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{{distinguish|Richmond, London}}
{{Infobox UK place
|country = England
|official_name = Richmond
|latitude = 54.403
|longitude = -1.737
|population = 8,413
|population_ref = ([[United Kingdom Census 2011|2011 census]])
|shire_district = [[Richmondshire]]
|region = Yorkshire and the Humber
|shire_county = [[North Yorkshire]]
|constituency_westminster = [[Richmond (Yorks) (UK Parliament constituency)|Richmond]]
|post_town = RICHMOND
|postcode_district = DL10
|postcode_area = DL
|dial_code = 01748
|os_grid_reference = NZ170009
|static_image_name = Richmond castle viewed from Maison Dieu.jpg
|static_image_caption = Historic Richmond, with its Norman castle
|london_distance_mi = 210
|london_direction = SSE
}}
'''Richmond''' is a [[market town]] and [[Civil parishes in England|civil parish]] in [[North Yorkshire]], England and the administrative centre of the district of [[Richmondshire]]. [[Historic counties of England|Historically]] in the [[North Riding of Yorkshire]], it is situated on the edge of the [[Yorkshire Dales National Park]], and one of the park's tourist centres.<ref>"Richmond." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, 2011. Web. 30 April 2011. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/502797/Richmond</ref> Richmond is the most duplicated UK placename, with 57 occurrences worldwide.
The [[Rough Guide]] describes the town as 'an absolute gem'.<ref name="google1">{{cite book|author1=Robert Andrews |author2=Matthew Teller |title=The Rough Guide to Britain |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AOt1Hb8MOQUC&pg=PA659 |accessdate=14 May 2011 |date=August 2004 |publisher=Rough Guides |isbn=978-1-84353-301-6 |pages=659–}}</ref><ref>
{{Cite episode
| title = Weekend Woman's Hour
| url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00sysgm
| series = Woman's Hour
| serieslink = Woman's Hour
| station = [[BBC Radio 4]]
| airdate = 10 July 2010
}}
</ref><ref>[http://www.richmond.org/guide/history.html Richmond Online – Online Guide to Richmond – A brief History]. Richmond.org. Retrieved on 14 May 2011.</ref> Betty James wrote that "without any doubt Richmond is the most romantic place in the whole of the North East [of England]".<ref>A kingdom by the sea : an exploration of Northumberland, Durham and the North Riding of Yorkshire James, Betty. p150</ref> Richmond was named UK town of the year in 2009.
The [[Georgian Theatre Royal]] in Richmond, built in 1788, is the UK's most complete 18th century theatre.<ref>{{cite news|title=Richmond's Georgian Theatre Royal Heritage Lottery grant|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-york-north-yorkshire-19948824|accessdate=18 October 2012|newspaper=BBC News|date=15 October 2012}}</ref>
==History==
{{See also|Earl of Richmond}}
The town of [[Richemont, Seine-Maritime|Richemont]] in [[Normandy]] (now in the [[Seine-Maritime]] [[département]] of the [[Upper Normandy]] region) was the origin of the placename Richmond.<ref>Curiously the village of [[Auppegard]] (''Appelgart'' a. 1160) in the Seine-Maritime département shares the same etymology as [[Applegarth]] (''Appelgard'' a. 1160), because of Anglo-Danish farmers who settled in Normandy around the 10th century.</ref> Richmond in North Yorkshire was the [[Honour of Richmond|eponymous honour]] of the [[Earl of Richmond|Earls of Richmond]] (or ''comtes de Richemont''), a dignity normally also held by the [[Duke of Brittany]] from 1136 to 1399.
Richmond was founded in 1071<ref name="richmond1">[http://www.richmond.org/guide/index.html Richmond Online Guide to Richmond, Yorkshire]. Richmond.org. Retrieved on 14 May 2011.</ref> by the Breton [[Alan Rufus]], on lands granted to him by [[William I of England|William the Conqueror]]. Richmond Castle, completed in 1086, had a keep and walls encompassing the area now known as the Market Place.
Richmond was part of the lands of the earldom of Richmond, which was intermittently held by the Dukes of Brittany until the 14th century. When [[John V, Duke of Brittany]] died in 1399 [[Henry IV of England|Henry IV]] took possession. In 1453, the earldom was conferred on [[Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond|Edmund Tudor]], and was merged with the crown when Edmund's son Henry became king, as [[Henry VII of England|Henry VII]] in 1485.
