Not proofread: Created page with "<section begin="s1"/>and North Berwick. The shire is under school-board jurisdiction, and besides high schools at Haddington and North Berwick, some of the elementary schools..."
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<noinclude><pagequality level="1" user="Slowking4" /><div class="pagetext">{{rh|{{x-larger|}}|{{x-larger|{{uc|HADDOCK—HADEN, SIR F. s.}}}}|{{x-larger|797}}}}<!-- replace "Foo" and "Bar" with the header from the page, delete and input page numbers are appropriate -->
</noinclude><section begin="s1"/>and North Berwick. The shire is under school-board jurisdiction,
and besides high schools at Haddington and North Berwick,
some of the elementary schools earn grants for higher education.
The county council spends a proportion of the “ residue ”
grant in supporting short courses of instruction in technical
subjects (chiefly agriculture), in experiments in the feeding of
cattle and the growing of crops, and in defraying the travelling
expenses of technical students.
History.-Of the Celts, who were probably the earliest inhabitants,
traces are found in a few place names and circular
camps (in the parishes of Garvald and Whittinghame) and hill
forts (in the parish of Bolton). After the Roman occupation,
of which few traces remain, the district formed part of the Saxon
kingdom of Northumbria until IOI8, when it was joined to
Scotland by Malcolm II. It was comparatively prosperous till
the wars of Bruce and Baliol, but from that period down to the
union of the kingdoms it suffered from its nearness to the Border
and from civil strife. The last battles fought in the county
were those of Dunbar (1650) and Prestonpans (1745).
See I. Miller, History of Haddington (1844); D. Croal, Sketches of
East Lothian (Haddington, 1873); John Martine, Reminiscences of
the County of Haddington (Haddington, 1890, 1894); Dr Wallace
James, Writs and Charters of Haddington (Haddington, 1898).
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<section begin="s2"/>'''HADDOCK''' (Gadus aeglehnus), a fish which differs from the
cod in having the mental barbel very short, the 'first anal fin
with 22 to 25 rays, instead of 17 to zo, and the lateral line dark
instead of whitish; it has a large blackish spot above each
pectoral fin-associated in legend with the marks of St Peter's
finger and thumb, the haddock being supposed to be the fish
from whose mouth he took the tribute-money. It attains to a
weight of 15 lb. and -is one of the most valuable food fishes of
Europe, both fresh and smoked, the “ finnan haddie ” of Scotland
being famous. It is common round the British and Irish coasts,
and generally distributed along the shores of the North Sea,
extending across the-Atlantic to the coast of North America.
<section end="s2"/>
<section begin="s3"/>'''HADDON HALL''', one of the most famous ancient mansions in England. It lies on the left bank of the river Wye, 2 m. S.E. of
Bakewell in Derbyshire. It is not now used as a residence, but
the fabric is maintained in order. The building is of stone and
oblong in form, and encloses two quadrangles separated by the
great banqueting-hall and adjoining chambers. The greater part
is of two storeys, and surmounted by battlements. To the south
and south-east lie terraced gardens, and the south front of the
eastern quadrangle is occupied by the splendid ball-room or
long gallery. At the south-west corner of the mansion is the
chapel; at the north-east the Peveril tower. The periods of
building represented are as follows. Norman work appears in
the chapel (which also served as a church for the neighbouring
villagers), also in certain fundamental parts of the fabric, notably
the Peveril tower. There are Early English and later additions
to the chapel; ' the banqueting-hall, with the great kitchen
adjacent to it, and part of the Peveril tower are of the 14th
century. The eastern range of rooms, including the state-room,
are of the 15th century; the western and north-western parts
were built shortly after 1500. The ball-room is of early 17thcentury
construction, and the terraces and gardens were laid
out at this time. A large number of interesting contemporary
fittings are preserved, especially in the banqueting-hall and
kitchen; and many of the rooms are adorned with tapestries
of the 16th and 17th centuries, some of which came from the
famous works at Mortlake in Surrey.
A Roman altar was found and is preserved here, but no trace.
of Roman inhabitants has been discovered. Haddon was a
manor which before the Conquest and at the time of the Domesday
Survey belonged to the king, but was granted by William
the Conqueror to William Peverel, whose son, another William
Peverel, forfeited it for treason on the accession of Henry II.
