Not proofread: Created page with "<section begin="s1"/>'''LATREILLE, PIERRE ANDRÉ''' (1762'1833), French naturalist, was born in humble circumstances at Brives-la-Gaillarde (Corréze), on the 2oth of November..."
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</noinclude><section begin="s1"/>'''LATREILLE, PIERRE ANDRÉ''' (1762'1833), French naturalist, was born in humble circumstances at Brives-la-Gaillarde
(Corréze), on the 2oth of November 1762. In 1778 he entered
the college Lemoine at Paris, and on his admission to priestly
orders in 1786 he retired to Brives, where he devoted all the
leisure which the discharge of his professional duties allowed
to the study of entomology. In 1788 he returned to Paris and
found means of making himself known to the leading naturalists
there. His “ Mémoire sur les mutilles découvertes en France, ”
contributed to the Proceedings of the Society of Natural History
in Paris, procured for him admission to that body. At the Revolution
he was compelled to quit Paris, and as a priest of
conservative sympathies suffered considerable hardship, being
imprisoned for some time at Bordeaux. His Précis des caracléres
génériques des insectes, disposes dans un ordre nalurel, appeared
at Brives in 1796. In 1798 he became a corresponding member
of the Institute, and at the same time was entrusted with the task
of arranging the entomological collection at the recently organized
Museum d'Histoire Naturelle (jardin des Plantes); in 1814 he
succeeded G. A. Olivier as member of the Académie des Sciences,
and in 1821 he was made a chevalier of the Legion of Honour.
For some time he acted as professor of zoology in the veterinary
school at Alfort near Paris, and in 1830, when the chair of
zoology of invertebrates at the Museum was divided after the
death of Lamarck, Latreille was appointed professor of zoology
of crustaceans, arachnids and insects, the chair of molluscs,
worms and zoophytes being assigned to H. M. D. de Blainville.
“ On me donne du pain quand je n'ai plus de dents, ” said
Latreille, who was then in his sixty-eighth year. He died in
Paris on the 6th of February 1833.
In addition to the works already mentioned, the numerous works
of Latreille include: Histoire naturelle générale et particuliére des
crustacés el insectes (14 vols., 1802-1805), forming part of C. N. S.
Sonnini's edition of Buffon; Genera cruslaceorum et inseclorum,
secundum ordinem natural em in familias disposila (4 vols., 1806-1807);
Considerations générales sur l'ordre naturel des animaux
compos ant les classes des cruslacés, des arachnid es, et des insecles
(1810); Familles naturelles du régne animal, exposées succincternent
et dans un ordre analytique (1825); Cours d'entomologie (of which
only the first volume appeared, 1831); the whole of the section
“ Crustacés, Arachnides, lnsectes, " in G. Cuvier's Régne animal;
besides many papers in the Annales du Museum, the Encyclopedic
methodigue, the Dictionnaire classique d'histoire naturelle and
elsewhere.
<section end="s1"/>
<section begin="s2"/>'''LA TRÉMOILLE''', an old French family which derives its name from a village (the modern La Trimouille) in the department of
Vienne. The family has been known since the middle of the
1 ith century, and since the 14th century its members have been
conspicuous in French history. Guy, sire de la Trémoille,
standard-bearer of France, was taken prisoner at the battle of
Nicopolis (1396), and Georges, the favourite of King Charles VII.,
was captured at Agincourt (1415). Louis (2), called the chevalier
sans reproc/ze, defeated and captured the duke of Orleans at the
battle of Saint»Aubin-du-Cormier (1488), distinguished himself
in the wars in Italy, and was killed at Pavia (1525). In 1521
Francois (2) acquired a claim on the kingdom of Naples by his
marriage with Anne de Laval, daughter of Charlotte of Aragon.
Louis (3) became duke of Thouars in 1563, and his son Claude
turned Protestant, was created a peer of France in 1595, and
married a daughter of William the Silent in 1598. To this family
belonged the lines of the counts of joigny, the marquises of
Royan and counts of Olonne, and the marquises and dukes of
Noirmoutier.
<section end="s2"/>
<section begin="s4"/>'''LATROBE, CHARLES JOSEPH''' (1801-1875), Australian
governor, was born in London on the 2oth of March 1801. The Latrobes were of Huguenot extraction, and belonged to the Moravian community, of which the father and grandfather of C. J. Latrobe were ministers. His father, Christian Ignatius
Latrobe (1758-1836), a musician of some note, did good service
in the direction of popularizing classical music in England by his
Scleclion of Sacred Music from lhe Works of the most Eminent
Composers of Germany and Italy (6 vols., 1806-1825). C. J.
