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{{redirect|Balkany}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Nyíregyháza
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = Town/[[megyei jogú város]]
| image_skyline = Kossuthsquare.JPG
| image_alt =
|image_caption = Kossuth square in Nyíregyháza
| image_flag =
| flag_alt =
| image_seal =
| seal_alt =
| image_shield = HUN Nyíregyháza Címer.svg
| shield_alt =
| nickname =
| motto =
| image_map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = Hungary
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Nyíregyháza in [[Hungary]]
| pushpin_map1 = Hungary Szabolcs-Szatmar-Bereg
| pushpin_label_position1 =
| pushpin_map_alt1 =
| pushpin_map_caption1 = Location of Nyíregyháza in [[Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County]]
| latd = 47 |latm = 57 |lats = 11 |latNS = N
| longd = 21 |longm = 43 |longs = 38 |longEW = E
| coor_pinpoint =
| coordinates_type =
| coordinates_display = inline,title
| coordinates_footnotes =
| coordinates_region =
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{HUN}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of Hungary|Region]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Northern Great Plain Region]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Counties of Hungary|County]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County|Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Subregions of Hungary|Subregion]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Nyíregyháza]]
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| seat_type =
| seat =
| government_footnotes =
| leader_party = (Fidesz - KDNP
| leader_title = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name = Ferenc Kovács
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 = 274.54
| length_km =
| width_km =
| dimensions_footnotes =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 114
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 118 164
| population_as_of = 1-1-2014
| population_density_km2 = 428.56
| population_demonym =
| population_note =
| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset = +1
| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST = +2
| postal_code_type = [[Postal code]]
| postal_code = 4400
| area_code_type = [[Dialing code]]
| area_code = 42
| iso_code =
| website = [http://www.nyiregyhaza.hu/ http://www.nyiregyhaza.hu/
| footnotes =
}}
[[File:Balkány2.gif|thumb|right|300px|Location of [[Szabolcs-Szatmar-Bereg County]] in [[Hungary]]]]
'''Nyíregyháza''' is a [[town]] in [[Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County]], [[Northern Great Plain Region]] of eastern [[Hungary]].
With a population of 118,000, it is the [[Cities of Hungary#Largest cities in Hungary|seventh-largest city]] in [[Hungary]] and is one of the leading cities of [[Northern Hungary]] and of the northern part of the [[Great Hungarian Plain]] ([[Alföld]]). Its development has been ongoing since the 18th century, making it the economic and cultural center of the region. Its [[Nyíregyháza Zoo|zoo]], exhibiting more than 300 species including real rarities, is recognized throughout [[Europe]].
== Geography ==
Nyíregyháza is located in [[Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County]] in the northern Plain region (Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county, Hajdú-Bihar county, [[Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok County]]). It is the most important city of [[Northern Hungary]], in all respects the center of the region. It is located in the center of [[Nyírség]] as an agricultural town. The boundaries of the city are often understood as a very broad frame, because generally the near suburbs are included in them. It is located at the intersections of routes 4, 41, 36 and 38, therefore the city is easy to reach by road. Sub-Carpathia and Transylvania cannot be reached without passing the city<!--a debatable point-->.
== History ==
The first written mentions of Nyíregyháza date back to 1209, although it was then called simply ''Nyír'' ('[[birch]]'), after the ''Nyírség'', the greater region in which the city lies. A source from 1326 <!-- OR 1236? -->mentions that by then the city already had a [[Church (building)|church]], hence the second part of the name, ''egyház'' (meaning 'church'). In the middle of the 15th century the town had about 400 inhabitants. In the 16th century, during the [[Ottoman Empire|Turkish]] occupation of Hungary, Nyíregyháza became deserted; it was resettled only in the 1630s – 1640s.
After the [[Rákóczi's War for Independence|War for Independence]] led by Prince [[Francis II Rákóczi]], the population of the town increased. Most of the new settlers were [[Slovaks]] from the area of Békéscsaba. In 1786 Nyíregyháza was granted the right to hold four market days a year; by this time the town was the biggest town of the county with 7,500 inhabitants. In the early 19th century Nyíregyháza was wealthy enough to become free from its [[feudalism|feudal]] lords, the Dessewffy and Károlyi families. During these prosperous years the town got a new town hall, a hospital, several schools and a restaurant by the nearby lake ''Sóstó'' ("Salty Lake").
