Ode To Billie Joe:
Hey Kent,
Looks like you and I discovered some of the same online "info" on the recording of "Ode to Billy Joe". I thought it was a stretch for the song to be over seven minutes, only to be trimmed down for airplay. I think it's great when a songwriter like Bobbie can deliver lyrics that are ambiguous. The group, America's songbook is full of those kind of verses. To be honest, after Billy Joe and girlfriend threw something off the bridge, I thought he went back by himself to retrieve it, and accidentally drowned! I just hate how the cheesy movie forced all of us to conclude what "really" happened. Better left alone to let our imagination paint the picture.
- John LaPuzza
I'm starting to think that what went over the Tallahatchie Bridge that day was everybody's sanity!!! But we're coming across some vintage articles now, circa 1967 / 1968 that bear out the whole B-Side / seven minute version story ... read on! (kk)
Attached is a Billboard article about Jimmy Haskell confirming Ode was the intended B side. This is from 1968, not something written 20 years later.
Hopefully this link will take you to a book written about Bobbie Gentry and goes into detail on Mississippi Delta. https://books.google.com/books?id=HCihBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT58&dq=Mississippi+Delta+billboard+Bobbie+Gentry&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjh1-zu5ZXNAhXI8z4KHWHaC9YQ6AEIIjAB#v=onepage&q=Mississippi%20Delta%20billboard%20Bobbie%20Gentry&f=false
Also the old Billboards on line indicate Mississippi Delta charted overseas.
Paul Urbahns
Radcliff, Ky
Very interesting ... not only does the photo above and the link confirm "Ode To Billie Joe"'s B-Side status, it ALSO states with complete certainty that a seven minute version exists SOMEWHERE. Sure would love to see somebody at Capitol unearth this rarity! (kk)
Truthfully, it probably makes the most sense to reference material that was out at the time when it comes to anything relating to Bobbie Gentry and/or "Ode To Billie Joe" ... especially since she hasn't spoken a word about it in the nearly 50 years since!
With that thought in mind, check out these comments from Gary Theroux, one of the original authors of the hit syndicated radio series "The History Of Rock And Roll" ...
Regarding "Ode To Billie Joe," Mr. Diehl is entitled to his perceptions -- but that's what they are: his perceptions. I stand by my research, which was compiled from many, many sources. Only Bobbie Gentry herself can settle the lingering questions about her classic hit and at the present time she doesn't seem too interested in talking. Therefore we have to go by established facts plus what she did say while she was still open to the press.
Whether or not there is or isn't an intact seven-minute version of "Ode To Billie Joe" in the Capitol vaults does not mean that one was never recorded. According to my research, the 4:13 released version of "Ode" (with the added strings) was a cut down from a seven minute original track -- which, as noted, consisted simply of Bobbie singing to her own single guitar accompaniment. If so, Capitol could have easily simply discarded the removed section(s) and their edits buried under Jimmie Haskell's string enhancements. As it turns out, Billie cut a seven-minute DEMO version of "Ode" and presented it to Capitol (see story below). It appears that her original Capitol studio recording was also seven minutes, which the label cut down. While only Bobbie could tell us for sure, every published report I researched indicates that Bobbie's original conception of "Ode" -- be it the demo or the studio performance -- ran seven minutes.
The idea of a record company insisting on shortening a song before release is nothing new. When The Browns went in to record "The Three Bells" in 1959, producer Chet Atkins told them the song was way too long to be commercial and had them cut the song's timeline down to only three phases of Jimmy's life: his birth, his wedding and his passing. The other verses -- which The Browns sometimes included in their live performances -- were deleted.
Incidentally, I never speculated as to what any additional verses of "Ode" might have contained as I do not know and am not one to guess. If I ever get to interview Bobbie directly, I'll probably ask her that, but I am not holding my breath.
