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{{Infobox Italian comune
| name = Mantua
| official_name = {{lang|it|Comune di Mantova}}
| native_name =
| image_skyline = Mantova Skyline.jpg
| imagesize =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Panorama of Mantua
| image_shield = Mantova-Stemma.png
| shield_alt =
| image_map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| latd = 45 |latm = 10 |lats = |latNS = N
| longd = 10 |longm = 48 |longs = |longEW = E
| coordinates_type =
| coordinates_display = title
| coordinates_footnotes =
| region = [[Lombardy]]
| province = [[Province of Mantua|Mantua]] (MN)
| frazioni = Castelletto Borgo, Cittadella, Curtatone, Formigosa, Frassino, Gambarara, Lunetta, Virgiliana
| mayor_party = [[Democratic Party (Italy)|PD]]
| mayor = Mattia Palazzi
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 63.97
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 48353
| population_as_of = 31 June 2009
| pop_density_footnotes =
| population_demonym = Mantovani
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 19
| twin1 =
| twin1_country =
| saint = [[Anselm of Lucca|Anselm of Lucca, the Younger]]
| day = March 18
| postal_code = 46100
| area_code = 0376
| website = {{URL|http://www.comune.mantova.it/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Mantua''' ({{lang-it|Mantova}} {{IPA-it|ˈmantova||It-Mantova.ogg}}; [[Emilian languages|Emilian]] and [[Latin]]: ''Mantua'') is a city and [[commune]] in [[Lombardy]], Italy, and capital of the [[Province of Mantua|province of the same name]].
In 2016, Mantua will be Italian Capital of Culture, as chosen by the Italian Government on Tuesday 27th October, 2015. (The official opening ceremony has been held on April the 9th 2016). In 2017, Mantua will also be European Capital of Gastronomy, included in the Eastern Lombardy District (together with the cities of Bergamo, Brescia and Cremona).
In 2007, Mantua's ''centro storico'' (old town) and [[Sabbioneta]] were declared by [[UNESCO]] to be a [[World Heritage Site]]. Mantua's historic power and influence under the [[Gonzaga family]] has made it one of the main artistic, [[culture|cultural]], and especially musical hubs of Northern Italy and the country as a whole. Mantua is noted for its significant role in the history of [[opera]]; the city is also known for its architectural treasures and artifacts, elegant palaces, and the medieval and [[Renaissance]] cityscape. It is the place where the composer [[Claudio Monteverdi|Monteverdi]] premiered his opera ''L'Orfeo'' and where [[Romeo]] was banished in [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]]'s play ''[[Romeo and Juliet]]''. It is the nearest town to the birthplace of the Roman poet [[Virgil]], who was commemorated by a statue at the lakeside park "Piazza Virgilio".
Mantua is surrounded on three sides by artificial [[lake]]s, created during the 12th century, as the city's defence system. These lakes receive water from the [[Mincio]] River, a tributary of the [[Po (river)|Po]] River which descends from [[Lake Garda]]. The three lakes are called ''Lago Superiore'', ''Lago di Mezzo'', and ''Lago Inferiore'' ("Upper", "Middle", and "Lower" Lakes, respectively). A fourth lake, Lake Pajolo, which once served as a defensive water ring around the city, dried up at the end of the 18th century.
The area and its environs are important not only in naturalistic terms, but also [[anthropology|anthropologically]] and historically; research has highlighted a number of human settlements scattered between Barche di [[Solferino]] and Bande di [[Cavriana]], Castellaro and Isolone del Mincio. These dated, without interruption, from [[Neolithic]] times (5th–4th millennium BC) to the [[Bronze Age]] (2nd–1st millennium BC) and the [[Gauls|Gallic]] phases (2nd–1st centuries BC), and ended with Roman residential settlements, which could be traced to the 3rd century AD.
