Not proofread: Created page with "<section begin="s1"/>(2478), Barton-u on-Humber (5671), Brigg (3137), Broughton (1300), Brumby and Fifodingham (2273), Cleethorpes with Thrunscoe (12,578), Crowle (2769), Gain..."
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<noinclude><pagequality level="1" user="Slowking4" /><div class="pagetext">{{rh|{{x-larger| }}|{{x-larger|{{uc|LINCOLNSHIRE}}}}|{{x-larger|715}}}}<!-- replace "Foo" and "Bar" with the header from the page, delete and input page numbers as appropriate -->
</noinclude><section begin="s1"/>(2478), Barton-u on-Humber (5671), Brigg (3137), Broughton (1300), Brumby and Fifodingham (2273), Cleethorpes with Thrunscoe (12,578), Crowle (2769), Gainsborough (17,660), Horncastle (4038), Mablethorpe (934), Market Rasen (2188), Roxby-cum-Risby (389),
écunthorpe (6750), Skegness (2140), Winterton (1361), Woodhall pa (988).
2. PARTS or KESTEVEN.-Municipal boroughs-Grantham
(17,593), Stamford (8229). Urban districts-Bourne (4361), Bracebridge
(1752), Ruskington (1196), Sleaford (5468).
3. PARTS or HOLLAND.-Municipal borough-Boston (15,667).
Urban districts-Holbeach (4755), Long Sutton (2524), Spalding
(9385), Sutton Bridge (2105). In the Parts of Holland the borough
of Boston has a separate commission of the peace and there are
two petty Sessional divisions. Lincolnshire is in the Midland circuit.
In the Parts of Kesteven the borou hs of Grantham and Stamford
have each a separate commission ofgthe peace and separate courts
of quarter sessions, and there are 4 petty Sessional divisions. In the
Parts of Lindsey the county boroughs of Grimsby and Lincoln have
each a separate commission of the peace and a separate court of
quarter sessions, while the municipal borough of Louth has a separate
commission of the peace, and there are 14 petty Sessional divisions.
The three administrative counties and the county boroughs contain
together 761 civil parishes. The ancient county contains 580
ecclesiastical parishes and districts, wholly or in part. It is mostly
in the diocese of Lincoln, but in part also in the dioceses of Southwell
and York. For parliamentary purposes the county is divided
into seven divisions, namely, West Lindsey or Gainsborough, North
Lindsey or Brigg, East Lindsey or Louth, South Lindsey or Horncastle,
North Kesteven or Sleaford, South Kesteven or Stamford,
and Holland or Spalding, and the parliamentary boroughs of Boston,
Grantham, Grimsby and Lincoln, each returning one member.
History.-Of the details of the English conquest of the district
which is now Lincolnshire little is known, but at some time in
the 6th century Engle and Frisian invaders appear to have
settled in the country north of the Witham, where they became
known as the Lindiswaras, the southern districts from Boston
to the Trent basin being at this time dense woodland. In the
7th century the supremacy over Lindsey alternated between
Mercia and Northumbria, but few historical references to the
district are extant until the time of Alfred, whose marriage with
Ealswitha was celebrated at Gainsborough three years before
his accession. At this period the Danish inroads upon the coast
of Lindsey had already begun, and in 873 Healfdene wintered
at Torksey, while in 878 Lincoln and Stamford were included
among the five Danish boroughs, and the organization of the
districts dependent upon them probably resulted about this
time in the grouping of Lindsey, Kesteven and Holland to
form the shire of Lincoln. The extent and permanence of the
Danish influence in Lincolnshire is still observable in the names
of its towns and villages and in the local dialect, and, though
about 918 the confederate boroughs were recaptured by Edward
the Elder, in Q93 a Viking fleet again entered the Humber and
ravaged Lindsey, and in 1013 the district of the five boroughs
acknowledged the supremacy of Sweyn. The county offered
no active resistance to the Conqueror, and though Hereward
appears in the Domesday Survey as a dispossessed under-tenant
of the abbot of Peterborough at Witham-on-the-Hill, the legends
surrounding his name do not belong to this county. In his northward
march in IO68 the Conqueror built a castle at Lincoln, and
portioned out the principal estates among his Norman followers,
but the Domesday Survey shows that the county on the whole
was leniently treated, and a considerable number of Englishmen
retained their lands as subtenants.
The origin of the three main divisions of Lincolnshire is anterior
to that of the county itself, and the outcome of purely natural
conditions, Lindsey being in Roman times practically an island
bounded by the swamps of the Trent and the Witham on the
west and south and on the east by the North Sea, while Kesteven
and Holland were respectively the regions of forest and of fen.