As I wrote, Ms. Gentry was signed to Capitol on the strength of "Mississippi Delta," which Capitol's Kelly Gordon thought would make a fine A side. Yes, Bobbie had performed live and even recorded before, but, according to all published reports, at the time she was hoping Capitol would pick up "Mississippi Delta" as a SONG to be recorded by one of their established artists. She was thrilled when Kelly was equally impressed by her VOCAL and signed her as an artist.
The copyright date on a composition has nothing to do with when a song was written. It could have been five minutes or fifty years before. As the holder of many copyrights myself, I don't necessarily copyright everything I do right after I complete it. Depending on what it is and its public release date, I may wait weeks, months or even years before I file for copyright registration -- and when I do, I often group a number of things under a single copyright. It's cheaper and easier. Therefore when Bobbie's compositions "Ode To Billie Joe," "Mississippi Delta" and her other works were formally copyrighted has nothing to do with the exact dates upon which they were composed.
Whenever I research a hit, I first go to the people directly involved in its creation: the original writers, artists and producers. After that I'll check outside sources -- which are far more likely to include errors, contradictions, misperceptions and promotional hype. In the case of Bobbie Gentry, as the original writer and performer, she has made herself unavailable for years. Arranger Jimmie Haskell -- whom we lost only last February -- did reveal HIS version of the "Ode" story in this interview conducted shortly before his passing:
Bobbie Gentry had the most gorgeous legs ever: On the record with Jimmie Haskell
Grammy-winning "Ode to Billie Joe" string arranger Jimmie Haskell sets the record straight on his initial meeting with Gentry (she liked his beard), Capitol being initially embarrassed by the "Billie Joe" recording, and how the alluring songwriter handily dealt with the musician who claimed he produced it.
Believe it or not, the easy-going and forthright gentleman briefly dated the girl with the most beautiful legs ever. Once she became wealthy, Haskell analyzes whether fame and fortune affected Gentry's personality in an adverse manner. A glaring example: what occurred backstage at a Memphis Symphony concert when a facility manager did not meet her demands.
Do you recall what projects you worked on with Bobbie Gentry?
Ode to Billie Joe [1967], The Delta Sweete [1968], and Fancy [1970] are the three studio albums that I contributed to. Shorty Rogers did most of the arrangements on The Delta Sweete. He was an excellent arranger and a really good guy. He died too early. I do recall arranging “Okolona River Bottom Band”, which was released as a single from the album.
When she briefly signed with Warner Brothers in 1977, I arranged her final single, “Steal Away” b/w “He Did Me Wrong But He Did It Right.”
What do you remember about your first meeting with Bobbie?
I thought Bobbie had the most gorgeous legs ever [laughs]. She was quiet and soft-spoken. Kelly Gordon, her producer, initiated the meeting. Kelly called me one night and said, “Meet me at Capitol right now. I want you to meet a new girl singer and write an arrangement of her song to be recorded at the end of the Checkmates, Ltd. session tomorrow.”
The Checkmates, Ltd. recording had been set-up the week before, and I had written arrangements for that session. Capitol liked them, so they signed them to make inroads into the R&B field. They were a pretty good group featuring both black and white members. They had a couple of minor hits [“Black Pearl”, produced by Phil Spector, was their biggest at No. 13 Pop in 1969].
To get back to the story, I had been working on a movie for two weeks, so I hadn’t shaved. I had a beard and moustache, and I was looking scraggly. When I walked into the Capitol studio, I told Kelly, “I apologize. I didn’t take time to shave, since you told me to come over immediately.”
Bobbie spoke up and said, “I like your beard!” So I decided to keep it [laughs]. That was really her only remark during the session.
Kelly took me aside and presented Bobbie’s songs. He admitted, “We just signed her up for a song called ‘Mississippi Delta.’” It is a finished record. But we listened to some of her other songs, and we like this one called ‘Ode to Billie Joe.’ We’re going to put it on the B-side.”