Latrobe was an excellent mountaineer, and made some important
ascents in Switzerland in 1824-1826. In 1832 he went to
America with Count Albert Pourtales, and in 1834 crossed the
prairies from New Orleans to Mexico with Washington Irving.
In 1837 he was invested with a government commission in the
West Indies, and two years later was made superintendent of
the Port Philip district of New South Wales. When Port Philip
was erected into a separate colony as Victoria in 1851, Latrobe
became lieutenant-governor. The discovery of gold in that year
attracted enormous numbers of immigrants annually. Latrobe
discharged the difficult duties of government at this critical
period with tact and success. He retired in 1854, became C. B.
in 1858 and died in London on the 2nd of December 1875.
Beside some volumes of travel he published a volume of poems,
The Solace of Song (1837).
See Brief Nolices of the Latrobe Family (1864), a privately printed
translation of an article revised by members of the family in the
Moravian Bruderbote (November 1864).
<section end="s4"/>
<section begin="s5"/>'''LATTEN''' (from O. Fr. laton, mod. Fr. lailon, possibly connected with Span. lala, Ital. laita, 'a lath), a mixed metal like brass, composed of copper and zinc, generally made in thin sheets, and used especially for monumental brasses and effigies. A fine example is in the screen of Henry VII/s tomb in Westminster Abbey. There are three forms of latten, “black latten, ” unpolished and rolled, “ shaven latten, ” of extreme thinness, and “ roll latten, ” of the thickness either of black or shaven latten, but with both sides polished.
<section end="s5"/>
<section begin="s6"/>'''LATTICE LEAF PLANT,''' in botany, the common name for
Ouvirandra feneslralis, an aquatic monocotyledonous plant
belonging to the small natural order Aponogetonaceae and a native of Madagascar. It has a singular appearance from the structure of the leaves, which are oblong in shape, from 6 to 18 in. long and from 2 to 4 in. broad; they spread horizontally beneath the surface of the water, and are reduced to little more than a lattice-like network of veins. The tuberculate roots are edible. The plant is grown in cultivation as a stove-aquatic.
<section end="s6"/>
<section begin="s7"/>'''LATUDE, JEAN HENRI''', often called DANRY or MAs1;Rs DE LATUDE (1725-1805), prisoner of the Bastille, was born at
Montagnac in Gascony on the 23rd of March 1725. He received
a military education and went to Paris in 1748 to study mathematics.
He led a dissipated life and endeavoured to curry favour
with the marquise de Pompadour by secretly sending her a box
of poison and then informing her of the supposed plot against her
life. The ruse was discovered, and Mme de Pompadour, not
appreciating the humour of the situation, had Latude put in the
Bastille on the 1st of May 1749. He was later transferred to
Vincennes, whence he escaped in 1750. Retaken and re imprisoned
in the Bastille, he made a second brief escape in 1756.
He was transferred to Vincennes in 1764, and the next year made
a third escape and was a third time recaptured. He was put in
a madhouse by Malesherbes in 1775, and discharged in 1777 on
condition that he should retire to his native town. He remained
in Paris and was again imprisoned. A certain Mme Legros
became interested in him through chance reading of one of his
memoirs, and, by a vigorous agitation in his behalf, secured his
definite release in 1784. He exploited his long captivity with
considerable ability, posing as a brave officer, a. son of the
marquis de la Tude, and a victim of Pompadour's intrigues.
He was extolled and pensioned during the Revolution, and in
1793 the convention compelled the heirs of Mme de Pompadour
to pay him 60,000 francs damages. He died in obscurity at Paris
on the ISL of January ISOS.
The principal work of Latude is the account of his imprisonment,
written in collaboration with an advocate named Thiéry, and entitled
Le Despolisme dévoilé, on Mémoires de Henri Masers de la Tude,
détenu pendant trente-cinq ans dans les diuerses prisons d'état (Amsterdam,
1787, ed. Paris, 1889). An Eng. trans. of a portion was published
in 1787. The work is full of lies and misrepresentations, but had
great vogue at the time of the French Revolution. Latude also
wrote essays on all sorts of subjects.
See l. F. Barriére, Mémoires de Linguet et de Lalude (1884);
G. Bertin, Nolice in edition of the Mémoires (1889); F. Funck-B§§
en§ ano, “ Latude, " in the Revue des deux mondes (1st October 1889).
<section end="s7"/>
<section begin="s8"/>'''LATUKA''', a. tribe of negroid stock inhabiting the mountainous country E. of Gondokoro on the upper Nile. They have received a tinge of Hamitic blood from the Galla people, and have high<section end="s8"/><noinclude><references/></div></noinclude>