Lindsey in Norman times was divided into three ridings-North,
West and South-comprising respectively five, five and seven
wapentakes; while, apart from their division into wapentakes,
the Domesday Survey exhibits a unique planning out of the
ridings into approximately equal numbers of 12-carucate
hundreds, the term hundred possessing here no administrative
or local significance, but serving merely as a unit of area for
purposes of assessment. The Norman division of Holland into
the three wapentakes of Elloe, Kirton and Skirbeck has remained
unchanged to the present day. In Kesteven the wapentakes
of Aswardhurn, Aveland, Beltisloe, Haxwell, Langoe, Loveden,
Ness, Winnibriggs, and Grantham Soke have been practically
unchanged, but the Domesday wapentakes of Boothby and
Graffo now form the wapentake of Boothby Graffo. In Northriding
Bradley and Haverstoe have been combined to form
Bradley Haverstoe wapentake, and the Domesday wapentake
of Epworth in Westriding has been absorbed in that of Manley.
Wall wapentake in Westriding was a liberty of the bishop of
Lincoln, and as late as 1515 the dean and chapter of Lincoln
claimed delivery and return of writs in the manor and hundred
of N avenby. In the 13th century Baldwin Wake claimed return
of writs and a market in Aveland. William de Vesci claimed
liberties and exemptions in Caythorpe, of which he was summoned
to render account at the sheriff's tourn at Halton. The abbot
of Peterborough, the abbot of Tupholme, the abbot of Bardney,
the prior of Catleigh, the prior of Sixhills, the abbot of St Mary's,
York, the prioress of Stixwould and several lay owners claimed
liberties and jurisdiction in their Lincolnshire estates in the
13th century.
The shire court for Lincolnshire was held at Lincoln every
forty days, the lords of the manor attending with their stewards,
or in their absence the reeve and four men of the vill. The
ridings were each presided over by a riding-reeve, and wapentake
courts were held in the reign of Henry I. twelve times a year,
and in the reign of Henry III. every three weeks, while twice a
year all the freemen of the wapentake were summoned to the
view of frank pledge or tourn held by the sheriff. The boundaries
between Kesteven and Holland were a matter of dispute as early
as 1389 and were not finally settled until 1816.
Lincolnshire was originally included in the Mercian diocese of
Lichfield, but, on the subdivision of the latter by Theodore in
680, the fen-district was included in the diocese of Lichfield,
while the see for the northern parts of the county' was placed
at “ Sidnacester, ” generally identified with Stow. Subsequently
both dioceses were merged in the vast West-Saxon bishopric of
Dorchester, the see of which was afterwards transferred to
Winchester, and by Bishop Remigius in 1072 to Lincoln. The
archdeaconry of Lincoln was among those instituted by Remigius,
and the division into rural deaneries also dates from this period.
Stow archdeaconry is first mentioned in 1138, and in 1291
included four deaneries, while the archdeaconry of Lincoln
included twenty-three. In 1 5 36 the additional deaneries of Hill,
Holland, Loveden and Graffoe had been formed within the
archdeaconry of Lincoln, and the only deaneries created since
that date are East and West Elloe and North and SouthGrantham
in Lincoln archdeaconry. The deaneries of Gartree, Grimsby,
Hill, Horncastle, Louthesk, Ludborough, Walshcroft, Wraggoe
and Yarborough have been transferred from the archdeaconry
of Lincoln to that of Stow. Benedictine foundations existed
at Ikanho, Barrow, Bardney, Partney and Crowland as early as
the 7th century, but all were destroyed in the Danish wars, and
only Bardney and Crowland were ever rebuilt. The revival of
monasticism after the Conquest resulted in the erection of ten
Benedictine monasteries, and a Benedictine nunnery at Stainfield.
The Cistercian abbeys at Kirkstead, Louth Park, Revesby,
Vaudey and Swineshead, and the Cistercian nunnery at Stixwould
were founded in the reign of Stephen, and at the time
of the Dissolution there were upwards of a hundred religious
houses in the county.
In the struggles of the reign of Stephen, castles at Newark and
Sleaford were raised by Alexander, bishop of Lincoln, against
the king, while Ranulf “ Gernons, ” earl of Chester, in 1140
garrisoned Lincoln for the empress. The seizure of Lincoln by
Stephen in II4I was accompanied with fearful butchery and
devastation, and by an accord at Stamford William of Roumare
received Kirton in Lindsey, and his tenure of ' Gainsborough
Castle was confirmed. In the baronial outbreak of 1173 Roger
Mowbray, who had inherited the Isle of Axholme from Nigel
d'Albini, garrisoned Ferry East, or Kinnard's Ferry, and Axholme
against the king, and, after the destruction of their more northern
fortresses in this campaign, Epworth in Axholme became the
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