I asked, “What should I write on it?” because up to that point, I was used to people telling me, “Oh, I want something here, something there.” They would even give me instructions or sing it to me. But Kelly responded, “Just put strings on it so we won’t be embarrassed. It’s a record with only a girl singing and playing a five-string guitar” [laughs].
How did you come up with the “Ode to Billie Joe” string arrangement?
People ask me how I get my thoughts. I think I get ‘em from God ... because I sit there, and I sit there ... and then I play the song for awhile until it’s in my head. I’ll go about my business until all of a sudden, the ideas come to me.
I write as fast as I can on paper before I forget what I just heard in my head. I think it’s a wonderful miracle. That’s one of the things that happens to most arrangers I have found. Thoughts just pop into their head. I think the same criteria applies to songwriters. Who knows where it comes from. Some folks liken it to the “Universal Mind” concept.
After awhile I got to thinking, Bobbie’s lyrics are like a movie, so I composed the string arrangement as if it were a movie.
For some strange and miraculous reason I was told to hire four violins and two celli (aka cellos). Usually it would have been four violins, one viola, and one cello. I say miraculous, because I was able to use one cello to play a pizzicato bass part, and the other cello to play a traditional bowed string part.
To illustrate a bit more, I had to think of a bass line that would not make the cello sound phony because the usual bass line in those days was “Doom, duh doom, duh doom, duh doom doom doom doom doom, duh doom … ”
I thought, What’s my cello player gonna play that has the fewest notes? Well, I figured out a bass line with only three notes every two bars. It was, “Doom, [snaps fingers three times], duh doom [snaps fingers three times], doom. Every once in awhile the player might add an extra note.
Kelly listened to the first rehearsal. Then he walked over to where the cello was playing [it’s called pizzicato when you pluck the strings]. Kelly kneeled in front of the cello and put his ear near the f-hole [on stringed instruments, it sounds like a dirty word but it’s because it is shaped like the letter “F”] and remarked, “Keep playing.” Kelly then asked his engineer, Joe Polito, to put the mike right on the cello. And Kelly got a good sound.
I decided I couldn’t write too much, so after the introduction there isn’t much going on with the violins. But the cello is still playing along with Bobbie’s guitar. As it turned out, all Capitol had to do was pay the string players overtime. The Musicians’ Union eventually didn’t allow arrangers to score music for two artists on the same date.
How did Capitol feel about the length of the song, “Ode to Billie Joe?”
Kelly Gordon told me a story one time. After we recorded “Ode to Billie Joe”, there was an A&R meeting upstairs. The president of Capitol Records at the time was Boyle Gilmore. The single was 4:15 minutes long [it had already been edited down from a seven-minute version].
In those days, people were striving to release records that were only two minutes or two and a half minutes long. Disc jockeys would be more inclined to play a short record, since they could get more records in between commercials.
Kelly submitted both sides of the record [“Mississippi Delta” and “Ode”] for consideration as the A-side. As the A&R meeting came to a close and everyone was leaving, Boyle told Kelly, “Stick around for a minute.”
Boyle put his arm around Kelly and inquired, “Why did you make a record that ran more than three minutes?” Kelly shot back, “Well, why did you choose it?” [laughs].
Was Kelly Gordon an underrated producer?
Kelly was an excellent producer. During the recording sessions, Kelly was always in charge. He was a very exuberant fellow. Kelly had good ears, and he knew how to communicate with people.
Did you know he co-wrote a song called “That’s Life” for Frank Sinatra? [Haskell softly sings, “That’s life, that’s what the people say”]. It was a big hit. He was a pretty good songwriter.
I was very pleased to work with him. Kelly knew what he wanted, and he knew how it should be done. I liked his attitude and his thinking. Sometimes a producer doesn’t know what he’s talking about, but Kelly knew.
