British soldiers in steel helmets after they recaptured the Old City of Jerusalem at the Damascus Gate, November 1938. (AP Photo/James Mills)
Ref #: PA.8988943
Date: 01/11/1938
Wikipedia:
On 29 November 1947, the United Nations General Assembly recommended the adoption and implementation of the Partition Plan for Mandatory Palestine. The end of the British Mandate for Palestine was set for midnight on 14 May 1948. That day, David Ben-Gurion, the Executive Head of the Zionist Organization and president of the Jewish Agency for Palestine, declared “the establishment of a Jewish state in Eretz Israel, to be known as the State of Israel,” which would start to function from the termination of the mandate.[11][12][13] The borders of the new state were not specified. Neighboring Arab armies invaded the former Palestinian mandate on the next day and fought the Israeli forces.
Typical group of women of the holy land who, as in the time of the old testament, carry water from the wells on their heads in quaint, home-made vessels of clay. They dress, too, much in the same way as the women did in the time of Christ. This group on the Mount of Olives, in Jerusalem, on Sept. 1, 1938. (AP Photo)
Ref #: PA.11202016
Date: 01/09/1938
An Arab stands beside a section of “Tegart’s Iron wall” in Israel in 1938, erected by Sir Charles Tegart to keep marauding Arabs out of Palestine. The fence, three strains of barbed wire on angular iron supports. Stretches for 60 miles on the Syria-Lebanon borders and cost $ 500,000. (AP Photo/James Mills )
Ref #: PA.8988877
Date: 03/10/1938
Great civil disturbances, eventually quelled by police and troops, ended a Jewish demonstration against the British proposals for the future of Palestine. One policeman was killed. Jews rushing for cover from before the baton charge of the police during the quelling of the disturbances in Jerusalem, Israel, on May 18, 1939. Note the spectators from the balcony on the left. (AP Photo)
Ref #: PA.10878635
Date: 18/05/1939
One of the largest Jewish cemeteries in the world, situated on the slopes of the Mount of Olives, part of the hills of Bethlehem in Jerusalem on Jan. 19, 1939. It adjoins the famous Garden of Gethsemane where Christ was said to have been betrayed by Judas with a kiss. Hundreds of thousands of Jews, many of them victims of the present Arab revolt in the holy land, are buried in this hallowed spot. (AP Photo)
Ref #: PA.11142790
Date: 19/01/1939
The Mount of Olives, Jerusalem, on Jan. 19, 1939, where Christ often prayed and meditated. The Garden of Gethsemane, where Christ was betrayed by Judas. This whole section of the holy city breathes of the Bible and of the life and times of Jesus. (AP Photo)
Ref #: PA.11142789
Date: 19/01/1939
Palestine has been the scene of much death and destruction during the past two years, consequent on the conflict between Arab and Jew, and Jerusalem the holy city has not escaped from scenes of violence. The famous Damascus gate of Jerusalem, scene of many incidents that have affected the history of Jerusalem and Palestine on Jan 18, 1939. This leads from the new city to the old quarter and is regarded by both factions as of strategic importance. (AP Photo)
Ref #: PA.11140507
Date: 18/01/1939
“Save our children and our parents!” say these Jewish placards carried by men in the streets of Jerusalem, Israel on Jan. 16, 1939. “Open the gates of Palestine to the times of Nazi prevention hatred at the Christmas period we are crying from the holy city of Jew Salem to all Christian nations to help us against “Germany”. (AP Photo)
Ref #: PA.8988884
Date: 16/01/1939
Suspected Arab rebels are rounded up by the British army near Jerusalem, Jan. 9, 1939. (AP Photo/James A. Mills)
Ref #: PA.9033439
Date: 09/01/1939