The inhabitants of the town took an active part in the [[Hungary#The 1848 Revolution .281848-1849.29 and aftermath|revolution and war for independence in 1848-49]], and after the suppression of the revolution several citizens were imprisoned, among them the mayor, Márton Hatzel.
In the second half of the 19th century Nyíregyháza became more and more urbanized and in 1876 the town became the county seat of [[Szabolcs County]] (which is now part of the larger integrated county [[Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg]]). In 1858 the railroad line reached Nyíregyháza; several new buildings were built, including a telegraph office, the main post office and the theater. In 1911 the construction of tramways was finished.
[[File:1901 Nyiregyhaza 10f U-Gr.jpg|thumb|left|150px|In the Kingdom of Hungary in 1901]]
After the many trials and tribulations of [[World War I]], Nyíregyháza was under [[Romania]]n occupation for ten months. Between the two world wars the city celebrated the 100th anniversary of becoming free from its feudal landowners.
During [[World War II]] more than 6,000 of the city's [[Jew]]ish inhabitants were [[holocaust|deported]], and another 2,000 citizens were sent to Russian labor camps (colloquially called ''[[malenky robot]]''). Several buildings were destroyed, too, including the Status Quo Synagogue, whose front wall has been preserved; it is now in Nyíregyháza's Jewish Cemetery.<ref>Grand Rabbi Joseph Leifer of Nyíregyháza is buried in the cemetery. He was the son of the world-renowned Rabbi, Rabbi Mordachai of Nadvorna, and he settled in Nyíregyháza after World War I where he attracted a large following. His grave site is visited annually by thousands of Hasidim.</ref>
A monument in the memory of the [[holocaust]] victims was constructed in 2004.<ref>http://www.memorialmuseums.org/eng/staettens/view/956/Ny%C3%ADregyh%C3%A1za-Holocaust-Memorial27247</ref>
On 20 November 2011 the monument commemorating the Holocaust in the city was desecrated by unknown people. The local police started an investigation of the event.<ref>[http://antisemitism.org.il/article/76079/monument-commemorating-holocaust-desecrated]</ref>
From the 1960s the city grew and developed quickly. Today, Nyíregyháza is one of the most prosperous cities of Hungary, being both an educational center and a popular tourist destination.
== Population ==
{{Historical populations
|type =
|footnote =
|1870 | 13015
|1890 | 18996
|1900 | 28073
|1910 | 33444
|1920 | 38751
|1930 | 46522
|1941 | 53917
|1949 | 48382
|1960 | 56834
|1970 | 75245
|1980 | 108235
|1990 | 114152
|2001 | 118795
|2011 | 119746
|2013 | 118185
}}
== Tourist sights ==
[[File:nyíregyhaza cathedral.jpg|thumb|right|Nyiregyháza's Roman Catholic church with the newly built fountain in the foreground]]
[[File:Nyiregyhaza megyehaza.jpg|thumb|County Hall]]
[[File:Nyíregyháza Zoo, Aquarium, underground passage.jpg|thumb|[[Nyíregyháza Zoo]]]]
Nyíregyháza also has several museums and exhibitions, showing the city's rich cultural heritage.