Capitol asked Bobbie to record a full-length album. She and Kelly had already picked the tunes before I arrived to add the arrangements. When I got there, Bobbie began to talk more and add suggestions here and there. She always remained respectful of Kelly and me. I think we had a good time recording.
Kelly eventually fell in love with Bobbie and left his wife and kids in San Diego and moved in with her. After awhile, she got tired of him and kicked him out. A few years later she heard he was dying of cancer. Bobbie invited Kelly back to her spare house behind her house, and she took care of him until he died.
The gritty rock and roll “Mississippi Delta” sticks out like a sore thumb on the Ode to Billie Joe album.
That was the only song on the album where I had nothing to do with the arrangement. There was something infectious about “Ode”, something that appealed to people more than “Delta.” She was just another rock singer on "Delta."
You won a Grammy for Best Arrangement Accompanying a Vocalist for “Ode to Billie Joe” in February, 1968. What do you remember about that moment?
I knew I was nominated for the award, but I didn’t really count on winning. It was held at the Hollywood Palladium. I was sitting there with my wife and kids. They called my name, and I simply walked forward and got it. It was wonderful.
Bobbie won three Grammys that night, too, including Best New Artist and Best Vocal Performance by a Female.
I wrote a song in appreciation to Bobbie called “Owed to Bobbie Gentry” [available on the extremely hard-to-find vinyl only French Horns Volume Two, 1968]. I put it in minor, and I liked my melody. I got the same rhythm feel as “Ode to Billie Joe,” but I had French horns on it. Now that I think of it, I also covered “Ode to Billie Joe” on that record.
Did folks try to take advantage of Bobbie before she became successful?
Bobbie told me an interesting story about the way she came to record “Ode to Billie Joe.” She had been asked to play guitar and sing backup for a guy named Bobby Paris. He told her, “I can’t pay you any money, so how can we work it out?”
She quickly replied, “Let me use your previously booked studio time and record some of my demos.” Now you know how she recorded “Mississippi Delta” b/w “Ode to Billie Joe,” which ultimately became her first Capitol single [deejays preferred the B-side, so they flipped it over].
After “Billie Joe” became a hit, Paris told her, “You know, I produced those two songs.” She replied, “You were in the booth moving the knobs. I don’t call that real producing because you didn’t give me any guidance. So why are you saying you produced those records?” Paris didn't really have a good reason but boldly replied, “I think we should split the royalties 50 / 50.” Bobbie thought a bit and said, "Well, I guess that’s okay.”
Someway or other, Bobbie let Capitol know that Paris was the producer of the accompanying album and they were splitting it 50 / 50. I guess he was a smooth talker. After a while, Bobbie called Capitol and inquired, “Don’t you have any checks for me yet?” They said, “Yeah, we had one check for $1,000, but we gave it to your partner, Bobby Paris.”
Bobbie immediately called up Paris and asked him where her $500 was. Paris sheepishly replied, “I’m sorry, but I was really down and needed the money. So I spent it.” She went, “Okay, you’re off the record. You’re not my producer anymore. You’re not sharing anything with me.” It was the biggest mistake Paris ever made [Author's Note: Paris apparently had the last laugh. In 1975 he sued Gentry for one percent of her Capitol royalties based on their original verbal agreement. He won the case and the singer paid him $35,000 to settle the judgement].
There was a rumor going around that someone else had written “Ode to Billie Joe.” I mentioned that to Bobbie. She said, “If they wrote it, why don’t they show up and claim it?” [laughs].
When Bobbie became wealthy, did it affect her personality?
I think she was a little more exclusive and a little more reclusive. Up ‘til then, she was trying to make it. I don’t suppose she really changed. She could simply afford to become more reclusive.
In the early days, she said to me, “Jimmie, I’m gonna be rich. My mother’s been married twice – once to a regular guy and then to a rich man. I like being rich. If I don’t make it in music, I’m gonna start a company and make really inexpensive dresses out of burlap bags.” She already had great business savvy. Eventually she bought a big house up near Laurel Canyon.