==History==
{{See also|Duchy of Mantua}}
Mantua was an island settlement which was first established about the year 2000 BC on the banks of River [[Mincio]], which flows from [[Lake Garda]] to the [[Adriatic Sea]]. In the 6th century BC, Mantua was an [[Etruscan civilization|Etruscan]] village which, in the Etruscan tradition, was re-founded by [[Ocnus]].<ref>Fagles, Robert, ed.: ''The Aeneid'' (2006), 10.242, Penguin Group, ISBN 0-670-03803-2</ref><ref>Lucchini, Daniele: ''Rise and fall of a capital. The history of Mantua in the words of who wrote about it'' (2013), ISBN 978-1-291-78388-9</ref>
The name may derive from the Etruscan god [[Mantus]]. After being conquered by the [[Cenomani (Cisalpine Gaul)|Cenomani]], a [[Gaul|Gallic]] tribe, Mantua was subsequently fought between the first and second [[Punic wars]] against the [[Rome|Romans]], who attributed its name to [[Manto (mythology)|Manto]], a daughter of [[Tiresias]]. This new Roman territory was populated by veteran soldiers of [[Augustus]]. Mantua's most famous ancient citizen is the poet [[Virgil]], or Publius Vergilius Maro, (''Mantua me genuit''), who was born in the year 70 BC at a village near the city which is now known as Virgilio.<ref>Conte, Gian Biagio. Trans. Joseph B. Solodow ''Latin Literature: A History'' Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994.</ref>
===Fall of the Roman Empire===
After the fall of the western [[Roman Empire]] in 476 AD, Mantua was invaded in turn by Goths, [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantines]], [[Longobards]], and [[Franks]]. In the 11th century, Mantua became a possession of [[Boniface of Canossa]], [[Marquess|marquis]] of [[March of Tuscany|Tuscany]]. The last ruler of that family was the countess [[Matilda of Tuscany|Matilda of Canossa]] (d. 1115), who, according to legend, ordered the construction of the precious [[Rotonda di San Lorenzo]] (or St. Lawrence's Roundchurch) in 1082. The Rotonda still exists today and was renovated in 2013.
'''Free Imperial City of Mantua'''
After the death of Matilda of Canossa, Mantua became a [[Free Imperial City|free]] [[medieval commune|commune]] and strenuously defended itself from the [[Holy Roman Empire]] during the 12th and 13th centuries. In 1198, Alberto Pitentino altered the course of River Mincio, creating what the Mantuans call "the four lakes" to reinforce the city's natural protection. Three of these lakes still remains today and the fourth one, which ran through the centre of town, was reclaimed in the 18th century.
'''Podesteria Rule'''
From 1215, the city was ruled under the ''[[podestà|podesteria]]'' of the Gallic-Guelph [[Rambertino Buvalelli]].
[[File:Domenico morone, la cacciata dei bonacolsi da mantova, 1494.jpg|thumb|left|''Expulsion of the Bonacolsi in 1328, scene of Piazza Sordello'', canvas of [[Domenico Morone]]]]
During the struggle between the Guelphs and the [[Ghibellines]], Pinamonte Bonacolsi took advantage of the chaotic situation to seize power of the podesteria in 1273. He was declared the ''Captain General of the People''. The Bonacolsi family ruled Mantua for the next two generations and made it more prosperous and artistically beautiful. On August 16, 1328, Luigi Gonzaga, an official in Bonacolsi's podesteria, and his family staged a public revolt in Mantua and forced a [[coup d'état]] on the last Bonacolsi ruler, Rinaldo.
===House of Gonzaga===
Ludovico Gonzaga, who had been Podestà of Mantua since 1318, was duly elected '''Captain General of the People'''. The Gonzagas built new walls with five gates and renovated the city in the 14th century; however, the political situation did not settle until the third ruler of Gonzaga, [[Ludovico III Gonzaga]], who eliminated his relatives and centralised power to himself. During the Italian Renaissance, the Gonzaga family softened their despotic rule and further raised the level of culture and refinement in Mantua.<ref>Henry S. Lucas, ''The Renaissance and the Reformation'' (Harper & Bros. Publishers: New York, 1960) pp. 42-43.</ref> Mantua became a significant center of Renaissance art and humanism. Marquis Gianfrancesco Gonzaga had brought Vittorino da Feltre to Mantua in 1423 to open his famous humanist school, the Casa Giocosa.
[[Isabella d'Este]], Marchioness of Mantua, married Francesco II Gonzaga, Marquess of [[March of Mantua|Mantua]] in 1490. When she moved to Mantua from [[Ferrara]] (she was the daughter of [[Ercole I d'Este, Duke of Ferrara|Duke Ercole]] the ruler of [[Duchy of Ferrara|Ferrara]]) she created her famous [[studiolo]] firstly in [[Castello di San Giorgio]] for which she commissioned paintings from [[Andrea Mantegna|Mantegna]], [[Perugino]] and Lorenzo Costa. She later moved her studiolo to the Corte Vecchia and commissioned two paintings from [[Correggio]] to join the five from Castello di San Giorgio. It was unusual for a woman to have a studiolo in 15thC Italy given they were regarded as masculine spaces. Isabella was a vociferous collector and such was her reputation that Niccolò da Corregio called her 'la prima donna del mondo'.
