Just wrote this up as a quick troubleshooting guide for common login errors. Feel free to expand it.
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== Why log in? ==
Although you can make edits even without being logged in, there are a number of advantages that you have when logged in.
First, and perhaps most importantly, your edits can be clearly identified with your username. When editing while not logged in, your IP address will be used for identification. The IP address may change from time to time or be used by multiple people (such as in internet cafés or public hotspots), making it an unreliable means of identifying an editor. Thus you could be mistaken for another person, who may be a vandal, and you would not be able to edit the wiki because the vandal was previously blocked. By registering and logging in you can identify yourself with your username, thus avoiding confusion.
There are also many other minor advantages, such as being able to change certain personal preferences or keeping a watchlist of articles. Logged in users also have certain privileges not available to anonymous editors to prevent vandalism.
== Login problems ==
=== Incorrect username ===
''There is no user by the name "Username". Check your spelling.''
If you have not done so yet, register an account using the "Register" button next to the "Log in" button in the toolbar. If you already have an account, check the spelling of your name. Capitalization matters everywhere except for the first letter. (e. g. "Username" and "UserName" are two different users, but "username" and "Username" are treated as the same.)
=== Incorrect password ===
''Incorrect password entered. Please try again.''
Check the spelling of your password. Capitalization matters.
=== Cookies disabled ===
''You have cookies disabled. Please enable them and try again.''
Check if you have cookies enabled in your browser settings (they are by default). If you have them enabled, re-enter your password and try logging in again. This error sometimes appears even if cookies are enabled.
=== Session hijacking ===
If you get an error regarding session hijacking, don't worry. This usually appears when re-sending login data by reloading the page. Re-enter your password and use the "Log in" button or the Return key to send the data.