During the [[English Civil War]], the [[Covenanter]] Army led by [[David Leslie, Lord Newark]], took over the castle and conflict between local Catholics and Scottish Presbyterians ensued.
The prosperity of the [[medieval]] town and centre of the [[Swaledale]] wool industry greatly increased in the late 17th and 18th centuries with the burgeoning lead mining industry in nearby [[Arkengarthdale]]. It is from this period that the town's [[Georgian architecture]] originates, the most notable examples of which are to be found on Newbiggin and in Frenchgate {{Citation needed|date=June 2009}}. One of Europe's first gas works was built in the town in 1830.<ref name="richmond1"/>
A permanent military presence was established in the town with the completion of [[Richmond Barracks, North Yorkshire|Richmond Barracks]] in 1877.<ref>{{cite web|title=Exhibition to tell story of barracks|date=29 April 2008|url=http://www.northyorkshirenews.com/news/local/exhibition-to-tell-story-of-barracks-1-2648817|publisher=North Yorkshire News|accessdate= 13 November 2014}}</ref>
{{wide image|Richmond falls panorama.JPG|750px|Panorama of Richmond falls, close to the town centre.}}
==Landmarks==
[[File:ipb richmond 012.jpg|thumb|left|Richmond Castle]]
[[Richmond Castle]] in the town centre overlooks the River Swale and is a major tourist attraction. Scolland's Hall is the gatehouse and was staffed by the Lords of [[Bedale]], such as [[Bryan FitzAlan, Lord FitzAlan]], and [[Miles Stapleton]], [[List of Knights and Ladies of the Garter#Knights Founder|Founder KG]]. Other staff residences were [[Constable Burton]] and [[Thornton Steward]]. Also, Richmond had an extended [[Wensleydale]] castlery initially consisting of [[Middleham Castle]], [[Ravensworth]] and [[Snape, North Yorkshire|Snape]] ([[Baron FitzHugh]] & [[House of Neville|Neville]] [[Baron Latymer]]). The [[Conyers]], [[Wyville]], [[Gascoigne baronets|Gascoigne]], [[Stapleton, Richmondshire|Stapleton]] and [[Baron Lovell|Lovell]] families were all notable gentry.
The cobbled market place is one of the largest in England.<ref name="richmond1"/>
The [[Green Howards Regimental Museum]] is in the old Trinity Church in the centre of the town's market place; the town is also home to the [[Richmondshire Museum]].
Swale House on Frenchgate, built around 1750, was home to the headmaster and students of the nearby grammar school, before being used as a hospital for wounded officers in the First World War. For many years, it was the headquarters of Richmondshire District Council, before being closed and sold off in 2013.<ref>{{cite news|title=Councillors say goodbye to historic offices after final meeting|url=http://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/news/local/northyorkshire/10780270.Councillors_say_goodbye_to_historic_offices_after_final_meeting/|work=Northern Echo|date=1 November 2013|accessdate=12 April 2015}}</ref>
The [[Georgian Theatre Royal]], founded in 1788 by the actor Samuel Butler, is off the market place. A decline in the fortunes of theatre led to its closure in 1848 and it was used as a warehouse for many years. In 1963 the theatre was restored and reopened, with a theatre museum added in 1979. More recently, the theatre has become the Georgian Theatre Royal and was extended in 2003 with the addition of a new block providing services and access next to the original auditorium. It is one of Britain's oldest extant theatres.<ref name="google1"/>
To the west of the town, on the road to [[Marske, Richmondshire|Marske]], is the unusually named Richmond Out Moor. Nearby the town is the picturesque [[Easby Abbey]].
[[File:Richmond northyorkshire.jpg|thumb|right|View from Frenchgate]]
==Media and filmography==
Richmond has been used as a filming location for a significant number of TV programmes & films including ''[[The Fast Show]]'', ''[[Century Falls]]'', ''[[Earthfasts (TV series)|Earthfasts]]'', [[A Woman of Substance (mini-series)|''A Woman of Substance'' (1984)]] and ''[[All Creatures Great and Small (TV serial)|All Creatures Great and Small]]'' amongst others.
Local newspapers include the weekly ''Darlington & Stockton Times'' and the daily ''Northern Echo''.