Fakhri Nashashibi, member of the Arab National Defence Committee is challenging the leadership of the ex-mufti of Jerusalem, Haj Amin Effendi Al Husseini, in exile in Syria. Nashashibi, who comes from one of the most distinguished Arab families in Palestine, says the ex-mufti is no prophet but a self-seeking politician, who is running Palestine by his campaign of terror. Fakhri Nashashibi stands between two of his chief supporters, tribal heads from the Hebron District, in Jerusalem, on Nov. 24, 1938. (AP Photo)
Ref #: PA.11457770
Date: 24/11/1938
Some of the finest buildings in Jerusalem are contained within the Hebrew Nation University, which was formally opened by the late Ford Balfour in April 1925. Much of the success of this great national educational institution is due to the work of Dr. Chaim Weizmann, President of the Zionist Movement, and the present faculty who are among the leading educationists of the world. The university is built near one of the most historic sites in the world, for it is situated on Mount Scofus, near the Mount of Olives. University students watching a bren gun carrier and laden donkeys passing one of the University buildings, on Nov. 15, 1945. (AP Photo)
Ref #: PA.9904580
Date: 15/11/1945
A scene on the Jericho road looking towards the multiple-domed Church of All Nations. Rising above it can be seen the Russian church of St. Mary Magdalen with its gilt cupolas, in Jerusalem, Israel, on Nov. 27, 1945. (AP Photo)
Ref #: PA.10084994
Date: 27/11/1945
Elie Wiesel:
For the Jewish child in me, Israel represents an irresistible call to hope, and Jerusalem a powerful love song. In my small Romanian town, nestled in the Carpathians, I often walked the streets imagining myself sitting on a bench somewhere in Judea, listening to a master explain the mystery of words, the strength of memories and the human thirst for miracles. With my grandfather, a fervent Chassid, I spoke Yiddish. He loved teaching me Chassidic tunes and, most of all, watching me pore over a Talmudic tractate. His dream was to live long enough for all of us to go together to the Holy Land and there welcome the Messiah. Indeed, I dreamed about the Messiah more than about a political Jewish state. Then what happened happened.
Where was I on May 14, 1944? Still in the ghetto. I was 15. The first transport toward the unknown, organised in haste, was getting ready to leave or had just left. For us, destiny wore the mask of death of which the enemy had made its own saviour.
May 14, 1948. Paris. Israel is about to be born. Stateless, I had already lived three years in France. Liberated from Buchenwald by the American Army in 1945, I was asked by an officer where I wanted to be repatriated.
Like most of my friends, I answered that I wanted to go to Palestine, but the British mandate on immigration at the time had in effect closed those doors to us. In the end, OSE (Oeuvre de Secours aux Enfants), an outstanding French Jewish humanitarian organisation, brought about 400 of us to France. I remember.
It is a Friday. David Ben-Gurion reads the new Jewish state’s Declaration of Independence; radio stations all over the world broadcast it. In the evening, I go to synagogue. Jubilation. Strangers share their feelings. What? A Jewish state? Three years after the worst catastrophe in Jewish history? It is difficult for me to concentrate.
…
At that time, I was not yet keenly conscious of the fact that, in the lives of men as well as nations, the dream of one can — in an instant — turn into a nightmare for the other. The big question: What would have happened if the Palestinian leaders of that period had followed Israel’s example by declaring the establishment of an independent Palestinian state? Why did the Palestinian rulers, to quote the late Abba Eban, “never miss an opportunity to miss an opportunity”?