* Collection of the International Medallion Art and Small Sculpture Creative Community of Nyíregyháza-Sóstó – periodic exhibitions of works of contemporary artists
==International relations==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Hungary}}
===Twin towns — Sister cities===
Nyíregyháza is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with :
{| class="wikitable"
|- valign="top"
|
*{{flagicon|SVK}} [[Prešov]], [[Slovakia]]
*{{flagicon|DEU}} [[Iserlohn]], [[Germany]]
*{{flagicon|FIN}} [[Kajaani]], [[Finland]]
*{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Kiryat Motzkin]], [[Israel]]
*{{flagicon|POL}} [[Rzeszów]], [[Poland]]<ref name="Rzeszów">{{cite web |url=http://www.rzeszow.pl/wspolpraca-miedzynarodowa/informacja-o-wspolpracy-rzeszowa-z-miastami-partnerskimi/668,informacja-o-wsp-lpracy-rzeszowa-z-miastami-partnerskimi.html |title=Serwis informacyjny UM Rzeszów - Informacja o współpracy Rzeszowa z miastami partnerskimi |publisher=www.rzeszow.pl |accessdate=2010-02-02 }} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|CZE}} [[Prague 10]], [[Czech Republic]]
||
*{{flagicon|AUT}} [[Sankt Pölten]], [[Austria]]
*{{flagicon|GBR}} [[St Albans]], [[United Kingdom]]
*{{flagicon|ROM}} [[Satu Mare]], [[Romania]]<ref name="Nyíregyháza-Satu Mare">{{cite web|url=http://www.prefecturasatumare.ro/santoma/infratiri%20satu%20mare.htm|title=TABEL privind LOCALITÃŢILE ÎNFRĂŢITE cu localităţile din judeţul Satu Mare|publisher=www.prefecturasatumare.ro|language=Romanian|accessdate=2009-06-27}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|UKR}} [[Uzhhorod]], [[Ukraine]]
*{{flagicon|UKR}} [[Ivano-Frankivsk]], [[Ukraine]]<ref name="Ivano-Frankivsk">{{Cite web|url= http://www.mvk.if.ua/news/4114/|script-title=uk:Офіційний сайт міста Івано-Франківська|work=mvk.if.ua|language=Ukrainian|accessdate=7 March 2010}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Bayonne]], France<ref name="Bayonne twinnings">{{cite web | url =http://www.cncd.fr/frontoffice/bdd-region.asp?action=getRegion&id=2#tabs3 | title = National Commission for Decentralised cooperation | accessdate = 2013-12-26|work = Délégation pour l’Action Extérieure des Collectivités Territoriales (Ministère des Affaires étrangères) | language = French}}</ref>
|}
==Broadcasting==
Near Nyíregyháza, at {{coord|47|56|12.17|N|21|45|28.35|E|type:landmark|name=Nyíregyháza Radio Mast}}, stands the oldest radio mast in Hungary. Built in 1925, it is a 115 metre tall guyed mast radiator, used for broadcasting on 1251 kHz ([[AM broadcasting|AM]]).
== Economy ==
After the change of regime, several foreign-owned companies appeared in the city. In the early 2000s, the largest employers were Hübner Flextronics Ltd. and Hirsch's, but during the period of economic recession, many companies eliminated several thousand employees at Elbocsájtva. Today, the three largest public companies: Szabolcs Volan (manufacturers of [[Lego]]), Hungaria, and [[Michelin]] Tire Manufacturing, provide employment for about 3000 people.
== City districts ==
[[File:Nyiregyhaza main street.jpg|thumb|A part of downtown]]
{{columns-list|3|
* [[Alsóbadurbokor]]
* [[Alsópázsit]]
* [[Antalbokor]]
* [[Bálintbokor]]
* [[Belváros (Nyíregyháza)|Belváros]]
* [[Borbánya]]
* [[Bujtos]]
* [[Butyka]]
* [[Császárszállás]]
* [[Csernyikbokor]]
* [[Érkert]]
* [[Felsőpázsit]]
* [[Felsősima]]
* [[Füzesbokor]]
* [[Gerhátbokor]]
* [[Hímes]]
* [[Huszártelep]]
* [[Ilonatanya]]
* [[Nyíregyháza Ipari Park|Ipari Park]]
* [[Istvánbokor]]
* [[Jánosbokor]]
* [[Jósaváros]]
* [[Kazárbokor]]
* [[Nyíregyháza-Kertváros|Kertváros]]
* [[Kovácsbokor]]
* [[Kőlapos]]
* [[Korányi-kertváros]]
* [[Lóczibokor]]
* [[Malomkert]]
* [[Mandabokor]]
* [[Mátyásbokor]]
* [[Nádasbokor]]
* [[Nagyszállás]]
* [[Nyírjes I.]]
* [[Nyírjes II.]]
* [[Nyírszőlős]]
* [[Ókistelekiszőlő]]
* [[Oros (település)|Oros]]
* [[Örökösföld]]
* [[Polyákbokor]]
* [[Rókabokor]]
* [[Rozsrétbokor]]
* [[Rozsrétszőlő]]
* [[Salamonbokor]]
* [[Sóstógyógyfürdő]]
* [[Sóstóhegy]]
* [[Sulyánbokor]]
* [[Szabadságbokor]]
* [[Szélsőbokor]]
* [[Újkistelekiszőlő]]
* [[Újtelekbokor]]
* [[Vajdabokor]]
* [[Vargabokor]]
* [[Zomboribokor]]
}}
== Religions, Churches ==
* [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] - At the 2011 census, 25,132 people, 20.1% of the population identified themselves as belonging to a particular religion (in 2001 compared to 8365-strong decrease). The city of [[Debrecen, Nyíregyháza diocese]] co-headquarters. Churches in the city: [[Our Lady of Hungary Co-Cathedral]], St. Anthony's Church, Garden City Fatima Virgin Church, Örökösföld housing Divine Mercy Church, Camillians with church St. Ladislaus Church (Borbánya), St. Stephen's Church (Nyírszőlős) Sóstói St. Joseph Church (Sóstóhegy ), Holy Cross Church (IH), Andrew Jehoshaphat Hospital of Saint Lazarus hospital chapel and Sóstói misézőhelye travel. Maintained by the Church of the school [[St. Emeric Catholic High School, Primary School and College]], is a member kindergarten.