==Education==
The town is home to two [[High school|secondary schools]]: [[Richmond School]]- a large school and sixth form with specialisms in Performing Arts, Science and Maths- and [[St Francis Xavier School]], which is a smaller, voluntary aided, joint Roman Catholic and Church of England School<ref>http://www.sfxschool.org.uk/about.html</ref> for boys and girls aged 11–16. There are also three non-sectarian primary schools: Richmond Methodist, Richmond C of E and St Marys Roman Catholic School.
==Economy==
Tourism is important to the local economy, but the single largest influence is the [[Catterick Garrison]] army base, which is rapidly becoming the largest population centre in Richmondshire.<ref>{{cite news|title=Military presence brings massive benefits to North Yorkshire economy|url=http://www.yorkpress.co.uk/business/news/5021365.Military_presence_brings_massive_benefits_to_North_Yorkshire_economy/|accessdate=30 January 2016|work=York Press|date=22 February 2010}}</ref>
In the town centre there are many independent shops, as well as a small [[The Co-operative Group|Co-op]], [[WH Smith]], [[Boots UK|Boots]], [[Heron Foods]] and [[Edinburgh Woollen Mill]]. There is a large Co-op situated just outside the town centre.
''The Station'' food, film and art centre admits 300,000 tourists a year.<ref name="richmondstation.com">[http://www.richmondstation.com/ Welcome to The Station! Situated in the beautiful Georgian town of Richmond, the ideal base for visitors to the Yorkshire Dales, this converted Victorian rail terminus is now ...<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> It was formerly Richmond railway station. It has a restaurant, cinema, art gallery and heritage centre, as well as a bakery, cheese-maker, micro brewery, ice-cream parlour, fudge house and honey-maker.<ref name="richmondstation.com"/>
==Transport==
[[File:Ally in Richmond, North Yorkshire.jpg|thumb|ALT=Stone street going up a hill|Alley in Richmond]]
The stone terminus of [[Richmond railway station (North Yorkshire)|Richmond Railway Station]], built in a Tudor/Elizabethan style, opened in 1846 and closed in 1968, a year before [[Eryholme-Richmond branch line|the branch line]] itself was taken out of service. After the station closed, the building was used for many years as a garden centre. It has now been renovated by the Richmondshire Building Preservation Trust and opened in late 2007 – retitled, simply, The Station – as a mixed-use space for community and commercial activities.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Catford|first1=Nick|title=Richmond Station|url=http://www.disused-stations.org.uk/r/richmond/index.shtml|website=Disused Stations|accessdate=30 January 2016}}</ref> The newly renovated station is home to two cinema screens, an art gallery and a restaurant and café. There are also artisan food makers on the premises: The Angel's Share, Archer's Jersey Ice Cream, Lacey's Cheese, Richmond Brewing Company and Velvet Heaven.
Richmond has a [http://getdown.org.uk/bus/bus/x26.shtml frequent bus service] to Darlington and Catterick Garrison, and a wide range of [http://getdown.org.uk/bus/search/richmond.shtml local bus services] to nearby towns and villages including Leyburn, Northallerton and Barnard Castle.
==Legends==
At the end of the 18th century, some soldiers found an entrance to a tunnel underneath the castle keep. They could not fit into the tunnel, so they elected to send a regimental drummer boy. The boy was asked to walk along the tunnel and beat his drum so that above ground the soldiers could follow the noise. They did this for 3 miles before the sound stopped unexpectedly. This was never explained until centuries later, when people now believe that the roof of the tunnel collapsed and caved in on top of the drummer boy, whilst drumming along. Today a stone marks the spot the noise stopped. The entrance to the tunnel is still there, but is forbidden for anyone to go in. Today schools celebrate this local legend with children marching through town annually. Legend claims that on some cold winters night, you can still hear the faint sound of the drummer boy beneath the ground, where the stone stands.<ref>{{cite web|author=Green Howards Museum |title=The Legend of the Drummer Boy |url=http://www.greenhowards.org.uk/drummerboy.php |accessdate=19 December 2013}}</ref>
==Notable people==
{{see also|Duke of Richmond{{!}}Dukes of Richmond|Earl of Richmond{{!}}Earls of Richmond|Anglican Bishop of Richmond{{!}}Bishops of Richmond|Archdeacon of Richmond{{!}}Archdeacons of Richmond|Richmond (Yorks) (UK Parliament constituency){{!}}Members of Parliament for Richmond}}
===Born in Richmond===
{{colbegin|2}}
* [[Rob Andrew]], former rugby union international.