[[File:Andrea Mantegna 058.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ludovico III Gonzaga|Ludovico Gonzaga]] receiving the news of his son [[Francesco Gonzaga (1444–1483)|Francesco]] being elected cardinal, fresco by [[Andrea Mantegna]] in the Stanza degli Sposi of [[Palazzo Ducale di Mantova|Palazzo Ducale]].]]
[[File:Palazzo Te Mantova 4.jpg|thumb|left|[[Palazzo del Te|Palazzo Te]].]]
Through a payment of 120,000 golden [[Italian coin florin|florins]] in 1433, [[Gianfrancesco I Gonzaga|Gianfrancesco I]] was appointed Marquis of Mantua by the [[Emperor Sigismund]], whose niece Barbara of [[Brandenburg]] married his son, Ludovico. In 1459, [[Pope Pius II]] held the [[Council of Mantua (1459)|Council of Mantua]] to proclaim a crusade against the [[Ottoman Empire|Turks]]. Under [[Ludovico and his heirs]], the famous [[Renaissance]] painter [[Andrea Mantegna]] worked in Mantua as court painter, producing some of his most outstanding works.
'''Duchy of Mantua'''
The first Duke of [[Duchy of Mantua|Mantua]] was [[Federico II Gonzaga]], who acquired the title from the Holy Roman Emperor [[Emperor Charles V|Charles V]] in 1530. Federico commissioned [[Giulio Romano]] to build the famous [[Palazzo Te]], on the periphery of the city, and profoundly improved the city. In the late 16th century, [[Claudio Monteverdi]] came to Mantua from his native Cremona. He worked for the court of [[Vincenzo I Gonzaga]], first as a singer and violist, then as music director, marrying the court singer Claudia Cattaneo in 1599.
===From Gonzaga to Habsburg===
In 1627, the direct line of the Gonzaga family came to an end with the vicious and weak [[Vincenzo II Gonzaga|Vincenzo II]], and Mantua slowly declined under the new rulers, the [[Charles Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua and Montferrat|Gonzaga-Nevers]], a cadet French branch of the family. The [[War of the Mantuan Succession]] broke out, and in 1630 an [[Holy Roman Empire|Imperial]] army of 36,000 [[Landsknecht]] mercenaries besieged Mantua, bringing the plague with them. Mantua has never recovered from this disaster. [[Charles IV, Duke of Mantua|Ferdinand Carlo IV]], an inept ruler, whose only interest was in holding parties and theatrical shows, allied with France in the [[War of the Spanish Succession]]. After the French defeat, he took refuge in [[Venice]] and carried with him a thousand pictures. At his death in 1708, the Duke of Mantua was declared deposed and his family of Gonzaga lost Mantua forever in favour of the [[Habsburg]]s of Austria.
Under Austrian rule, Mantua enjoyed a revival and during this period the Royal Academy of Sciences, Letters and Arts, the Scientific Theatre, and numerous palaces were built.
;Napoleonic Wars
In 1786, ten years before [[Napoleon Bonaparte]]'s campaign of Europe, the Austrian Duchy of Mantua briefly united with the [[Duchy of Milan]] until 1791.
On June 4, 1796, Mantua was [[Siege of Mantua (1796–97)|besieged]] by Napoleon's army as a move against Austria, who had joined the [[First Coalition|First Coalition against France]]. Austrian and Russian attempts to break the siege failed, but they were able to spread the French forces thinly enough that the siege was abandoned on 31 July. After diverting the French forces elsewhere, the French resumed the siege on August 24. In early February 1797, the city surrendered and the region came under French administration. Two years later, in 1799, the city was recaptured by the Austrians after the [[Siege of Mantua (1799)]].
Later, the city again passed into Napoleon's control and became a part of the Napoleon's Kingdom of Italy. In 1810 [[Andreas Hofer]] was shot by Porta Giulia, a gate of the town at Borgo di Porto (Cittadella) for leading the insurrection in the [[County of Tyrol]] against Napoleon.
;Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
After the brief period of French rule, Mantua returned to Austria in 1814, becoming one of the [[Quadrilatero]] fortress cities in northern Italy. Under the [[Congress of Vienna (1815)]], Mantua became a province in the Austrian Empire's [[Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia]]. Agitation against Austria, however, culminated in a revolt which lasted from 1851 to 1855, but it was finally suppressed by the Austrian army. One of the most famous episodes of the Italian [[Risorgimento]] took place in the valley of the [[Martyrs of Belfiore|Belfiore]], where a group of rebels was hanged by the Austrians.
===Unification of Italy===
At the [[Battle of Solferino]] (Franco-Austrian War) in 1859, the [[House of Savoy]]'s Piedmont-Sardinia sided with the French Emperor [[Napoleon III]] against the Austrian Empire. Following Austria's defeat, Lombardy was ceded to France, who transferred Lombardy to Piedmont-Sardinia in return for [[Nice]] and [[Savoy]].
Mantua, although a constituent province of Lombardy, still remained under the Austrian Empire along with Venetia. In 1866, Prussia-led [[North German Confederation]] sided with the newly established, Piedmont-led Kingdom of Italy against the Austrian Empire. The quick defeat of Austria led to its withdrawal of the [[Kingdom of Venetia]] (including the capital city, [[Venice]]). Mantua reconnected with the region of Lombardy and was incorporated into the [[Italian Unification|Kingdom of Italy]].
==Main sights==
[[File:Lombardia Mantova1 tango7174.jpg|thumb|center|800px|Piazza Sordello.]]
{{Infobox World Heritage Site
| WHS = Mantua and [[Sabbioneta]]
| Image = [[File:Mantua2 BMK.jpg|Palazzo Ducale|thumb|center|250px]]
| State Party = [[Italy]]
| Type = Cultural
| Criteria = ii, iii
| ID = 1287
| Region = [[List of World Heritage Sites in Europe|Europe]]
| Year = [[List of World Heritage Sites by year of inscription#2008 (32nd session)|2008]]
| Session = 32nd
| Extension =
| Link = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1287
}}
[[File:Chiesa di Santa Paola a mantova.JPG|thumb|250px|Church of Santa Paola.]]
The Gonzagas protected the arts and culture, and were hosts to several important artists such as [[Leone Battista Alberti]], [[Andrea Mantegna]], [[Giulio Romano]], [[Donatello]], [[Peter Paul Rubens]], [[Pisanello]], [[Domenico Fetti]], [[Luca Fancelli]] and Nicolò Sebregondi. Though many of the masterworks have been dispersed, the cultural value of Mantua is nonetheless outstanding, with many of Mantua's patrician and ecclesiastical buildings being uniquely important examples of Italian architecture.
Main landmarks include:
* The ''[[Palazzo Te]]'' (1525–1535), a creation of [[Giulio Romano]] (who lived in Mantua in his final years) in the mature [[Renaissance]] style, with some hints of a post-[[Raffaello Santi|Raphaelian]] [[mannerism]]. It was the summer residential villa of [[Frederick II of Gonzaga]]. It hosts the Museo Civico (with the donations of [[Arnoldo Mondadori]], one of the most important Italian publishers, and Ugo Sissa, a Mantuan architect who worked in [[Iraq]] from where he brought back important [[Mesopotamia]]n artworks)
* The ''[[Palazzo Ducale di Mantova|Palazzo Ducale]]'', famous residence of the Gonzaga family, made up of a number of buildings, courtyards and gardens gathered around the ''[[Captain's Palace|Palazzo del Capitano]]'', the Magna Domus and the [[Castello di San Giorgio|Castle of St. George]] with the [[Camera degli Sposi]], a room frescoed by [[Andrea Mantegna]].
* The ''[[Basilica di Sant'Andrea di Mantova|Basilica of Sant'Andrea]]'' was begun in 1462 according to designs by [[Leon Battista Alberti]] but was finished only in the 18th century when was built the massive dome designed by [[Filippo Juvarra]].
* The ''[[Duomo di Mantova|Duomo]]'' (Cathedral of Saint Peter the Apostle)
* The ''[[Rotonda di San Lorenzo]]''
* The ''[[Teatro Bibiena|Bibiena Theater]]'', also known as the ''Teatro Scientifico'', was made by [[Antonio Bibiena]] in 1767-1769. It was opened officially on 3 December 1769 and on 16 January 1770, thirteen-year-old [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] played a concert.