Before that time, however, the manor of Haddon had been
granted to the family of Avenell, who continued to hold it
until one William Avenell died without male issue and his
property was divided between his two daughters and heirs, one
of whom married Richard Vernon, whose successors acquired
the other half of the manor in the reign of Edward III. Sir
George Vernon, who died in 1561, was known as the “ King of
the Peak ” on account of his hospitality. His daughter Dorothy
married John Manners, second son of the earl of Rutland, who
is said to have lived for some time in the woods round Haddon
Hall, disguised as a gamekeeper, until he persuaded Dorothy
to elope with him. On Sir George's death without male issue
Haddon passed to John Manners and Dorothy, who lived in the
Hall. Their grandson John Manners succeeded to the title of
earl of Rutland in 1641, and the duke of Rutland is still lord of
the manor.
See Victoria County History, Derbyshire; S. Rayner, History and
Antiquities of Haddon Hall (1836»1837); Haddon Hall, History and
Antiquities of Haddon Hall (1867); G. le Blanc Smith, Haddon, the
Manor, the Hall, its Lords and Traditions (London, 1906).
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<section begin="s4"/>'''HADEN, SIR FRANCIS SEYMOUR''' (1818-IQIO), English
surgeon and etcher, was born in London on the 16th of September
1818, his father, Charles Thomas Haden, beingawell-known
doctor and amateur of music. He was educated at University
College school and University College, London, and also studied
at the Sorbonne, Paris, where he took his degree in 1840. He was
admitted as a member of the College of Surgeons in London in
1842. Besides his many-sided activities in the scientific world,
during a busy and distinguished career as a surgeon, he followed
the art of original etching with such vigour that he became not
only the foremost British exponent of that art but was the
principal cause of its revival in England. By his strenuous
efforts and perseverance, aided by the secretarial ability of Sir
W. R. Drake, he founded the Royal Society of Painter-Etchers
and Engravers. As president he ruled the destinies of that
society with a strong hand from its first beginnings in 1880. In
184§ -1844, with his friends Duval, Le Cannes and Col. Guibout,
he had travelled in Italy and made his first sketches from nature.
Haden attended no art school and had no art teachers, but in
1845, 1846, 1847 and 1848 he studied portfolios of prints belonging
to an old second-hand dealer named Love, who had a shop in
Bunhill Row, the old Quaker quarter of London. These portfolios
he would carry home, and arranging the prints in chronological order, he studied the works of the great original engravers, Dürer, Lucas van Leyden and Rembrandt. These studies, besides influencing his original work, led to his important monograph on the etched work of Rembrandt. By lecture and book, and with the aid of the memorable exhibition at the Burlington Fine Arts Club in 1877, he endeavoured to give a just idea of Rembrandt's work, separating the true from the false, and giving altogether a nobler idea of the master's mind by taking away from the list of his works many dull and unseemly plates that had long been included in the lists. His reasons are founded upon the results of a study of the master's works in chronological order, and are clearly expressed in his monograph, The Etched Work of Rembrandt critically reconsidered, privately printed in 1877, and in The Etched Work of Rembrandt Trice and False (1895). Notwithstanding all this study of the old masters of his art, Haden's own plates are perhaps more individual than any artist's, and are particularly noticeable for a fine original treatment of landscape subjects, free and open in line, clear and well divided in mass, and full of a noble and dignified style of his own. Even when working from a picture his personality dominates the plate, as for example in the large plate he etched after I. M. W. Turner's “ Calais Pier, ” which is a classical example of what interpretative work can do in black and white. Of his original plates, more than 250 in number, one of the most notable was the large “ Breaking up of the Agamemnon.” An early plate, rare and most beautiful, is “Thames Fisherman.” “ Mytton Hall ” is broad in treatment, and a fine rendering of a shady avenue of yew trees leading to an old manor-house in sunlight. “ Sub Tegmine ” was etched in Greenwich Park in 1859; and “ Early Morning-Richmond, ” full of the poetry and freshness of the hour, was done, the artist has said, actually at sunrise. One of the rarest and most beautiful of his plates is “ A By-Road in Tipperary ”; “ Combe Bottom ” is another; and “ Shere Mill Pond ” (both the small study and the larger plate), “ Sunset in<section end="s4"/><noinclude>{{smallrefs}}</div></noinclude>