By the way, Bobbie was working in a little club in Glendale at the time she recorded “Ode”. She wouldn’t tell me where the club was because she didn’t want anybody to see her working in a less than perfect light.
Shortly after “Ode to Billie Joe” had been released and was becoming very popular, Bobbie called me up and said [Haskell imitates a Southern drawl], “Jimmie, I’m gonna be on The Ed Sullivan Show. We’re gonna hire a string quartet to play the chart. Can you send them the music?”
I replied, “Sure thing, Bobbie.” Then she exclaimed, “D*#n, I’m freezing!” I said, “Why don’t you turn up the heat?” She said, “I can’t. My gas has been turned off for non-payment.” Within a year, she became a millionairess. If not a millionairess, then close to it, because of her publishing royalties.
Did you date Bobbie?
I actually went out with Bobbie a few times. I thought she was very pretty. My wife and I had separated at the time, and we were thinking of having a divorce. Luckily for me, that never went through because my wife is wonderful.
I remember taking Bobbie out to lunch. When a friend of mine in the music business remarked, “Why can’t you see me today?” I replied, “I’m going to lunch with Bobbie Gentry.” He blurted out, “Oh, the girl with the big nose!” I had never thought of her that way. I only thought of her as the girl with the great legs [laughs]. In addition, she had a great songwriting ability.
After we went out to lunch, I wanted to see Bobbie again. I called her two or three or four times. I finally left her a message on her answering machine. She finally returned my call. When I heard her voice, I blurted out, “I’ve been trying to call you. I was hoping you would call me back before now.”
She said, “Listen you, I don’t work for the phone company” [laughs]. Bobbie was definitely a firecracker, very strong-willed.
After The Delta Sweete was released in April 1968, you parted ways with Bobbie for two years. How were you reunited with her?
Producer Rick Hall of FAME Studios wanted to record with Bobbie, and he liked my work on “Ode”. He asked me to write the arrangements for the Fancy album, so I traveled over to Muscle Shoals and had a wonderful time. They brought the violinists in from Memphis, and they were pretty good.
I was very pleased to do that. “Fancy” consisted of a lot of words moving at a fast pace, and it was a very impressive, clever song.
About eight years later, Bobbie had signed with Warner Bros. after the success of the Ode to Billy Joe film [1976]. She returned to Muscle Shoals and worked with Rick on a single – “Steal Away” b/w “He Did Me Wrong But He Did It Right” [Author’s Note: This became Gentry’s final studio session. She recorded a number of songs with Hall that sadly remain unreleased].
Bobbie was wearing a cute little white fur jacket. I said, “Gee, Bobby, you’re looking pretty good in that. I guess you’re doing well since you married Jim Stafford.” She snapped at me, “I paid for it myself!” [laughs].
Why do you think Capitol Records dropped Bobbie?
I don’t know if Bobbie would want this to be known, but I heard the main reason she was off Capitol is because she became difficult to deal with. By this time, Kelly Gordon was ill and not working with her. The A&R folks felt she was not worth worrying about. Another reason had to do with her final album, Patchwork [1971], not selling very well.
I did two concerts with her – one was with a band in Carbondale, Illinois, at a racetrack. And then there was the Memphis Symphony. She asked me to write a couple of arrangements for her Memphis show.
I was rehearsing the band, and Bobbie was in her dressing room. The manager of the facility came over to me and said, “Mr. Haskell, will you please take a five-minute break and go talk to Ms. Gentry and tell her that we’re doing everything we can to please her. We don’t want to get her upset.”
Evidently, she was giving him a hard time. Bobbie was in her dressing room, and her window wouldn’t open. They had to find somebody to open the window. Little things like that. And there was some item that management had forgot to put in her dressing room.
I was surprised to learn that she could be so hard-nosed about such petty things. But she was [laughs]. I said, “Bobbie, they told me that they want to take good care of you. They want to please you and make sure you’re satisfied with everything.” She replied, “Well, I hope they’re fast, because I’m getting very upset about this!”