* The church of ''[[San Sebastiano (Mantua)|San Sebastiano]]''
* The ''[[Palazzo Vescovile di Mantova|Palazzo Vescovile]]'' ("Bishops Palace")
* The ''[[Palazzo degli Uberti]]''
* ''[[Palazzo d'Arco, Mantua|Palazzo d'Arco]]'', a Neoclassical palace erected by the eponoymous noble family from Trento starting from 1746. It is home to a museum and painting gallery with works by [[Bernardino Luini]], [[Alessandro Magnasco]], [[Frans Pourbus the Younger]], [[Anthony Van Dyck]] and a painting cycle by [[Giuseppe Bazzani]].
* The ''Torre della Gabbia'' ("Cage Tower")
* The ''[[Palazzo del Podestà, Mantua]]''
* The ''Palazzo della Ragione'' with the ''Torre dell'Orologio'' ("Clock Tower")
* The ''[[Palazzo Bonacolsi]]''
* The ''[[Palazzo Valenti Gonzaga]]'', an example of Baroque architecture and decoration, with frescoes attributed to Flemish painter [[Frans Geffels]]. The façade of the palace was designed by Nicolò Sebregondi.
* ''Casa del Mercato'', a frescoed Renaissance building designed by [[Luca Fancelli]] in 1462 and later used by Andrea Mantegna.
* House of Mantegna, facing the church of San Sebastiano. It was built by the eponymous artist starting from 1476, and has plan with a circular internal court included within an external square building. It is now used for temporary exhibitions.
* The church of Santa Paola, built in the early 15th century by the will of Marchioness [[House of Malatesta|Paola Malatesta]], wife of [[Francesco I Gonzaga, Marquess of Mantua|Francesco I]]. Architects such as Luca Fancelli and [[Giulio Romano]] collaborated to its construction. It houses the tombs of five members of the Gonzaga family, including those of Paola and of [[Francesco II Gonzaga|Francesco II]].
* The church of ''Santa Maria del Gradaro'', built starting from 1256 on the site where, according to the tradition, [[Saint Longinus]] was buried. In 1772 it became a store, and was reconsecrated only in the 1950s.
==Transport==
;Car
By car, Mantova can be reached on the A4 (Milan-Venice) Highway up to Verona, then the [[Brenner Autobahn|A22]] ([[Brennero Pass|Brennero]]-[[Modena]]) Highway. Alternatively, the city can be reached from Milan on the State Road 415 (Milan-Cremona) to Cremona and from there State Road 10 (Cremona-Mantova), or from Verona on the State Road 62.
;Railway
[[Mantova railway station]], opened in 1873, lies on the train routes of [[Milan]]-[[Codogno]]-[[Cremona]]-Mantua and [[Verona]]-Mantua-[[Modena]]. The station is a terminus of three regional lines, Mantova to [[Cremona]] and [[Milan Centrale railway station|Milan]], Mantova to [[Monselice]], and Mantova to [[Verona Porta Nuova railway station|Verona Porta Nuova]] and [[Modena railway station|Modena]].
;Air
The closest airport is [[Verona-Villafranca]] Airport. The direct shuttle bus service running to and from Mantova railway station was canceled on January 1, 2015. Public connection is now provided by the airport bus running to and from Verona Porta Nuova railway station, and the Verona-Mantova railway line.
;Bus
Local bus services, ''urbano'' (within the city area and suburbs) and ''interurbano'' (within the surrounding towns and villages) are provided by APAM.
==Miscellaneous==
* An annual survey of Legambiente (an ecologist movement of Italy) in 2005 declared Mantua the most 'liveable' city of the country. The study was based on levels of pollution, quality of life, traffic, and public transport, among other criteria.<ref>http://www.corriere.it/english/articoli/2005/11_Novembre/22/mantova.shtml</ref>
* The body of [[Saint Longinus]], twice recovered and lost, was asserted to have been found once more at Mantua in 1304, together with the Holy Sponge stained with Christ's blood.
* In [[William Shakespeare]]'s ''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'', Romeo spends his period of exile—his punishment for killing [[Tybalt]]—in Mantua. In Shakespeare's ''[[Taming of the Shrew]]'', the schoolmaster who pretends to be [[Lucentio]]'s father, Vincentio, is from Mantua.
* The composer [[Claudio Monteverdi]] was employed by [[Vincenzo Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua]], ruler of the [[Duchy of Mantua]], when he wrote the ''[[Vespers of 1610]]''. Vincenzo's son and successor in 1612, [[Francesco IV Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua]], summarily sacked Monteverdi, who went on to a more prestigious position at the Basilica of [[San Marco, Venice]].