* [[Alan Ayre-Smith]], [[rugby union]] international.
* [[George Bell (publisher)|George Bell]], publisher, founder of [[George Bell & Sons]].
* [[Francis Blackburne (archdeacon)|Francis Blackburne]], archdeacon and dissenter.
* [[John Brasse]], writer.
* [[William Brice (ethnographer)|William Brice]], ethnographer.
* [[Samuel and Nathaniel Buck]], engravers and printmakers.
* [[Calum Clark]], rugby union player.
* [[Christopher Cradock]], [[Rear Admiral]].<ref>[http://www.dreadnoughtproject.org/tfs/index.php/Christopher_George_Francis_Maurice_Cradock Christopher George Francis Maurice Cradock – Tone's Fighting Ships]. Dreadnoughtproject.org. Retrieved on 14 May 2011.</ref>
* [[George Cuitt the Younger]], painter.
* [[George Errington (bishop)|George Errington]], Roman Catholic archbishop.
* [[Fenwick (department store)|John James Fenwick]], founder of Fenwick's department stores.
* [[Henry Greathead]], inventor of the lifeboat.
* [[Brenda Hale, Baroness Hale of Richmond]], a [[Justice of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom]]
* [[Anthony Hammond (legal writer)|Anthony Hammond]], legal writer.
* [[Thomas Harrison (architect)|Thomas Harrison]], architect.
* [[Ralph Hedley]], painter.
* [[Joanne Jackson (swimmer)|Joanne Jackson]], Olympic swimmer.
* [[Herbert Sedgwick]], first class cricketer.
* [[Theo Hutchcraft]], one half of synth-pop duo, [[Hurts]].
* [[Francis Johnson (Brownist)|Francis Johnson]], dissenter.
* [[John Lawrence, 1st Baron Lawrence]], [[viceroy of India]].
* [[Robert Lawrence Ottley]], theologian.
* [[Zoe Lee]], European champion rower and Olympic silver medalist.
* [[Conyers Middleton]], clergyman.
* [[John Peverell]], footballer.
* [[Tanya Robinson]], model.
* [[Tim Rodber]], rugby union international.
* [[Edward Roper]], first class cricketer.
* [[James Tate (headmaster)|James Tate]], headmaster.
* [[Thomas Taylor (priest, 1576–1633)|Thomas Taylor]], clergyman.
{{colend}}
===Residents===
{{colbegin|2}}
* [[Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell|Lord Baden-Powell]], Founder of the scouting movement.<ref>[http://www.richmond.org/guide/history.html Richmond Online - Online Guide to Richmond - A brief History<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
* [[Robert Barclay Allardice]], pedestrian, educated at Richmond School.<ref>Leslie Stephen, ‘Allardice, Robert Barclay [Captain Barclay] (1779–1854)’, rev. Dennis Brailsford, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/361, accessed 7 May 2011]</ref>
* [[John Bathurst]], physician to [[Oliver Cromwell]].
* [[Marcus Beresford (bishop)|Marcus Beresford]], [[Primacy of Ireland|Primate of All Ireland]].
* [[Lewis Carroll]], author, attended Richmond School, lived in nearby [[Croft-on-Tees]].
* [[Henry Butler Clarke]], historian of [[Spain]].<ref>DNB · W. H. Hutton, ‘Memoir’, in H. B. Clarke, Modern Spain, 1815–1898 (1906) · J. Fitzmaurice-Kelly, Revue hispanique, 11 (1904), 575–6 · J. Foster, Oxford men and their colleges (1893) · d. cert.</ref>
* [[J. R. Cohu]], headmaster of Richmond School.
* [[Edward Ellerton]], educational philanthropist, educated at Richmond School.<ref>G. B. Smith, ‘Ellerton, Edward (1771–1851)’, rev. M. C. Curthoys, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/8646, accessed 7 May 2011]</ref>
* [[Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey]], [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|British Prime Minister]]. Educated at Richmond School.<ref>{{cite book|author=George Moody |title=The English journal of education, ed. by G. Moody |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bLIEAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA351 |accessdate=14 May 2011 |year=1843 |pages=351–}}</ref>
* [[Angela Harris, Baroness Harris of Richmond]], Deputy Speaker in the [[House of Lords]].
