1916 she began interviewing William "Binx" Walton, who was then 80 years old. Walton had been foreman of the Adderbury side for 20 years in the mid-19th century. In 1919 Blunt introduced Walton to [[Cecil Sharp]], who watched Walton's performances and published detailed descriptions in his Morris Book.
Subsequent researches have determined that there were once as many as three Morris sides in the village, and the names of more than two dozen of the 19th century dancers have been documented. During [[Pentecost|Whitsun week]] they performed in Adderbury and neighbouring villages.
Sides regularly used to dance at Banbury Fair and the well-known Banbury eccentric, William 'Old Mettle' Castle, was [[Morris dance#Terminology|fool]] for the Adderbury team in the 19th century. During this period the village had two or possibly three sides performing although this had died out by the 1880s.
A revival side was established at the village school in the [[Edwardian]] era and some of the boys developed into a men's Morris side, prior to the [[World War I|First World War]]. There are pictures of this side and the names of the members were established, through talking to older village residents, in 1974. One of the dancers in the photographs, Charlie Coleman, was still alive at that time. Of those in the pictures, only Coleman returned from the war and that revival of Morris dancing in Adderbury therefore died with them.
However the dances had been recorded from two of the last surviving members of the 19th century team, brothers William and John Walton, in such detail by Janet Blunt and others that they could still be performed by a newly formed revival team led by Bryan Sheppard and Tim Radford. The side split in 1975 and there are now two Morris dancing sides in Adderbury, The Adderbury Village Morris Men (dressed in white and green with top hats) – whose members come from the village or surrounding parishes and only dance traditional dances from Adderbury – and the Adderbury Morris Men (dressed in white, blue and red), who take dancers from anywhere and who occasionally create new dances to add to the repertoire. The Adderbury tradition has become popular with groups of dancers from as far afield as the [[United States]] and [[Australia]]. Once a year both teams come together, with other guest sides, for a "Day of Dance" throughout the village.
==Amenities==
Adderbury has a [[Church of England]] [[primary school]]: [[Christopher Rawlins Primary School, Adderbury|Christopher Rawlins School]].
Adderbury has four [[public houses]]:
* The Bell Inn,<ref>[http://www.thebell-adderbury.com/ The Bell Inn]</ref> in High Street ([[Hook Norton Brewery]])
* The Coach and Horses, by The Green ([[Wadworth Brewery]])
* The Plough Inn,<ref>[http://www.charleswells.co.uk/home/pub-guide/pub/the-plough-adderbury The Plough Inn]</ref> in Aynho Road ([[Charles Wells Ltd|Charles Wells]])
* The Red Lion,<ref>[http://www.redlion-adderbury.com/ The Red Lion]</ref> by The Green ([[Greene King Brewery]])
Adderbury village activities include the History Association, 1st Adderbury [[The Scout Association|Scout]] troop,<ref>[http://www.adderburyscouts.com/ 1st Adderbury Scout Troop]</ref> [[Mothers' Union]], Over Sixties' Club, [[Gardening]] Club, and [[amateur dramatics]] (Adderbury Theatre Workshop).
==Sport and recreation==
{{unreferenced section|date=December 2012}}
===Adderbury Theatre Workshop===
In 1977 a talent contest was held as part of Adderbury's celebrations of [[Elizabeth II]]'s [[Silver Jubilee of Elizabeth II|Silver Jubilee]]. It was such a success that Adderbury Theatre Workshop was formed. Every year since then, the Village Institute has hosted several dramatic and musical performances including pantomimes, cabarets and plays. In 1984 members from Adderbury Theatre Workshop appeared at the [[Cropredy Festival]] where they performed the ''Pheasant Pluckers Song''.{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}}
===Banbury Golf Club===
Banbury Golf Club<ref>[http://www.banburygolfclub.co.uk/ Banbury Golf Club]</ref> is about {{convert|1.2|mi|0}} southeast of Adderbury on the [[A41 road|B4100]]. It first opened in 1993 and its [[Golf course|course]] consists of 18 holes. The current clubhouse, adapted from stone former [[dairy]] buildings, is in the centre of the course.
The [[Golf course#Putting green|greens]] are built to [[United States Golf Association|USGA]] specification. [[Par (golf scoring format)|Par]] is 70 and [[Golf handicap#Handicapping in the United Kingdom and Ireland|SSS]] 69. From the white [[tee]]s the courses extends {{convert|6121|yard}} and from the yellow tees up to {{convert|5845|yard}}. The Ladies' yardage is {{convert|5444|yard}} with Par 70 SSS 70.
===Adderbury Park Football Club===
Adderbury Park Football Club competes in the [[Oxfordshire Senior Football League]] [[Oxfordshire Senior Football League#Premier Division|Premier Division]].
==Notable people==
* [[Cyril Beeson]], forest entomologist and antiquarian horologist.
* [[Anthony Burgess]], novelist, lived here in the early 1950s.
* [[John Craven]], TV presenter
* [[Anthony Crosland]], [[Member of Parliament|MP]], lived in Adderbury until his death in 1977.
* [[Carl Mason]], golfer.
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Sources and further reading==
*{{cite book |last=Allen |first=Nicholas |year=1995 |title=Adderbury: A Thousand Years of History |location=Chichester |publisher=Phillimore & Co for Banbury Historical Society |isbn=0850339944 |ref=harv}}
*{{cite book |last=Beeson |first=C.F.C. |authorlink=Cyril Beeson |editor-last=Simcock |editor-first=A.V |year=1989 |origyear=1962 |edition=3rd |title=Clockmaking in Oxfordshire 1400–1850 |location=Oxford |publisher=[[Museum of the History of Science, Oxford|Museum of the History of Science]] |isbn=0-903364-06-9 |pages=26–27, 162 |ref=harv}}
*{{citation |last=Ekwall |first=Eilert |authorlink=Eilert Ekwall |title=Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place-Names |origyear=1936 |year=1940 |edition= 2nd |publisher=[[Clarendon Press]] |location=Oxford |page=2 |ref=harv}}
*{{cite book |editor1-last=Lobel |editor1-first=Mary D |editor1-link=Mary Lobel |editor2-last=Crossley |editor2-first=Alan |series=[[Victoria County History]] |title=A History of the County of Oxford: Volume 9 |year=1969 |publisher= |location= |isbn= |pages=171–188 |ref=harv}}
*{{cite book |last1=Sherwood |first1=Jennifer |last2=Pevsner |first2=Nikolaus |authorlink2=Nikolaus Pevsner |series=[[Pevsner Architectural Guides#Buildings of England|The Buildings of England]] |title=Oxfordshire |year=1974 |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |location=Harmondsworth |isbn=0-14-071045-0 |pages=413–419 |ref=harv}}
==External links==
{{Commons category|Adderbury}}
*[http://www.adderbury.org Adderbury Oxfordshire]
*[http://www.christopher-rawlins-school.org.uk/new%20pages/CRWelcome.html Christopher Rawlins C or E Primary School]
*[http://www.adderbury-stmarys.com The Church of St Mary the Virgin Adderbury]
*[http://www.adderburymorris.org.uk Adderbury Morris Men's Web Site]
*[http://www.geograph.org.uk/search.php?i=4070153 Geograph photographs of Adderbury and area]
*{{OpenDomesday|SP4635|adderbury|Adderbury}}
{{Cherwell}}
[[Category:Villages in Oxfordshire]]
[[Category:Civil parishes in Oxfordshire]]
[[Category:Gardens by Capability Brown]]
{{usedwp|Adderbury}}