* [[Eastern Catholic Churches|Greek Catholic]] - At the 2001 census, 12,742 people, 10.6% of the population identified themselves as belonging to a particular religion (in 2001 compared to 6303-strong decrease). The city is the only Hungarian Greek Catholic bishopric, the [[Hajdúdorogi diocese]] is physically located. The Co-Cathedral of the [[Nyíregyháza St. Nicholas Bishop Greek Catholic Church]], other churches in the city: Jósaváros Greek Catholic Church, Nyíregyháza-Örökösföld Holy Trinity Greek Catholic Church, Nyíregyháza-Borbánya Mother of God church leadership, Fox Mountain St Stephen's Chapel (Sóstóhegy) Nyírszőlős Mother of God birth of the Greek Catholic Church, Nyíregyháza-Oros Protection of the Theotokos Greek Catholic Church, Rozsrétszőlősi Greek Catholic chapel. Here you will find the country's only Greek Catholic institution of higher learning, the [[St. Athanasius Greek Catholic Theological College]]. Other religious educational institutions: [[St. Nicholas Greek Catholic Kindergarten, Primary and Secondary School]], [[Nicholas Soja Greek Catholic Primary School and Nursery]] (Huszar Colony).
* [[Reformed Churches|Reformed]] - At the 2011 census, 19,662 people, 16.4% of the population identified themselves as belonging to a particular religion (in 2001 compared to 5956-strong decrease). The city belongs to the [[East Hungarian Reformed Church District]] you. Churches in the city: [[Nyíregyháza City Reformed Church Temple]], Nyíregyháza-Garden City Reformed Church Church of Nyíregyháza-Sóstói Reformed Church church Orosi Reformed Church Temple. Maintained by the Church institutions: [[Jókai Reformed Primary School]], Magdaléneum - Reformed Disability Nurse, Nursing Home, Mustard Seed Nursery, Kálvineum Nursing Home.
* [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] - At the 2011 census, 8,391 people, 7% of the population identified themselves as belonging to a particular religion (in 2001 compared to 3970-strong decrease). Because of the city's [[Szabolcs Hajdu-diocese]] headquarters, especially in the 18th century Nyíregyháza újranépesítő [[tirpákok]] are important in the tradition of the Church. In 1947, the Hungarian-Slovak population exchange has greatly contributed to the decrease in the number of believers. The denomination of the oldest and largest local church in the [[Protestant Great Church (Nyíregyháza)|Nyíregyháza Lutheran Church Great Church]], other churches: Evangelical small church, Nyíregyháza-Garden City Augsburg Confession Lutheran Church meetinghouses, Nyíregyháza Lutheran Church III. area Borbánya church Rozsrétszőlősi Bethlehem Lutheran church, the church Nyírszőlős Lutheran Church. The [[Nyíregyháza College|College of Nyíregyháza]] Budapest [[Protestant Theological University]] mel pricing religious cooperation is going well. Maintained by the Church's educational institutions: [[Lajos Kossuth Nyíregyháza Lutheran High School]], [[Zoltan Turóczy Protestant English Bilingual Primary School and Nursery]]. The institution of the Emmaus Lutheran Church Charity Home Church also.
* [[Orthodox Christianity|Orthodox]] - At the 2011 census, 127 people declared themselves as belonging to a particular religion, it is a percentage of the amount undetectable. As the great church of St George the Martyr Orthodox chapel serves. The [[Hungarian Orthodox Diocese]] falls under.