When Lieutenant General Sir Alan Cunningham took office as new High Commissioner of Palestine, he immediately appealed for cooperation from Rival Jewish and Arab peoples. Leading Arab and Jewish delegations will meet him on November 23 in Jerusalem in order to discover some settlement of the forces of disruption which threaten the Holy land from within. A new and portrait of Dr. Isaac Halevy Perzog, the chief Rabbi of Palestine, shown Nov. 23, 1945. (AP Photo)
Ref #: PA.9919669
Date: 23/11/1945
When Lt. Gen. Sir Alan Cunningham took office as he high Commissioner of Palestine on November 21, he immediately appealed for cooperation from rival Jewish and Arab peoples. Reading Arab and Jewish delegations will meet him on November 23 in Jerusalem in order to discover some settlement of the forces of disruption which threaten the holy land from within. One of the important personalities in Jerusalem Major General J.C. DÂ’Arcy, C.B.E., M.C., Commander of the British Forces in Palestine and Transjordan, shown Nov. 23, 1945. (AP Photo)
Ref #: PA.9919804
Date: 23/11/1945
This photograph shows the view looking north toward the center of Jerusalem, Palestine, on Nov. 22, 1945. The Avenue is called Julians Way. (AP Photo)
Ref #: PA.3946707
Date: 22/11/1945
Jerusalem, Golden city of the old world, has now become an attractive city full of contrasting ancient and modern forms of architecture. The King David Hotel, JerusalemÂ’s best, where the high military officers have their quarters. In the background can be seen the wall of the Holy City with the Mount of Olives in the distance, on Nov. 16, 1945. (AP Photo/Frank Noel)
Ref #: PA.9912669
Date: 16/11/1945
Young Arab recruits and volunteers from the British army are now undergoing intensive training at the Palestine Police Force barracks in Jerusalem. An important part of the training for the young Arabs is with small arms and for the British, Volunteers, specialized instruction in the types of weapons used by the Terrorists. Young Arab recruits tom the Palestine Police Force undergoing rifle drill, on the roof of their barracks in Jerusalem, on Nov. 15, 1945. They are being taught to present arms for ceremonial purposes. (AP Photo)
Ref #: PA.9904583
Date: 15/11/1945
Soldiers of The Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment) searching Arabs in Jerusalem, British Mandate of Palestine.
The Mandate of Palestine was granted to Britain by the League of Nations in 1920 and lasted until the creation of the State of Israel in 1948.
Ref #: PA.7014005
Date: 01/09/1945
Ill refugees wait on the dock for ambulances to take them to a Government hospital on Dec. 4, 1946 in Haifa, after being removed from the Jewish Refugee ship Knesset Israel. Behind the British soldiers, attending the woman, are tin cans thrown by the refugees in an attempt to keep British soldiers from coming on board the ship to trans-ship them to British vessels for deportation. (AP Photo)
Ref #: PA.7090682
Date: 04/12/1946
A young Jewish boy, wounded and bloody after the fight with British soldiers on board the refugee ship Knesset Israel, passes a line of soldiers to board the troopship Empire Heywood on Dec. 4, 1946 in Haifa, one of three vessels on which passengers from the refugee ship were deported. (AP Photo)
Ref #: PA.7090686
Date: 04/12/1946
Young Arab recruits and volunteers from the British army are now undergoing intensive training at the Palestine Police Barracks in Jerusalem. An important part of the training for the young Arabs is with small arms and for the British, volunteers, specialized instruction in the types of weapons used by the Terrorists. A group of smartly dressed Arab members of the Palestine police, seen in the courtyard of their barracks in Jerusalem, on Nov. 15, 1945, which was formerly the palatial residence of a wealthy Jerusalem Arab. (AP Photo)
Ref #: PA.9904571
Date: 15/11/1945
