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the world just as they present
them-
+
the world just as they present
themselves. If there is anything a scientific
−
selves. If there is anything a scientific
man labors to be exact in it is in the
man labors to be exact in it is in the
description of what he has observed.
description of what he has observed.
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discover and expose his errors, thus
discover and expose his errors, thus
destroying in a large measure the credit
destroying in a large measure the credit
−
ho
might otherwise reap from his
ar-
+
he
might otherwise reap from his
arduous investigations. No; there can be
−
duous investigations. No; there can be
no question that men of science give
no question that men of science give
the world pure facts as far as they are
the world pure facts as far as they are
able; probably no men, not even the
able; probably no men, not even the
−
clergy, work under so deep and
con-
+
clergy, work under so deep and
constant a sense of responsibility for the
−
stant
a
sense
of
responsibility
for
the
+
exhibition
of
the
truth
without
any
admixture of fable.
−
exhibition of the truth without any ad-
−
mixture of fable.
The weaving of facts into theories
The weaving of facts into theories
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theories were first broached, all the
theories were first broached, all the
world, nearly, cried out against them.
world, nearly, cried out against them.
−
They were demolished a countless
num-
+
They were demolished a countless
number of times, not only in theological
−
ber of times, not only in theological
but in scientific periodicals. The world
but in scientific periodicals. The world
−
was under the influence of the special-
+
was under the influence of the special-
creation hypothesis, and the facts and
−
creation hypothesis, and the facts and
reasonings of Darwin fell far short,
reasonings of Darwin fell far short,
even in the minds of the most of those
even in the minds of the most of those
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in an earlier age. It took lodgment
in an earlier age. It took lodgment
in some minds, and it was not long in
in some minds, and it was not long in
−
showing that it possessed a strong
prin
-
+
showing that it possessed a strong
principle of vitality. To
-
day evolution, in
−
ciple of vitality. To-day evolution, in
a wider sense than Darwin himself was
a wider sense than Darwin himself was
at first prepared for, is the dominant
at first prepared for, is the dominant
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philosophy that the duke referred when
philosophy that the duke referred when
he hinted at the existence of a kind of
he hinted at the existence of a kind of
−
intellectual tyranny in the world of
sci-
+
intellectual tyranny in the world of
scientific thought. It may be, of course,
−
entific thought. It may be, of course,
that just as evolution was opposed in
that just as evolution was opposed in
the past on account of its novelty and
the past on account of its novelty and
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prestige, it may receive the adhesion of
prestige, it may receive the adhesion of
some who like to be on what appears
some who like to be on what appears
−
to be the stronger side, and who may
to be the stronger side, and who may
support it in the spirit of partisanship
support it in the spirit of partisanship
rather than of conviction. How this is
rather than of conviction. How this is
−
to be avoided, while human nature
re-
+
to be avoided, while human nature
remains what it is, it is difficult to see.
−
mains
what
it
is,
it
is
difficult
to
see.
+
Every
school
of
thought
that
ever
existed in the world has had,
in
addition
−
Every
school
of
thought
that
ever
ex-
+
to
its
reasonable
and
convinced
adherents,
other adherents, in whom the
−
isted in the world has had, in addition
−
to its reasonable and convinced adher-
−
ents, other adherents, in whom the
spirit of sect and party has been much
spirit of sect and party has been much
stronger than the love of truth. But
stronger than the love of truth. But
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confidently assert that no one to-day
confidently assert that no one to-day
who is capable of making any original
who is capable of making any original
−
investigations that might have a
bear-
+
investigations that might have a
bearing on the doctrine of evolution is in
−
ing on the doctrine of evolution is in
the least likely to be unduly influenced
the least likely to be unduly influenced
by any weight of authority on the
by any weight of authority on the
side of any particular theory. There
side of any particular theory. There
−
never was an age when, in matters
sci-
+
never was an age when, in matters
scientific and philosophical, there was so
−
entific and philosophical, there was so
complete a "liberty of prophesying"
complete a "liberty of prophesying"
as there is to-day. To talk, therefore,
as there is to-day. To talk, therefore,
of "scientific orthodoxy," as some do,
of "scientific orthodoxy," as some do,
−
with the intention of suggesting a
par-
+
with the intention of suggesting a
parallel with theological orthodoxy, is altogether unfair and misleading. There
−
allel with theological orthodoxy, is al-
−
together unfair and misleading. There
are no courts for the trial of scientific
are no courts for the trial of scientific
−
heresy. The only penalty any man
in-
+
heresy. The only penalty any man
incurs for putting forth inaccurate statements of fact or inconclusive reasonings
−
curs for putting forth inaccurate state-
−
ments of fact or inconclusive reasonings
is that, upon the exposure of his errors,
is that, upon the exposure of his errors,
his scientific standing is more or less
his scientific standing is more or less
compromised according to the gravity
compromised according to the gravity
of the case. No scientific worker can
of the case. No scientific worker can
−
be condemned by the mere ipse dixit
+
be condemned by the mere
''
ipse dixit
''
of any authority however distinguished:
of any authority however distinguished:
the appeal to facts lies open to the
the appeal to facts lies open to the
−
humblest citizen in the republic of
sci-
+
humblest citizen in the republic of
science. Here truth is Cæsar, and there
−
ence. Here truth is Crcsar, and there
is no divided empire.
is no divided empire.