* [[Giuseppe Verdi]]'s opera ''[[Rigoletto]]'' (based on [[Victor Hugo]]'s play ''[[Le roi s'amuse]]'') is set in Mantua. Austro-Hungarian authorities in [[Venice]] forced him to move the action from France to Mantua. A medieval building with portico and 15th-century loggia in Mantua is said to be "Rigoletto's house". It was actually the house of the cathedral regulars. It was chosen by the Gonzaga family as the residence of the legendary fool who was then used by Verdi in his opera.
* Since 1997 Mantua has hosted the [[Festivaletteratura]], one of the most renowned literary events in Europe.
* In 2007 the remains of two people, known as the [[Lovers of Valdaro]], were discovered during the construction of a factory. The remains are thought to be between 5000 and 6000 years old. It is speculated that the remains are of two young lovers because the two skeletons appear to be embracing. [http://www.thewest.com.au/default.aspx?MenuID=29&ContentID=20853]
* In May 2012, a deadly earthquake struck Northern Italy, causing damage to some historic buildings in Mantua, including the Palazzo Ducale. After months of repair, the Palazzo reopened its doors in September 2012.
==Twin towns – Sister cities==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
* {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Azuchi, Shiga|Azuchi]], Japan, 2005
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[Madison, Wisconsin|Madison]], United States, 2001
* {{flagicon|GER}} [[Weingarten (Württemberg)|Weingarten]], Germany, 1998
* {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Pushkin (town)|Pushkin]], Russia, 1993
* {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Charleville-Mézières]], France, 1963
{{col-break}}
* {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Nevers]], France, 1963
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Hyderabad, Telangana|Hyderabad]], India
* {{flagicon|ROU}} [[Oradea]], Romania
* {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Vitória, Brazil|Vitória]], [[Brazil]]
{{col-end}}
== Famous citizens ==
* [[Giovanni Battista Bertani]] (1516–1576), architect
* [[Constanzo Beschi]], (8 November 1680 – 1742), a well known Tamil poet. He is known as Vīramāmunivar in Tamil.
[[File:Baldassare Castiglione de Raphael.JPG|thumb|150px|Baldassare Castiglione by [[Raphael]] at [[Louvre-Lens]]]]
[[File:Targaflorio23nuvola.jpg|thumb|150px|Tazio Nuvolari]]
* [[Baldassare Castiglione]] ({{IPA-it|baldasˈsaːre kastiʎˈʎoːne}}; December 6, 1478 – February 2, 1529),<ref name="italica">Dates of birth and death, and cause of the latter, from [http://www.italica.rai.it/rinascimento/parole_chiave/schede/castiglione_baldassarre.htm ‘Baldassarre Castiglione’], ''Italica'', Rai International online.</ref> count of Casatico, was an [[Italy|Italian]] [[courtier]], [[diplomat]], soldier and a prominent [[Renaissance]] [[author]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Readings in the History of Music in Performance |author= MacClintock, Carol|year=1979|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=0-253-14495-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r0dm_fXNl0sC&pg=PA22&dq=%22Baldassare+Castiglione%22&as_brr=3&ei=h0nTRqXuM4v07gKBj-C_Bg&ie=ISO-8859-1&output=html&sig=WB_jILdy-NN0BdvoJW_49kqVY9Y}}</ref>
* [[Gino Fano]], mathematician.
* [[Leone de' Sommi]] (c. 1525 – c. 1590), theater director and writer.
* [[Pietro Giovanni Guarneri]] (1655–1720), violin maker of the [[Guarneri]] family, left Cremona in 1679 and eventually establishing himself in Mantua.
* [[Learco Guerra]] (1902–1963), professional road racing cyclist, in 1931 won the [[world cycling championship]].
* [[Alfredo Guzzoni]] (1877–1965), Italian Army General in [[World War II]]
* [[Alberto Jori]], neo-aristotelian philosopher.
* [[Lovers of Valdaro]]
* [[Claudio Monteverdi]] (c. 1567 – 1643), composer.
* [[Tazio Nuvolari]] (1892–1953), motorcycle and racecar driver.
* [[Ippolito Nievo]] (1831–1861), writer, journalist and patriot.
* [[Pietro Pomponazzi]] (1462–1525), an Italian philosopher. He is sometimes known by his Latin name, ''Petrus Pomponatius''.