With the approach of Christmas the thoughts of all Christian people turn to Bethlehem, birthplace of Christ and to Jerusalem, scene of his crucifixion, and do the surrounding coutryside where history was made in the dawn of the Christian era. Many places have changed little with the passing centuries and on all sides the country abounds with beautiful vistas. The multiple-domed Church of All Nations on the Jericho road working towards the walled Holy city in Jerusalem, Israel on Nov. 27, 1945. The road in centre climbs to StephenÂ’s Gate. (AP Photo)
Ref #: PA.10084944
Date: 27/11/1945
Arab women and children draw water from MaryÂ’s well in Nazareth, Israel, on Dec. 7, 1946, the ancient spring which legend relates supplies water for Mary, Joseph and Jesus. (AP Photo/J. Walter Green)
Ref #: PA.10207415
Date: 07/12/1946
Dr. Walter X. Lehmann, left, and Dr. Kurt L. Brunsfeld, right, vaccinate two unidentifed women for smallpox April 14,1947, as others await their turn in New York City Health Department building. Crowds turned out after Health Commissioner Israel Weinstein’s radio plea that the public be vaccinated. His plea came after nine cases, incuding two fatalities, were reported. (AP Photo/Tony Camerano)
Ref #: PA.7523885
Date: 14/04/1947
Members of the Royal Irish Fusiliers go through personal belongings and identification papers as passengers of a bus halted, Feb. 2, 1947 at a road block on the main highway between Jerusalem and Tel Aviv. (AP Photo)
Ref #: PA.18363261
Date: 02/02/1947
During the restoration of the Church of the Tomb of the Blessed Virgin, near the Garden of Gethsemane workmen discovered an entrance to a cistern below the courtyard of the church. Experts believe the cistern was built about the 12th century. The old wall dates back to a period preceding the crusaders. It is built with intersecting vaults, 35 columns in all and supports the court yard of the church as well as the ruins of a 12th century monastery nearby. General view of the church (left), and in the foreground right can be seen a small hole leading to the cistern in Jerusalem on Oct. 28, 1946. (AP Photo)
Ref #: PA.11863212
Date: 28/10/1946
A general view of the King David hotel, Jerusalem, as sappers set off a charge to explode away from the main part of the hotel, while carrying out demolition work, July 29, 1946 – a week after the bomb outrage. (AP-Photo/noel)
Ref #: PA.5175023
Date: 29/07/1946
Shortly after noon on july 22, 1946, one wing of the huge Palestine Government secretariat and the Headquarters of the Palestine Army command in the King David hotel, Jerusalem, was destroyed. Bombs had been planted in the basement. Our Associated Press photo shows the wrecked wing ot the King David hotel where the government chief secretary’s office was located, immediately after the explosion.
Ref #: PA.2508973
Date: 22/07/1946
Many lives were lost an dozens of persons were injured when terrorists blew up part of the King David hotel, Jerusalem, which houses the Palestine Government secretariat and the H.Q. of the Palestine Army command. Our Associated press photo shows soldiers digging through rubble of the King David hotel after the explosion on July 22, 1946, to remove dead and injured.
Ref #: PA.2508892
Date: 22/07/1946
Brother Camillus Liska, Sacristan at the Grotto of St. Jerome in Jerusalem, Israel, on Nov. 28, 1945. (AP Photo)
Ref #: PA.9934127
Date: 28/11/1945
Jerusalem’’s main street inter-section-Zion Square, on Nov. 28, 1945. (AP Photo)
Ref #: PA.9933840
Date: 28/11/1945
The long building in centre is the Post Office building, one of the most modern structures in Jerusalem, Israel, on Nov. 28, 1945. (AP Photo)
Ref #: PA.9933853
Date: 28/11/1945
The Holy Land is preparing for the 1946th anniversary of Christ’s birth in the most warlike atmosphere it has been for many generations. Since the time of Jesus, there has been a succession of Romans, Persians, Arabs, Turks, Crusaders, Tartars, French and British parading past in battle array. Jews and Arabs are wrestling for Palestine with Britain in the role of ‘referee’ and the rest of the world looking on with mixed feelings. In the streets of Nazareth, Bethlehem and Jerusalem can be seen British troops walking the streets as did Roman soldiers centuries ago. Despite all the tensions of present-day Palestine’s problems, the people living in these cities