History: shortened the section
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Revision as of 09:06, 28 March 2014
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Hyderabad early history dates back to a small fishing village known as Neroon Kot, named after its local Sindhi ruler named Neroon on the banks of mighty River Indus. Later In AD 711, Muhammad bin Qasim along with his army conquered the Sindh and so the town of Hyderabad. After a brief rule of Muslim, Sindh came under the rule of local Somroos, who were local Sindhis converted to Islam.
Hyderabad early history dates back to a small fishing village known as Neroon Kot, named after its local Sindhi ruler named Neroon on the banks of mighty River Indus. Later In AD 711, Muhammad bin Qasim along with his army conquered the Sindh and so the town of Hyderabad. After a brief rule of Muslim, Sindh came under the rule of local Somroos, who were local Sindhis converted to Islam.
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Later, Hyderabad was founded in 1768 by Kalhora dynasty chief Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro upon the ruins of Neroon Kot. A formal concept of the city was laid out by Sarfraz Khan, son of Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro in 1782. Upon completion of the city's foundations, the city was made capital of Sindh and its started to expand, progressed and flourished and obtained the nickname of ''Heart of the Mehran'' as the Kalhora ruler Mian Ghulam Shah was said to have fallen in love with the city. In 1768 Mian Ghulam Shah ordered a fort to be built on one of the three hills on which the city was built to house and defend the people of Hyderabad. The fort was built using fire-baked bricks giving it the name Pacco Qillo or Pakka Qilla which means the strong fort.
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Later, Hyderabad was founded in 1768 by Kalhora dynasty chief Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro upon the ruins of Neroon Kot and the city was made capital of Sindh and its started to expand, progressed and flourished and obtained the nickname of ''Heart of the Mehran'' as the Kalhora ruler Mian Ghulam Shah was said to have fallen in love with the city. After the death of the last Kalhoro ruler, the Talpur dynasty conquered the region. The city expanded, progressed and flourished more under the Talpur rulers. The Talpur rule lasted almost over 50 years and in 1843, Talpurs faced a greater threat from the British forces due to the invasion of expanding British colonial empire. The British came face-to-face with the Talpurs at the Battle of Miani on 17 February 1843 under the command of General Napier who was firmly determined in conquering Sindh and plundering Hyderabad. The battle ended on 24 March 1843 when the Talpur Amirs lost and the city came into the hands of the British and thus the city was made the part of the Bombay Presidency of British colonial empire.
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After the death of the last Kalhoro ruler, the Talpur dynasty conquered and ruled the region. The city expanded, progressed and flourished more under the Talpur rulers. Mir Fateh Ali Khan Talpur left Khudabad — a city also in Sindh — and settled in the city in 1789 and made Hyderabad his seat. He made the Pacco Qillo his residence and also held his courts there. Mir Fateh Ali Khan Talpur along with his three other brothers were responsible for the affairs that persisted in the city of Hyderabad in the years of their rule.
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After the independence of Pakistan in 1947, the minority Hindus and Sikhs migrated to India while the Muslims refugees from India were settled in refugee camps in Hyderabad. Nearly all Hindus of Hyderabad left for India due to better socio-economic prospects in India. The massive migration of Muhajirs into Pakistan after the independence of Pakistan in 1947 raised the population levels of the city to an extreme. The late 1980s saw a black period in the history of Hyderabad as riots and violence broke out between the Muhajirs and Sindhi nationalist parties due to which the social fabric of the city was damaged. Until 1955 the city of Hyderabad served as the capital of Sindh province, which was later dissolved and Karachi was made the capital of Sindh.
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The Baloch Talpur rule lasted almost over 50 years and in 1843, Talpurs faced a greater threat, the invasion of expanding British colonial empire. The British wanted to annexe Sindh due to their strategic interests in the Punjab region and Afghanistan. The Talpur Amir signed a peace agreement that gave significant concessions to the British. After signing this peace agreement Amir Talpur demobilised his volunteer army. The British General Napier also started to march his army back towards Bombay. When the General Napier heard that the Talpur Amir had demobilised his Baloch army he turned back his army and again threatened Hyderabad. The peace agreement with Talpur Amir was of no consequence compared to the strategic interests of the British colonial empire. The British came face-to-face with the Talpurs at the Battle of Miani on 17 February 1843. General Napier was firmly determined in conquering Sindh and plundering Hyderabad. The battle ended on 24 March 1843 when the Talpur Amirs lost and the city came into the hands of the British. The Amirs of Hyderabad suffered great loss, their Fort was plundered, thousands were killed and Amirs themselves were exiled to Rangoon, Burma – never to see Sindh again. The British made the city part of the Bombay Presidency of British colonial empire.
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After the independence of Pakistan in 1947, the minority Hindus and Sikhs migrated to India while the Muslims refugees from India settled down in the Hyderabad. At the time of independence of Pakistan in 1947, the Muhajirs began to immigrate to Pakistan and many settled in the city of Hyderabad but mostly in Karachi. These refugee Muslim lost everything in India and were settled in refugee camps. Nearly all Hindus of Hyderabad left for India due to better socio-economic prospects in India. The massive migration of Muhajirs into Pakistan after the independence of Pakistan in 1947 raised the population levels of the city to an extreme. The late 1980s saw a black period in the history of Hyderabad as riots and violence broke out between the Muhajirs and Sindhi nationalist parties due to which the social fabric of the city was damaged. Until 1955 the city of Hyderabad served as the capital of Sindh province, which was later dissolved and Karachi was made the capital of Sindh.
===Climate===
===Climate===