2015-04-09

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Communication Engineering,
Block Schematic of Communication System.Analog and Digital base band signals and their bandwidth requirements.Necessity of modulation and types of modulation-AM, FM and PM.Amplitude ModulationBlock schematic of DSBFC, DSBSC, SSB, VSB and ISB transmitters. Generation methods, Mathematical analysis, modulation index, frequency spectrum, power requirement.Block schematic of receivers for above transmission. Mixers, detectors, Tracking, AGC. Modulator and demodulator ICs.Performance parameters for receiver such as selectivity, sensitivity, fidelity, image frequency rejection.Double conversion technique in Communication receivers.Frequency ModulationBlock schematic of FM transmitters, Narrow band and wide band FM generation. Direct and Indirect methods of generation, Mathematical Analysis, modulation index, frequency spectrum and bandwidth requirement.Block schematic of FM receivers, FM discriminators, pre-emphasis and de-emphasis.Comparison of AM and FM, Noise triangle. FM modulator and demodulator ICs.Pulse ModulationNyquist Criteria, PAM, PWM, generation and detection.PCM & Multiplexing-Techniques.Radiation and PropagationConcept of radiation, basic antenna system - antenna gain, directivity and radiation pattern. Dipole antenna, Different R.F. bands used in communication, Mechanism of propagation. Groundwave, spacewave and skywave propagation, duct propagation, tropospheric scattering, fading, Diversity reception.Audio CommunicationMicrophones, Loudspeakers, loudspeaker enclosures, PA systems, Graphic equalizer, stereophony/Hi fi Systems, Recent trends in sound recording.TelephonyPrinciples of telephony, various tones, electronic telephone exchanges, DTMF pulsing techniques.NoiseSources of noise, Johnson noise, SNR, Noise figure, noise temperature.Internet Technology, basic architecture, Applications.
by A.P.Godse U.A.Bakshi
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Telecommunication Engineering,

by U.A.Bakshi
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Basic Electrical And Electronics Engineering,

by U.A.Bakshi
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Basics Of Electrical And Electronics Engineering,
Electrical Circuits and MeasurementsOhm's law, Kirchoff's laws, Steady state solution of DC circuits, Introduction to AC circuits, Waveforms and RMS value, Power and power factor, Single phase and three phase balanced circuits.Operating principles of moving coil and moving iron instruments (Ammeters and voltmeters), Dynamometer type watt meters and energy meters.Electrical MachinesConstruction, Principle of operation, Basic equations and applications of DC generators, DC motors, Single phase transformer, Induction motors and stepper motors.Semiconductor Devices and ApplicationsCharacteristics of PN junction diode, Zener effect, Zener diode and its characteristics, Half wave and full wave rectifiers, Voltage regulation.Bipolar junction transistor, CB, CE, CC configurations and characteristics, Necessity of biasing, Principles of biasing circuits, Elementary treatment of small signal amplifier.Characteristics and simple applications of SCR, DIAC, TRIAC and UJT.Digital ElectronicsBinary number system, Logic gates, Boolean algebra, Half and full adders, Flip-flops, Registers and counters, A/D and D/A conversions.Fundamentals of Communication EngineeringTypes of signals : Analog and digital signals - Modulation and demodulation : Principles of amplitude and frequency modulations.Communication systems : Radio, TV, Fax, Microwave, Satellite and optical fibre.
by A.P.Godse U.A.Bakshi
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Basic Electronics Engineering,

by U.A.Bakshi
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Analog Communication,
IntroductionIntroduction to communication system, Need for modulation, Frequency division multiplexing, Amplitude modulation, Definition, Time domain and frequency domain description, Single tone modulation, Power relations in AM waves, Generation of AM waves, Square law modulator, Switching modulator, Detection of AM waves, Square law detector, Envelope detector.DSB ModulationDouble side band suppressed carrier modulators, Time domain and frequency domain description, Generation of DSBSC waves, Balanced modulators, Ring modulator, Coherent detection of DSB-SC modulated waves, COSTAS loop)SSB ModulationFrequency domain description, Frequency discrimination method for generation of AM SSB modulated wave, Time domain description, Phase discrimination method for generating AM SSB modulated waves, Demodulation of SSB waves, Vestigial side band modulation : Frequency description, Generation of VSB modulated wave, Time domain description, Envelope detection of a VSB, Wave pulse carrier, Comparison of AM techniques, Applications of different AM systems.Angle ModulationBasic concepts, Frequency modulation : Single tone frequency modulation, Spectrum analysis of sinusoidal FM wave, Narrow band FM, Wide band FM, Constant average power, Transmission bandwidth of FM wave - Generation of FM waves, Direct FM, Detection of FM waves : Balanced frequency discriminator, Zero crossing detector, Phase locked loop, Comparison of FM and AM.NoiseNoise in analog communication system, Noise in DSB and SSB system, Noise in AM system, Noise in angle modulation system, Threshold effect in angle modulation system, Pre-emphasis and de-emphasis.TransmittersRadio transmitter - Classification of transmitter, AM transmitter, Effect of feedback on performance of AM transmitter, FM transmitter - Variable reactance type and phase modulated FM transmitter, Frequency stability in FM transmitter.ReceiversRadio receiver - Receiver types - Tuned radio frequency receiver, Superheterodyne receiver, RF section and characteristics - Frequency changing and tracking, Intermediate frequency, AGC, FM receiver, Comparison with AM receiver, Amplitude limiting.Pulse ModulationTime division multiplexing, Types of pulse modulation, PAM (single polarity, double polarity) PWM : Generation and demodulation of PWM, PPM, Generation and demodulation of PPM.