will celebrate the birth of Christ with color and dignity as has been the custom down the centuries. At Christmas, Bethlehem, whose name is sung in carols the world over, will see the priestly robes of high church dignitaries blending with the colorful garb of Bethlehem’s 10,000 Arabs for the city’s biggest day of the year and the most important day in religion for nearly a billion people. The traditional procession of churchmen and worshippers will make the annual pilgrimage to the scene of the Nativity. Beginning at four o’clock in the afternoon on December 24, constant prayers are said in the Grotto of the Nativity, beside the silver star which marks the actual place of Christ’s birth and a few yards away at the marble shrine marking the place of the manger where the infant Jesus was laid, wrapped in swaddling clothes. These pictures were taken at hallowed spots along the road from Nazareth to Bethlehem – the road along which the carpenter Joseph of Nazareth and his wife the Virgin Mary traveled 1946 years ago to be taxed in accordance with the decree of Caesar Augustus. Thousands of people, many of them in the uniform of British forces will pass this way for the age-old commemoration of Christmas. Here an Arab woman of Bethlehem, West Bank, Palestine, whose residents are believed to be interspersed with descendants of the Crusaders, prays beside the shrine
Ref #: PA.10207377
Date: 08/12/1946
Private John Poolton, left, and William Hammond, right, both from Birmingham, England, hold “Bobbie”, as the black buck mascot of the Royal Warwickshire Regiment, marches at the head of the regimental band along King George Avenue in Jerusalem, Israel on Oct. 18, 1947. (AP Photo)
Ref #: PA.10408029
Date: 18/10/1947
Orthodox Jews are seen during a United Nations Special Committee on Palestine hearing in Jerusalem, July 20, 1947. At left is Chief Rabbi of the Orthodox Jews in Palestine, Joseph Zvi Dushinski. Others are unidentified. (AP Photo/Jim Pringle)
Ref #: PA.5737225
Date: 20/07/1947
British soldier, armed with a sten gun, on guard near the cages of orphaned Jewish children, as they prepare to leave a ship to live in Haifa, Palestine, Aug. 21, 1947. Five hundred orphans, the majority of whom lost their parents during World War II, were interned in Cyprus and brought to Palestine as part of the monthly immigation quota. (AP Photo/Pringle)
Ref #: PA.5737162
Date: 21/08/1947
Residents of Tel Aviv, Palestine’s all-Jewish city, swarm around automobiles of members of the United Nations Special Commission on Palestine in front of the city’s town hall, June 25, 1947, as the commission arrives for a tour of inspection. (AP Photo/Jim Pringle)
Ref #: PA.5737153
Date: 25/06/1947
Some of the orphans whose parents died in German concentration camps are among the 500 youngsters who arrived in Haifa, Palestine from Cyprus internment camps, Aug. 21, 1947. The children were allowed to enter Palestine under the legal immigration quota. (AP Photo/Jim Pringle)
Ref #: PA.5737191
Date: 21/08/1947
The Illegal refugee shipÂ’ Af al piÂ’ docked at Haifa, Israel, on Sept. 9, 1947 after it was intercepted in Palezine waters by the British Navy. The ship was a former LCT landing Craft Tank and was at sea with its 445 passengers for two weeks during the boarding operations one Jew was killed by gunfire and a number injured. The disembarkation took place with out incident. The Illegal were sent to Cyprus, a party of eight of the people including three sick women and one injured man were transferred to go Government Hospital Haifa. General View of the Af Al Pi at the pier showing bearding party on deck General view of the refugees coming out of the holds Boarding party about, show in photo are, Jews lined up on pier. (AP Photo/Jim Pringle)
Ref #: PA.7358676
Date: 09/09/1947
Arab girls shop in the market place near Manger Square in Bethlehem, Nov. 28, 1947. (AP Photo/Jim Pringle)
Ref #: PA.5737158
Date: 28/11/1947
Jewish residents wave jubilantly in the streets in Tel Aviv, Israel. Celebrations began after the United Nations voted to partition Palestine into separate Jewish and Arab states.