* [[Salamone Rossi]] (ca. 1570 – 1630), [[Jewish]] violinist and composer who served as concertmaster of the Mantua court from 1587 until 1628.
* [[Giuseppe Sarto]] (1835–1914), appointed [[Bishop]] in 1884 before he became [[Pope Saint Pius X|Pope Pius X]] in 1903.
* [[Stefano Scarampella]] (1843–1925), violin maker, left [[Brescia]] and moved to Mantua in 1886.
* [[Sordello]] or Sordel, a 13th-century [[Lombardy|Lombard]] [[troubadour]], born in the municipality of [[Goito]] in the province of Mantua.
* [[Franca Sozzani]], editor-in-chief at [[Vogue Italia]] was born here.
* [[Virgil]] (70 BCE–19 BCE), a classical Roman poet.
== Fictional characters==
* [[Romeo Montague]] was banished here.
==See also==
* [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Mantova]]
* [[Tazio Nuvolari]] "The flying Mantuan" World famous racing driver. There is a museum dedicated to his exploits.
* [[St. Aloysius Gonzaga]] Jesuit, native of Mantua – died in 1591 at the age of 23.
==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
==Further reading==
;Published in the 19th century
* {{Citation |publisher = Karl Baedeker |publication-place = Coblenz |url = http://openlibrary.org/books/OL24140254M/Italy |title = Italy |edition=2nd |publication-date = 1870 |chapterurl= https://archive.org/stream/italyhandbookfor04karl#page/n247/mode/2up |chapter= Mantua }}
* {{Citation |publisher = John Murray |publication-place = London |title = Hand-book for Travellers in Northern Italy |url = http://openlibrary.org/books/OL6936521M/Handbook_for_travellers_in_northern_Italy |edition = 16th |publication-date = 1897 |oclc = 2231483 |chapterurl =https://archive.org/stream/hand00bookfortravejohnrich#page/198/mode/2up |chapter= Mantua }}
;Published in the 20th century
* {{Citation |publisher = Macmillan Co. |publication-place = New York |author = Edward Hutton |authorlink=Edward Hutton (writer) |url = http://openlibrary.org/books/OL7191828M/The_cities_of_Lombardy |title = The Cities of Lombardy |publication-date = 1912 |chapterurl = https://archive.org/stream/citiesoflombardy00huttrich#page/206/mode/2up |chapter=Mantua }}
* {{Citation |publisher = Karl Baedeker |publication-place = Leipzig |edition=14th |url = http://openlibrary.org/books/OL16015532M/Northern_Italy |title = Northern Italy |publication-date = 1913 |chapterurl= https://archive.org/stream/northernitalyi00karl#page/314/mode/2up |chapter= Mantua }}
* {{Citation |publisher = Smith, Elder & Co. |publication-place = London |author = Egerton R. Williams Jr. |url = http://openlibrary.org/books/OL23316028M/Lombard_towns_of_Italy |title = Lombard Towns of Italy |publication-date = 1914 |chapterurl =https://archive.org/stream/lombardtownsofit00will#page/400/mode/2up |chapter=Mantova (etc.) }}
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{wikivoyage|Mantua}}
* [http://www.comune.mantova.it/ Official website]
* [http://www.mantovatourism.it/en/ Mantova Tourism]
* [http://www.centropalazzote.it/ Palazzo Te] (in Italian)
* [http://www.mantovaducale.beniculturali.it/ Palazzo Ducale] (in Italian)
* [http://www.a-mantova.com/ A Mantova] To know and to see Mantua
* [http://guideturistichemantova.it/ Mantua tourist guide] Mantua tourist guide
* [http://mantua-mantova.blogspot.com/ Tourist guide in Mantua] A native guide from Mantua
* [http://www.mantovaninelmondo.com/ Mantovani Nel Mondo] Page dedicated to Mantovani worldwide.
* [http://www.valeriolivigni.com/Photography/Mantova-and-Sabbioneta/12280076_JZxD3T#!i=875950717&k=Lzm7fmC Photo gallery made by a UNESCO photographer]
* [http://www.thecampanileproject.org/campanile/index.php/lombardia/mantova/mantova Mantua on The Campanile Project]
{{Province of Mantua}}
{{World Heritage Sites in Italy}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Mantua| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Lombardy]]
[[Category:Etruscan cities]]
[[Category:Roman towns and cities in Italy]]
[[Category:World Heritage Sites in Italy]]
{{usedwp|Mantua}}