by U.A.Bakshi A.P.Godse
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Basics Of Electrical Engineering,
Fundamentals of DC and AC CircuitsFundamentals of DC Circuits : Ohm's law, Kirchhoff's law, Simple resistive circuits - Effect of series and parallel resistances - Mesh and Nodal analysis - Simple problems.Fundamentals of AC Circuits : RMS and average values of sine wave, Form factor, Peak factor. Single phase AC circuits - Impedance, Power and power factor - RL, RC, RLC circuits - Simple AC circuits - Problems.Fundamentals of Magnetic CircuitsOhm's law of magnetic circuit, Simple and composite magnetic circuits, Effect of air gap - Leakage factor - fringing effect - Simple problems. Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction - Self and Mutually induced EMF - Statically and Dynamically induced EMF - Simple problems.DC Machines and TransformersDC Machine : Construction - EMF equation of DC generator - Types of generators and motors - Characteristics.Transformer : Construction - EMF equation - Transformation ratio - Types of transformers - Instrumentation transformer.Induction MachinesThree Phase Induction Motor : Construction, Types - Principle of operation - Torque equation - Slip Vs Torque characteristics of cage and wound rotor.Single Phase Induction Motor : Principle of operation-Types - Applications.Power SuppliesHalf wave and full wave rectifiers - Bridge rectifier - Types of filters - Voltage regular - Introduction to SMPS and UPS.
by V.U.Bakshi U.A.Bakshi
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Basic Electronics,
Semiconductor Diodes and Applications p-n junction diode, Characteristics and parameters, Diode approximations, DC load line, Temperature dependence of p-n characteristics, AC equivalent circuits, Zener diodes, Half-wave diode rectifier, Ripple factor, Full-wave diode rectifier, Other full-wave circuits, Shunt capacitor - Approximate analysis of capacitor filters, Power supply performance, Zener diode voltage regulators, Numerical examples as applicable.Transistors Bipolar junction transistor, Transistor voltages and currents, Amplification, Common base, Common Emitter and Common Collector Characteristics, DC load line and bias point. Biasing MethodsBase bias, Collector to base bias, Voltage divider bias, Comparison of basic bias circuits, Bias circuit design, Thermal stability of bias circuits (Qualitative discussions only). Other DevicesSilicon Controlled Rectifier (S.C.R.), SCR control circuits, More S.C.R. applications ; Unijunction transistor, UJT applications, Junction field effect transistors (Exclude fabrication and packaging), JFET characteristics, FET amplifications, Numerical examples as applicable.Amplifiers and OscillatorsDecibels and half power points, Single stage CE amplifier and capacitor coupled two stage CE amplifier (Qualitative discussions only), Series voltage negative feedback and additional effects of negative feed back (Qualitative discussions only), The Barkhausen criterion for oscillations, BJT RC phase shift oscillator, Hartley Colpitts and crystal oscillator (Qualitative discussions only,) Numerical problems as applicable.Introduction to Operational Amplifiers Ideal Op-amp, Saturable property of an Op-amp, Inverting and noninverting Op-amp circuits, Need for Op-amp, Characteristics and applications - Voltage follower, Addition, Subtraction, Integration, Differentiation ; Numerical examples as applicable, Cathode Ray oscilloscope (CRO).Communication SystemsBlock diagram, Modulation, Radio systems, Superhetrodyne receivers, Numerical examples as applicable.Number SystemsIntroduction, Decimal system, Binary, Octal and hexadecimal number systems, Addition and subtraction, Fractional number, Binary coded decimal numbers.Digital LogicBoolean algebra, Logic gates, Half-adder, Full-adder, Parallel binary adder.