After the concert had ended with the Memphis Symphony, we were backstage when Bobbie introduced me to her grandmother. She said, “Grandma, this is my music arranger, Jimmie Haskell.” Her grandmother remarked, “Oh, what a talented person you are. I like your work.” Bobbie quickly added, “You oughta, I’m paying him enough!” [laughs].
Did Bobbie eventually become an arranger?
I think so. She felt quite confident that she knew everything about what she should do. She was a good enough musician that she could have done it. She told a friend of mine one time, “If I were to hire Jimmie Haskell again, and we co-arranged a song, my fans wouldn’t believe that I wrote the arrangement. They would see Jimmie’s name and say he arranged the entire song.”
When did you last speak with Bobbie?
Bobbie moved a number of times over the years, and I had no way of contacting her. I would ask her business manager what she was doing. Out of the blue, in the late ‘90s Bobbie called and asked me, “Jimmie, I’d like you to do a take down on a tune.” I said, “Bobbie, I’m working on an album and a movie simultaneously. I can’t do it now.”
I recommended a copyist who could listen to her record and give her a lead sheet. That’s all she was looking for. But she wanted me to do the lead sheet. She never contacted the person I recommended, and she hasn’t spoken to me since. There again, because she wanted to do it herself. Something within her does not allow her to think that anybody else is helping her.
Let’s put it this way – you are a well-rounded person. You think nice, and you are a gentleman. I don’t think that applies to her [laughs]. She’s a very willful girl. Bobbie won’t let anybody say no to her. Well, you can say it to her, but she won’t speak to you again [laughs]. Really weird.
By now she probably thinks I’m too old. Maybe when one of these three recent artists that I worked with [Jessie Baylin's Little Spark, Joshua Radin's Underwater, and RDGLDGRN (aka Red, Gold & Green, featuring the production talents of Pharrell Williams and the drumming of Dave Grohl)] makes it to the top, she might call me again.
What are some of your favorite Bobbie Gentry recordings?
I like most of what we did on the first album, "Ode To Billie Joe." "Bugs" was an album cut on there that I had a lot of fun doing – arranging those pizzicato strings. Of course, she wrote some great songs, in particular “Ode to Billie Joe.” That will always be her main legacy.
Who knows? Maybe Bobbie Gentry will learn about this discussion in "Forgotten Hits" and agree to clear the air. I hope so. I'd love to talk to her. As I also noted, the mere mention of her name always brought a smile to the lips of Bill Drake, who'd then tell me what a warm and wonderful woman she seemed to be to him.
Gary Theroux
"The History of Rock 'n' Roll"
Check this out ...
Here's a vintage clip of Bobbie Gentry talking about "Ode To Billie Joe" ... and how Capitol Records "needed a B-Side" ... lending more credence to all of the above. Check it out! (kk)
I'm afraid I'm going to have to side with the folks who were there at the time on this one. (I don't think Tom Diehl was even BORN yet in 1967!!! Lol!)
The fact that SO many of these on-the-scene observers remember a seven minute version (Bobbie Gentry, in her own words, says that "Ode To Billie Joe" started out as "a short story") and virtually EVERYTHING (including Billboard Magazine) says "Mississippi Delta" was the A-Side makes me think that we are presenting "the most accurate truth" ... which is ALWAYS the goal of Forgotten Hits. (I'd also like to register an educated guess that, based on everything I've read here over the past week, those seven minutes never divulged a single clue as to what was thrown off the Tallahatchie Bridge ... because at NO time did Bobbie Gentry consider that to be a significant part of the story.) Notice that I said "an educated guess" ... because that's all this is ... but if Bobbie Gentry would simply give me a call, we could scoop the nation with a worldwide exclusive that would nail this sucker down once and for all!!! (kk)