* [[Thomas Hounsfield]], first class cricketer.
* [[Samuel Howitt]], painter.<ref>Ruth Cohen, ‘Howitt, Samuel (1756/7–1823)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, January 2008 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/13997, accessed 30 April 2011]</ref>
* [[Peter Inge, Baron Inge]], former head of the British army.
* [[Philip Mayne]], last surviving British officer of the First World War.
* [[William Young Ottley]], writer on art and collector. Educated at Richmond School.<ref>Nicholas Turner, ‘Ottley, William Young (1771–1836)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/20941, accessed 7 May 2011]</ref>
* [[George Peacock]], mathematician, attended a school in Richmond, one of "[[James Tate (headmaster)#Tate's invincibles|Tate's invincibles]]".<ref>Harvey W. Becher, ‘Peacock, George (1791–1858)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2009 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/21673, accessed 2 May 2011]</ref>
* [[Donald Peers]], singer.<ref>Trevor Herbert, ‘Peers, Donald Rhys Hubert (1909–1973)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, May 2011; online edn, September 2011 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/95615, accessed 7 January 2012]</ref>
* [[James Raine]], antiquarian, educated at Richmond School, one of "Tate's invincibles".
* [[Thomas Sedgwick]], clergyman.
* [[Richard Sheepshanks]], astronomer. Educated at Richmond School, one of "Tate's invincibles".<ref>A. M. Clerke, ‘Sheepshanks, Richard (1794–1855)’, rev. Michael Hoskin, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/25290, accessed 7 May 2011]</ref>
* [[T. H. Stokoe]], head of Richmond school.
* [[Mackenzie Thorpe]], artist.<ref>[http://www.buy-fineart.com/biography.asp?a=1439 Mackenzie Thorpe's artist biography & all prints., Buy-FineArt.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
* [[Stanley Vann]], composer.
* [[John Warburton (officer of arms)|John Warburton]], herald and antiquary.
{{colend}}
==Nearby settlements==
{{colbegin|5}}
* [[Bedale]]
* [[Brompton-on-Swale]]
* [[Catterick, North Yorkshire|Catterick]]
* [[Catterick Garrison]]
* [[Colburn, North Yorkshire|Colburn]]
* [[Constable Burton]]
* [[Darlington]]
* [[East Witton]]
* [[Finghall]]
* [[Gilling West]]
* [[Kirby Hill, Richmondshire|Kirby Hill]]
* [[Leyburn]]
* [[Marske, Richmondshire|Marske]]
* [[Middleham]]
* [[Ravensworth]]
* [[Reeth]]
* [[Scotton, Richmondshire|Scotton]]
* [[Thornton Steward]]
* [[Whashton]]
{{colend}}
==Twinned locations==
* {{flagicon|France}} [[Saint-Aubin-du-Cormier]]
* {{flagicon|Norway}} [[Vinstra]]
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
==External links==
{{Commons category|Richmond, North Yorkshire}}
{{Wikivoyage|Richmond (England)|Richmond}}
{{EB1911 Poster|Richmond (Yorkshire)|Richmond, North Yorkshire}}
* [http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/YKS/NRY/Richmond/RichmondHistory.html ''A History of Richmond''] : edited from Langdale's ''Yorkshire Dictionary'' (1822) and Baine's ''Directory of the County of York'' (1823).
* [http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/YKS/Misc/Books/RichmondGuide/RichmondGuideContents.html Robinson's ''Guide to Richmond'' (1833)].
* [http://www.richmond.org/guide/history.html A Brief History of Richmond]
* [http://www.richmondshiremuseum.org.uk/ Richmondshire Museum].
* [http://www.richmondoperatics.com/ Richmond Operatic Society].
* [http://www.richmond.org/ Official Guide to Richmond]
{{North Yorkshire}}
[[Category:Market towns in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Civil parishes in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Swaledale]]
[[Category:1071 establishments in England]]
[[Category:Settlements established in the 11th century]]
[[Category:Richmondshire]]
[[Category:Towns in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Richmond, North Yorkshire| ]]
{{usedwp|Richmond, North Yorkshire}}