by A.P.Godse U.A.Bakshi
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Electronic Instrumentation,
Sensors for Transducers Potentiometers, Differential transformers, Resistance strain gauges, Capacitance sensors, Eddy-current sensors, Pizoelectric, Photoelectric, RTD, Thermisters, Thermocouple sensors. Oscilloscopes Specifications of general purpose oscilloscope, Controls, Sweep modes, Applications digital storage oscilloscope and its feature like roll, Refresh and sampling rate, Applications of DSO in communication, Recent trends in oscilloscope technology.Signal Analyzers Total harmonic distortion, Wave analyzer and its applications, FFT analyzer and network analyzer and their applications. Measuring Instruments and Test Equipments True RMS meter, Q meter, Standard a.c. and d.c. sources, Instruments for digital and analog circuit testing and automatic test equipment. Converters and Digital Instruments A/D and D/A converters and their types, Specifications, Data loggers, Significance of 3 1⁄2 and 41⁄2 digit, Automation in digital instruments, DMM, Digital frequency meter, Universal counter and their applications like event, Ratio, Totalizing and timers etc.Data Transmission Techniques Data transmission techniques, Pulse modulation, Digital modulation technique like amplitude shift keying, Phase shift keying, Telemetry and its applications in instrumentation.
by U.A.Bakshi
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Control Engineering,
Concept of automatic controls, Open and closed loop systems, Concepts of feedback, Requirement of an ideal control system.Mathematical Model Mechanical system (both translation and rotational), Electrical systems (servos, D.C. Motors, A.C. Servosystems), Hydraulic systems (Liquid level and fluid power systems), Thermal systems, Integrating devices, Hydraulic servomotor, Temperature control system and Error detectors.System ResponseFirst order and second order system response to step, ramp and sinusoidal inputs, Concepts of time constant and its importance in speed of response. System of stability-Routh Hurwitz Criterion.Block Diagrams Signal flow graphs and transfer functions definition, Function, Block representation of system elements, Reduction of block diagrams, Signal flow graphs, Basic properties and Gain formula to block.Control Action Types of controllers - Proportional, Integral, Proportional Integral, Proportional Integral Differential controllers (Basic concepts only).Frequency Response Polar and rectangular plots for the frequency response, System analysis using Nyquist diagrams, Relative stability concepts of gain margin and phase margin, M and N circles.System Analysis using Logarithmic PlotsBode attenuation diagrams, Stability analysis using Bode diagrams, Simplified Bode diagrams.Root Locus Plots Definition of root loci, Constructing of root loci, Graphical relationship setting the system gain.System CompensationSeries and feedback compensation, Physical devices for system compensation.State Variable Characteristics of Linear SystemsIntroduction to state concepts, State equation of linear continuous data system, Matrix representation of state equations, Controllability and observability, Kalman and Gilberts test.
by V.U.Bakshi U.A.Bakshi
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Electron Devices,
Line generation : Points, lines, planes, pixels and frame buffers, vector and character generation.Graphics primitives : Display devices, primitive devices, display file structure, display control text.Polygon : Polygon representation, entering polygons, filling polygons.Segments : Segments table, creating, deleting and renaming segments, visibility, image transformations.Transformations : Matrices transformation, transformation routines, displays procedure.Windowing and clipping : Viewing transformation and clipping, generalize clipping, multiple windowing.Three dimension : 3D geometry primitives, transformations, projection clipping. Interaction : Hardware input devices handling algorithms, event handling, echoing, interactive techniques.Hidden line and surface : Back-face removal algorithms, hidden line methods. Rendering and illumination : Introduction to curve generation, Bezier, Hermite and B-spline algorithms and their comparisons.
by A.P.Godse U.A.Bakshi
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Electronics Engineering,

by A.P.Godse
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Basics Of Electronics Engineering,
Introduction to Semiconductors and Diodes Introduction : Semiconductors N-type and P-type Majority and Minority carriers PN Junction characteristics Type and applications Power supplies Rectifier Filters Voltage multiplier Zener regulators.Transistors-Introduction to Small Signal AmplifierAmplification Transistor characteristic curve Transistor Types Transistor as switch Measuring gain Common emitter amplifier Stabilizing the amplifier Other configurations. Large Signal Amplification - Oscillators Basic features Amplifier classification Class A, B, AB, C and switched mode Amplifiers Oscillators RC, LC, Crystal and Relaxation oscillators SCR.Digital Logic and Combinational Circuits Binary Number System and Codes Basic logic gates and truth tables Boolean algebra and DeMorgan's theorem Logic circuits Sum of product methods Product of sum method Simple design of combinational logic networks Digital arithmetic Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication and Division of binary numbers. Sequential Logic CircuitsFlip Flops SR Flip Flop, Clocked SR, Master Slave, SR, JK Flip Flop D Flip Flop Registers Types of registers Counters Synchronous and Asynchronous counters BCD Decade counter.