Ref #: PA.4183478
Date: 29/11/1947
A crowd of arab demonstrators burn goods taken from Jewish homes in Jerusalem, Dec. 6, 1947, during the disturbances which broke out as the arabs staged a three-day strike against the partition plan. Jewish shops and homes in the quarter were attacked and some set on fire. (AP P hoto/Pringle)
Ref #: PA.5737159
Date: 06/12/1947
Two Jewish girls fill out their registration forms for the Jewish Army in Israel on Dec. 16, 1947. Many are now members of the semi-official Haganah. (AP Photo)
Ref #: PA.10392246
Date: 16/12/1947
A Jewish doctor examines young Jews in Tel Aviv registration centre in Israel on Dec. 16, 1947 when all were called up for “essential duties” principally military. (AP Photo/Pringle)
Ref #: PA.10392262
Date: 16/12/1947
Members of the Jewish right-wing underground organization Irgun Zvai Leumi (National Military Organization in the Land of Israel) are armed with rifles, revolvers and automatic weapons as they take position on the rooftop of a Jewish house in case of Arab attack on the Jaffa – Tel Aviv border in the Manshiah Jewish quarter in Tel Aviv, Israel, on December 27, 1947. The Zionist guerrilla force began an armed revolt against British rule in Palestine. (AP Photo/James Pringle)
Ref #: PA.10005962
Date: 27/12/1947
An unidentified Orthodox Jew, wrinkled with age, wearing a long beard, tattered robes and cane, attends a session of the United Nations Special Committee on Palestine in Jerusalem, June 16, 1947, to hear Joseph Zvi Dushinski, Chief Rabbi of Agudath Israel Congregation in Palestine, speak on behalf of his group. (AP Photo/James Pringle)
Ref #: PA.8996280
Date: 16/07/1947
A “Hajj -” an Arab who has been to Mecca and who is looked up by the ordinary Arab in Palestine. Here he is smoking his “hubbly bubbly” a tobacco smoke cooled by water in the jar in Jerusalem, July 17, 1947. (AP Photo/Pringle)
Ref #: PA.8996271
Date: 17/07/1947
Two orthodox Jews listen intently as they attend a United Nations Special Committee on Palestine hearing in Jerusalem, July 16, 1947. Seldom photographed because of their religion the JewsÂ’ appearance is marked by the long curls extending down their cheek in accordance with their religious beliefs. (AP Photo/James Pringle)
Ref #: PA.8996265
Date: 16/07/1947
Two orthodox Jews listen intently as they attend a United Nations Special Committee on Palestine hearing in Jerusalem, July 16, 1947. Seldom photographed because of their religion the JewsÂ’ appearance is marked by the long curls extending down their cheek in accordance with their religious beliefs. (AP Photo/James Pringle)
Ref #: PA.8996265
Date: 16/07/1947
Orthodox Jews listen intently as they attend a United Nations Special Committee on Palestine hearing in Jerusalem, July 16, 1947. Seldom photographed because of their religion the JewsÂ’ appearance is marked by the long curls extending down their cheek in accordance with their religious beliefs. (AP Photo/James Pringle)
Ref #: PA.8996279
Date: 16/07/1947
A Jewish refugee bows low on Feb. 16, 1947, as he receives a charge of DDT disinfectant from soldiers of the British 6th Airborne Division before leaving Jerusalem on the Cyprus-bound ship, Ocean Vigour. (AP Photo/J. Walter Green)
Ref #: PA.12465873
Date: 16/02/1947
Some of the thirteen hundred Palestinian Armenian from Jaffa, Jerusalem and Haifa, in the tent camp in the grounds of the Armenian Church, Haifa, Oct. 29, 1947, where they are waiting for transport to Soviet Armenia. (AP Photo/Pringle)
Ref #: PA.5737212
Date: 29/10/1947
British captors of Old Jerusalem await fresh military orders ourside the Damascus Gate through which they penetrated the lines of the Arab rebels. (AP Photo/James Mills)
Ref #: PA.14567790
Date: 31/10/1938
Since the British occupation of Jerusalem, Palestine, after the old city had been held for four days by Arabs, a measure of calm has descended on the district. Storm centre October 24—When this picture reached London by air after being was Jaffa, where there was sniping. British police captain leading Jewish kiddies to safety away from Arab snipers during the reoccupation of the old city of Jerusalem in Palestine, Israel on Oct. 24, 1938, by the British. (AP Photo/James Mills)
Ref #: PA.8988895
Date: 24/10/1938
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