== Education ==
=== Tertiary Institutions ===
* [[College of Nyíregyháza]]
* [[University of Debrecen, Faculty of Health]]
* [[St. Athanasius Greek Catholic Theological College]]
* [[Greek Catholic seminary]]
* [[Dennis Gabor College]]
=== Secondary Institutions ===
* [[John Golden High School and Primary School]]
* [[Donat Banki Technical High School]]
* [[Laszlo Bencs School and Primary School]]
* Bethlen High School, Elementary School, Kindergarten and Elementary School of Arts
* [[George Inczédy Vocational and Technical School]]
* [[Lajos Kossuth Nyíregyháza Lutheran High School]]
* [[Francis High School in Nyíregyháza Kolcsey]]
* [[Krúdy High School]]
* [[John Lippai Agricultural Secondary School]]
* Secondary School
* [[National Children and Youth Foundation Training, Advanced Vocational School and College]]
* [[College of Nyíregyháza - József Eötvös Training Secondary School]]
* [[SIPKA Brown Commercial, Catering, Tourism, Vocational and Technical School]]
* [[St. Emeric Catholic High School, Primary School and College]]
* [[István Széchenyi Economics, Information Technology High School and College]]
* Paul Vasvári High School
* [[Paul Vasarhelyi - ÉVISZ]]
* [[Wesselényi Miklós Vocational and Technical School]]
* [[William Westsik Food Industry Vocational and Technical School]]
* [[Zay Anna High School and Vocational School of Health]]
* [[Zrinski Helena High School (Nyíregyháza)|Zrinski Helena High School]]
=== Basic institutions ===
* 13.sz Primary School
* Apáczai Training Primary School
* Benczúr Primary School
* Bem Primary School
* Bethlen High School, Elementary School, Kindergarten and Elementary School of Arts
* Gárdonyi Géza Primary School
* [[Göllesz Viktor Special School, Primary School and Unified Special Education Methodology Institute]]
* Otto Herman Primary School - [[Oros (settlement)|Oros]]
* Matthias Corvinus Primary School
* Jókai Reformed Primary School
* Kazinczy Primary School
* Kodály Primary School
* Garden City Elementary School
* Ferenc Mora Primary School
* Moricz Zsigmond Primary School
* Petofi Sandor Primary School
* L. Szabo Primary School
* Vineyard Elementary School - [[Nyírszőlős]]
* Zoltan Turóczy Protestant English Bilingual Primary School and Nursery
* Vaci Michael Primary School
* Charles Vécsey Primary School
* General Zoltan Zelk English-German Bilingual School
* Vikár Alexander Music School
* [[Education Consultant-nyíregyháza|education consultant]]
* József Eötvös Training Elementary and High School
==Notes==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
==Notable residents==
* [[Ibolya Oláh]] - singer
== Further reading ==
{{refbegin}}
* [http://www.caboodle.hu/nc/news/news_archive/single_page/?tx_ttnews[tt_news]=8772 Bronze Age settlement and a former Sarmatian burial ground discovered in Nyíregyháza]
{{refend}}
==External links==
*{{commons category-inline}}
{{Wikivoyage|Nyíregyháza}}
* [http://www.nyirhalo.hu:51080/nyiregyhaza/eng/english.php Official site]
* [http://www.furdohaz.hu/ Sóstó Thermal Bath] {{hu icon}}
* [http://www.sostozoo.hu/?lang=en Sóstó Zoo]
* [http://www.nyirport.hu Nyíregyházi Hírportál - hírek - news] {{hu icon}}
* [http://www.nyiron.hu/ A portal site] {{hu icon}}
* [http://www.indexkelet.hu/ Index-Kelet - local news] {{hu icon}}
* [http://www.happyartfestival.hu/ Happy Art Festival site in English]
* [http://www.caboodle.hu/nc/news/news_archive/single_page/?tx_ttnews[tt_news]=8772 Bronze Age settlement and a former Sarmatian burial ground discovered in Nyíregyháza]
* [http://en.funiq.hu/nyiregyhaza Nyíregyháza at funiq.hu]
* [http://vendeglatas.haon.hu/ Restaurant, bar, pub, daily menu & gastro guide from Nyíregyháza] {{hu icon}}
{{Principal cities of Hungary}}
{{Szabolcs-Szatmar-Bereg}}
{{Hungarian counties}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nyiregyhaza}}
[[Category:Nyíregyháza]]
[[Category:Settlements in Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County]]
[[Category:County seats in Hungary]]
[[Category:Szabolcs County]]
[[Category:Valid name- locality of Hungary]]