by U.A.Bakshi A.P.Godse
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Elements Of Electronics Engineering,
Semiconductor Diodes Classification of materials as insulator, Conductors and semiconductors, Types of semiconductors-intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, P-type and N-type, Majority and minority charge carriers, Drift current. The PN junction, Formation of depletion layer, Junction voltage, Effect of temperature on junction voltage, Forward and reverse biased PN junction. Reverse saturation current, V-I characteristics. Junction breakdown, Zener and avalanche breakdown, Junction capacitance and equivalent circuit. PN junction diode, V-I characteristics, Diode parameters, Applications, Diode ratings or specifications, Ideal diode and real diode, Introduction to zener diode.Bipolar Junction Transistor Introduction, Emitter, Base and collector of transistor, Transistor construction and biasing. Transistor circuit configurations, Common base, Common emitter, Common collector, Leakage current and thermal runaway.Field Effect Transistor Introduction, Symbol, Classification of FET, Basic construction of JFET, Opens operation and characteristics, MOSFET, Depletion and enhancement type MOSFET, Construction, Working. FET applications.Opto and Power Devices Introduction, Wavelength and frequency, Spectral response of human eye, LED, Photo emissive devices, Photo diode.UJT, SCR, TRIAC, DIAC, SCSConstruction, Parameters, Characteristics, Operation and applications.Operational Amplifiers and Power Supplies Ideal operational amplifier. Inverting and non-inverting amplifier, Difference amplifier. Ground concept, Summing amplifier, Voltage follower.DC Power Supplies Introduction, Unregulated and regulated power supply, Rectifiers, Regulation, Zener diode shunt regulator, Transistor series voltage regulator. Voltage multipliers, Complete power supply.Cathode Ray OscilloscopeIntroduction, Cathode ray tube, Theory and construction, Applications.Electronic InstrumentsElectronic voltmeters, Differential amplifiers, DC voltmeters, Electronic multimeters.Logic Circuits Binary numbers, Conversion of decimal numbers to binary numbers. HEX and OCTAL numbers, Conversion to binary form, AND, OR, NOR, NAND and all logic gates, Symbols and truth table each case.
by U.A.Bakshi A.P.Godse
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Elements Of Power Systems,
Power System ComponentsSingle line diagram of power system, Brief description of power system elements : Synchronous machine, Transformer, Transmission line, Bus bar, Circuit breaker and isolator.Supply SystemDifferent kinds of supply system and their comparison, Choice of transmission voltage.Transmission LinesConfigurations, Types of conductors, Resistance of line, Skin effect, Kelvin's law, Proximity effect.Overhead Transmission LinesCalculation of inductance and capacitance of single phase, Three phase, Single circuit and double circuit transmission lines, Representation and performance of short, medium and long transmission lines, Ferranti effect. Surge impedance loading.Corona and InterferencePhenomenon of corona, Corona formation, Calculation of potential gradient, Corona loss, Factors affecting corona, Methods of reducing corona and interference. Electrostatic and electromagnetic interference with communication lines.Overhead Line InsulatorsType of insulators and their applications, Potential distribution over a string of insulators, Methods of equalizing the potential, String efficiency.Mechanical Design of Transmission LineCatenary curve, Calculation of sag and tension, Effects of wind and ice loading, Sag template, Vibration dampers.Insulated CablesType of cables and their construction, Dielectric stress, Grading of cables, Insulation resistance, Capacitance of single phase and three phase cables, Dielectric loss, Heating of cables.Neutral GroundingNecessity of neutral grounding, Various methods of neutral grounding, Earthing transformer, Grounding practices.Electrical Design of Transmission LineDesign consideration of EHV transmission lines, Choice of voltage, Number of circuits, Conductor configuration, Insulation design, Selection of ground wires.EHV AC and HVDC TransmissionIntroduction to EHV AC and HVDC transmission and their comparison, Use of bundle conductors, Kinds of DC links, And incorporation of HVDC into AC system.
by M.V.Bakshi U.A.Bakshi
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